Integrating urban and peri-urban agriculture into urban planning
and policy making
Ir. Marielle Dubbeling [email protected]
Director RUAF Foundation
www.ruaf.org
RUAF Foundation: A global centre of expertise on Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture and City Regional Food Systems (since 1998; not for profit)
Main fields of activity: A. Research (policy and action oriented) B. Policy advice; multi-stakeholder planning C. Project design, implementation and evaluation D. Capacity development
Different types of urban and peri-urban agriculture! -Different scales -Different objectives -Different planning instruments
1. Lower-investment small/medium scale production for home consumption and supplementary marketing
-front / back yards -open spaces in the city -rooftops; low-space growing containers
2. Small and medium social enterprises/ value chains for income and job creation -open private and public spaces -peri-urban areas -areas for input supply, processing and sales
3. Multi-functional (ecological) agriculture promoting next to food production other functions such as recreation, education, land scape management -green open spaces (intra-urban, peri- urban)
4. Agro-clusters with a number of mutually complimentary (indoor) agricultural enterprises (poultry, pigs, mushrooms, greenhouse vegetables, aquaculture), for high production and closing cycles (CO2, heat, re-use of waste-products) -located close to processing and transport companies in harbours and industrial areas -located close to energy/ waste industries
Need for a zoning of urban agriculture: what type of UPAF to promote where and
for what purposes
Need for a matching planning approach
Need for appropriate planning instruments:
Building codes, plot design, land use zoning, land use plans
Zoning of urban and peri-urban agriculture City zone: A = Inner city; B= Sub urban (less densely built up); C:= Peri-urban (mainly open spaces)
City zone Type of UPAF Mitigation benefits Adaptation
benefits
Trade offs
A Promotion of backyard and
community gardening Reduction of waste
volumes due to on the
spot composting
Diversification food
and income sources
Consumer transport
distances for buying
food.
A
Promotion of green
productive rooftops Lese energy sued for
heating and cooling
Potential effect on
biodiversity (niche
species; birds)
Choice of production
technologies and
inputs required
(energy costs)
A-B Promoting food and
biomass production (agro-
forestry) in flood zones and
other urban open spaces
Carbon storage and
sequestration
Enhanced water
retention capacity
and reduced run off
Seasonality of
production
Production
technologies used
B-C Promoting forestry and
agro-forestry Reduced urban heat
island
Less incidence of
land slides
Degree of
combination with
food production
Choice of species
B-C Protecting and promoting
agriculture in city
fringes/peri-urban areas
Less
energy/emissions in
food transport/storage
Enhanced
resilience/ less
dependent on food
imports
Production
technologies used
Degree of
waste/energy re-
use
Casablanca, Morocco
Beijing, China
• Strips of urban forests along
all major roads to reduce
urban heat, dust, CO2 and
winds
• Promotion of various types of
multi-functional agriculture
(enterprise and community
based)
• Strict protection of agricultural
land within city region /
Increased investment in sub-
& peri-urban agriculture
•
•
Intra urban: green spaces/parks, agro-
exhibitions, allotment gardens
Sub-urban: sightseeing, agro-parks,
eco-education, landscape management
Plains: intensive high tech agriculture
and livestock keeping
Mountainous areas: village based
agro-tourism, ecological protection,
cultural heritage
Matching urban planning approach -Double track planning: physical and green infrastructure are designed in parallel; agriculture integral part of urban planning -City region focus in urban development planning -Leading image: Several compact built up areas intertwined with multi-functional productive landscapes (green wedges, corridors, greenbelts, protected watersheds, etcetera)
Building codes (USA: rooftop
gardens; Bangalore: rainwater harvesting; Kampala: growing on walls)
Plot design (Amman) Temporal user right agreements
(Amsterdam) Integration in slum
upgrading/social housing programmes (Antananarivo, Colombo)
Fiscal and tax incentives (Governador Valadares)
Land identification and land bank (Rosario)
Appropriate planning instruments
Zoning/ preservation (Beijing,
Freetown) Integration in master and urban
development plans (Sana’a : greenbelt; Amman: Master Plan; Toronto: parks plan)
Creating the legal, operational and financial framework for coordinated actions re. food and agriculture (Bulawayo, Toronto)
Appropriate planning instruments
• Further inclusion of UPAF in city climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction plans • Linking land security to financing (loan guarantees; community land trusts) • Raising land (m2) / space (m3) rent of agricultural production • Supporting research on appropriate technologies for UPA, while reducing health risks • Enhancing participatory planning and design
Challenges
Joint ICLEI / RUAF initiative; launched at the Resilient Urban Food Systems Forum, Bonn June 2013 CITYFOOD intends to establish: -CityHub: Cities presenting their UPA and food policies/ programmes and the results thereof –Community of Practice: Practitioners share experiences; mutual assistance and review -On line Compendium: fact sheets, business models, guidelines and tools, on line library -Training and technical support services -City-to-City exchanges -International awareness raising and lobbying
Contact: [email protected]; [email protected] http://resilient-cities.iclei.org/fileadmin/sites/resilient-cities/files/Frontend_user/RUFS_2013_CITYFOOD_12pages_FINAL_hq.pdf
CITYFOOD: linking cities on urban agriculture and food systems
www.ruaf.org
THANK YOU
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