INTERNET OF THINGS Recent Advances and Applications
MengChu Zhou, Tongji University and
New Jersey Institute of Technology
What is the next Industrial Revolution?
The 1st answer
People producing their own green energy in their homes, offices, and factories, and sharing it with each other in an “energy internet”
Industrial Revolution III =
Industrial Internet =
Intelligent Devices + Intelligent Systems + Intelligent Decisioning
The 2nd answer is from General Electric: Peter C. Evans and Marco Annunziata
INTERNET OF THINGS
(IoT)
Physical Attributes
Interface
R
Seamlessly Integrated
Object Identities
Picture by dobrych licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).
Smart Objects
Picture by joealterio licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).
Internet of Things : Anytime, anywhere, by anyone and anything – ITU, November 2005
Internet of
Things
Computing
Anytime
Any content
Content
Anyone
Anybody
Collection
Any Service
Any Business
Communication
Any Path
Any Network
Connectivity
Any Place
Anywhere
Convergence
Anything
Any device
WHAT are the proper
ARCHITECTURES for such IoT
Does it make sense to network physical objects?
ARCHITECTURE
Relevant information of physical objects = status + control information
IoT = integration of sensing, computation, and control
Electronic switch
Temperature sensor
ARCHITECTURE
Applications
Sensors/ Controllers
Network
Smart-grid Traffic Control Environmental
Protection Disaster Recovery
INTRANET of Things or “Net of Things”
WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?
Applications
Sensors/ Controllers
Netwrok
Smart-grid Traffic Control Environmental
Protection Disaster Recovery
INTERNET OF THINGS
Generic protocols & Horizontal networking
Applications
Sensors and Controllers
Internet of Things
ARCHITECTURE OF IoT
HOW can one
IMPLEMENT them
Applications
Sensors and Controllers
Internet of Things
Internet
Proposal 1: Direct Use of Internet
IoT Requirements Proposal 1
1. Real-time
2. Privacy
3. Embedded computing
4. Scalable
5. Low cost, quick start
6. Marketing and profitable
Evaluation of Proposal 1
IoT Requirements Proposal 1
1. Real-time Not good
2. Privacy Not good
3. Embedded computing Impossible
4. Scalable Good
5. Low cost, quick start Good
6. Marketing and profitable Not good
Evaluation of Proposal 1
Applications
Sensors and Controllers
Internet of Things
A New Network
Proposal 2: Construction of a New Network
IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2
1. Real-time Not good
2. Privacy Not good
3. Embedded computing Impossible
4. Scalable Good
5. Low cost, quick start Good
6. Marketing and profitable Not good
OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible
Evaluation of Proposal 2
IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2
1. Real-time Not good Possible
2. Privacy Not good Possible
3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible
4. Scalable Good Possible
5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult
6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible
OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible High risk!
Evaluation of Proposal 2
Applications
Sensors /Controllers
IoT Services
Communication Service
Upper layer
Lower layer
Proposal 3: A Two-Layer System
IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3
1. Real-time Not good Possible
2. Privacy Not good Possible
3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible
4. Scalable Good Possible
5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult
6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible
OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible High risk!
Evaluation of Proposal 3
IoT Requirements Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3
1. Real-time Not good Possible Possible
2. Privacy Not good Possible Possible
3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible Possible
4. Scalable Good Possible Good
5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult Good
6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible Possible
OVERALL EVALUATION Infeasible High risk! Feasible
Evaluation of Proposal 3
26
Applications
Sensors / Controllers
IoT service
IoT
Communication service
27
W-Internet
WInternet
Edge
Network
WInternet Backbone Network
WInternet
Device NodeWInternet
Device Node
WInternet
Gateway Node
WInternet
Edge
Network
WInternet
Device Node
WInternet
Gateway Node
WInternet
Access
Network
WInternet
Access
Network
WInternet
Backbone Node
WInternet
Backbone Node
WInternet
Backbone Node
WInternet
Backbone Node
WInternet
Backbone Node
WInternet
Access Node
WInternet
Access Node
Gate Protocol Gate Protocol
Pipe Protocol
HTTP Protocol HTTP Protocol
Pipe Protocol
W-Internet Architecture
Netlet Store
Naming Service
Search Service
Search Service
Naming Service
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
Link Link
