Interventions
Identifying and Implementing
What is the purpose of providing interventions?
To verify that the students difficulties are not due to a lack of instruction.
According to federal law, a child must not be determined to be a child with a disability if the determinant factor for that determination is:
• A lack of appropriate instruction in reading, including the essential components of reading instruction. The term “essential components of reading instruction” means explicit & systematic instruction in: phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary development, reading fluency & reading comprehension strategies.
• Lack of appropriate instruction in math or• Limited English proficiency
Ruling out lack of instruction To ensure that under achievement in a child
suspected of having a specific learning disability is not due to lack of appropriate instruction in reading or math, the team must consider, as part of the evaluation: Data that demonstrates that prior to, or as a part of, the
referral process, the child was provided appropriate instruction in regular education settings, delivered by qualified personnel; &
Data-based documentation of repeated assessments of achievement at reasonable intervals, reflecting formal assessment student progress during instruction.
An intervention is that “extra something” put in place that extends
Beyond the regular curriculumAND
Specifically targets identified weaknesses
of a student or group of students.
Research-based Research-based interventions are strategies, teaching
methodologies and supports that have been shown through one or more valid research studies to help a student improve academic, behavioral/emotional or functional skills. The interventions used prior to determining eligibility for special education and related services must be designed to address the skill deficiency of the particular individual student.
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
What is an RTI Intervention?
Instruction that supplements and intensifies classroom curriculum/instruction to meet student need Academic or Behavioral Standard Protocol or Individualized
All interventions must have plan of implementation, criteria for successful response, assessment to monitor progress.
ALL INTERVENTIONS MUST HAVE AN INSTRUCTIONAL COMPONENT!!!
Some Common Language
Intervention
Intervention vs. InstructionIntervention vs. Re-teaching
Who receives Interventions?
(Crawford, fcrr)
Intervention is…
additional, targeted, and intensive instruction provided to students who continue to struggle with learning despite conventional instruction.
Foorman & Torgesen (2001)
Intervention vs. Instruction
“The primary differences between instruction appropriate for all children in the classroom and that required by children at risk for difficulties are related to the manner in which instruction is provided.
Foorman & Torgesen (2001)
Intervention vs. Instruction
“…Specifically, instruction for children who have difficulties learning must be more explicit and comprehensive, more intensive, and more supportive than the instruction required by the majority of children.”
Foorman & Torgesen (2001) p. 206
Intervention vs. Reteaching
Re-teaching occurs when students don’t master content or skills on the first try, and a different method to deliver this content or skill is needed.
(Crawford, fcrr)
Effective Interventions …
Begin as soon as it is clear the student is lagging behind
Increase the intensity of instruction and practice
Basic Guideline of Effective Interventions
Intensive
Use additional materials than core program to focus on
specific skills
Focus on areas of individual student weaknesses
Utilize more vertical instruction, one skill at a time taught and
practiced
Provided on a frequent and consistent basis
Effective Interventions …
Begin as soon as it is clear the student is lagging behind
Increase the intensity of instruction and practice
Use direct, explicit, systematic instruction and practice
Explicit and Systematic
Frequent review and assessment to insure mastery of
skills
Provided as soon it becomes clear that a student is struggling
Carefully sequenced and logical to both teacher and students
Taught directly through teacher explanation, modeling, guided and
independent practice
Basic Guideline of Effective Interventions
Strategic Explicit Teaching
Focuses on the learner and areas of need
Uses assessment to determine areas of need
Delivers instruction systematically
Effective Interventions …
Begin as soon as it is clear the student is lagging behind
Increase the intensity of instruction and practice
Use direct, explicit, systematic instruction and practice
Provide skillful instruction with error correction and immediate positive feedback
Guide instruction with student data and is responsive to data on student progress
Ensure a positive atmosphere that is motivating, engaging and supportive
Fast-paced for maximum student engagement
Provide format for frequent student response
Emphasis on skills Focus on improvement
Characteristics of Effective Interventions
Development of Intervention Plan
Based on data, identify interventions with highest likelihood of success
Intervention involves explicit instruction and progress monitoring
Intervention is NOT accommodations and modifications Decision making for progress monitoring data
Roles, responsibilities, and timeline
What About Accommodations?
Intervention plans do not give accommodations
If the student needs extended time than the intervention would be with fluency
Characteristics of Intervention Plan Focus on modifying student’s environment
to improve performance Intervention and monitoring is continuation
of hypothesis testing Interventions need to be feasible Team must share responsibility and
accountability for outcome
Procedures for Developing Intervention Plan
Brainstorm interventions Evaluate ideas Select intervention Write action plan Implement the intervention
Analysis of Intervention Plan
Review progress monitoring data Calculate discrepancy between current level of performance
and acceptable level of performance, post interventions Indicate standard Summarize the effectiveness of intervention plan Determine what further action will be taken
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