Link Link
IoT Server Link
Link Link Link Link
Link Link
29
IoT Service Layer: System Structure
IoT Service Layer: System Structure
Search Service
Naming Service
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
IoT Server
Link Link
Link Link
IoT Server Link
Link Link Link Link
Link Link
30
Models Models
Ports of Physical World Ports of Physical
World Ports of Physical World Control Ports to
Members
Ports of Physical World Ports of
Physical World Ports of Physical World Image Ports
from Members
Control Handle Image
Local Processing Unit
Models Models
Ports of Physical World Ports of Physical
World Ports of Physical World Control Ports to
Members
Ports of Physical World Ports of Physical
World Ports of Physical World Image Ports from Members
Control Handle
Image
Local Processing Unit
31
IoT Service Layer: Node Design
Command Listener
Integrated Control Model
Fused Data Model
Information Dissemination
Command Execution Engine
Command Dissemination
Data Fusion Engine
Data Acquisition
Cyber Control Engine
IoT Server
32
IoT Service Layer: Node Design
Control Plane Control Data Data Plane
Upstream Linkage Protocol
Upstream Linkage Table Command Listener
Information Dissemination
Downstream Linkage Protocol
Downstream Linkage Table
Command Dissemination
Data Acquisition
Execution Rule
Compiler
Control Rule
Compiler
Fusion Rule
Compiler
Compiled Execution
Rules
Compiled Control Rules
Compiled Fusion Rules
Command Execution
Engine
Cyber Control Engine
Data Fusion Engine
33
IoT Service Layer: Node Design Diagram
WHAT are the existing
APPLICATIONS showing the promise of IoT
The iDigi® Device Cloud™ allows users to connect a physical device to the cloud and use an online Web application for remote access. The application converts complex device data into simple and useful information for anyone — from business owners who want to get message when refrigerator temperatures fall below a specific threshold to farmers who want to measure soil quality. iDigi also creates Internet of ANYThings content on their community site.
The Connected Home offering of AlertMe is based on ultra-low-power ZigBee-enabled devices scattered around the home, which are turned into internet devices via the proxy of a home gateway.
NIMBITS Nimbits is an open source data server built on cloud computing architecture that provides connectivity among devices using data points.
THINGSPEAK ThingSpeak is an open source “Internet of Things” application and API to store and retrieve data from things using HTTP over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. With ThingSpeak, you can create sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of things with status updates.
IOT TOOLKIT The IoT Toolkit is an Open Source project to develop a set of tools for building multi-protocol IoT Gateways and Service gateways that enable horizontal co-operation among multiple different protocols and cloud services. The project consists of the Smart Object API, gateway service, and related tools:.
SOFTWARE
Cyanobacteria Monitoring in Tai Lake Based on WInternet
WinternetServer
Pipe
WInternet Local Server3
WInternet Local Server2
WInternet Local Server1
Pipe
Pipe
Collaborative Monitoring and Tracking Vehicles with Multiple Cameras Based on Winternet
41
Speed License plate Traffic flow
Upload
Pipe
Upload
Pipe
WInternet Local Server2
Upload
Pipe
Upload
Pipe
WInternet Local Server1
WInternet Server
WInternet Local Server3
WInternet Local Server4
Material Tracking, Monitoring and Supervision in Toy Manufacturing
Raw material Semi-fin. product Finished product
Layered
classification
identification
Multimodal
information
perception
Multi-mode
integrated
transmission
Cloud
information
processing
Multi-level
application
services
Barcode Tag Barcode
Traceability
RFID Reader PDA Barcode Scanner
Sensing devices
Objects
Transfer Protocol
Objects in-out warehouse management Semi-finished products information collection
Reliable data transmission
Wireless WirelessCable Cable
Transfer Protocol
Warehouse WoekshopManagement office
… …
Database 1 Database 2 Database 3
Toy Design
Library
ComparisonData fusionData Processing
with transmission
Inventory management
Production information
transparent
Toys experience and
design improvements Toy Design
Library
Raw material Semi-fin. product Finished product
Barcode Tag Barcode
Objects
Workshop
Production
Ma
teria
l
Information center
Material storage
TemportarySemi storage……
B1 B2 B3 B4
或
Bn
…… 或
……A1 A2 A3 A4 An
……M1 M2 M3 M4 Mn
……Card
Wifi
Wifi
Raw MaterialWarehouse
Finished goods
Warehouse
Job shops
JA1 JA2 JAn……
Semi-finished Warehouse
W1 W2 Wn……
JN1 JN2 JNn……
JB1 JB2 JBn……
MaterialFlow
Production Workflow
Colla
borativ
e
DB1
DB2
DB3
Lib
rary
Dat
a
fusion
Data center
Collaborative Framework
Unit identification
Database
Questions?
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