IPM Defined:
"IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks."
Economic Threshold
How would you define it? The point at which the disease or pest
infestation begins to diminish the quality of the crop.
Economic Thresholds Thresholds should be quantitative and
grower driven.For example, thresholds could be based on
the average number of pests per trap each week.
the percent of plants or leaves found to be damaged or infested during visual inspection.
the number of pests dislodged per shake sample.
EIL
ET
Averagedensity
Time
Pes
t d
ensi
t y
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Economic Threshold
Apply controls
Avoid exceeding economic injury level
Economic Thresholds
Vary depending upon the crop. Bacterial Leaf Spot on Poinsettia:
Devastating! Bacterial Leaf Spot on Greenhouse
Tomatoes:Not such a big deal. Why?
Insects & diseases on ornamental crops grown in nurseries:Big deal? Yes or no?
Also called “monitoring’. Perform weekly. In greenhouses focus monitoring near
doorways, vents and fans. 1 card per 1,000 square feet.
Yellow: attracts most flying insectsBlue: for thrips
Replace cards on a regular basis.
Sanitation The goal of sanitation is to eliminate all
possible sources of the pest.weed removal inside and outside the greenhouse.
○ grass flowering-increase in thrips populationweed removal around nurseries.dispose of dead/diseased plants.In greenhouses:
○ quarantine infested plants in a separate room.○ medium pasteurization (especially if it contains soil).○ algae control-fungus gnats.
Watering
Too much moisture:leaf diseasesroot rotsfungus gnatsalgae
Too little moisture:stresses the plants and predisposes it to
diseasehot, dry conditions favor spider mites
Temperature
Plants begin to stress at temperatures of 95 degrees F. and higher.
Temperature fluctuations.
Biorational Pesticides:
Insecticidal Soaps Horticultural Oils Bacillus thuringiensis-bacteria Beauveria bassiana-fungus that infects
the chitin exoskeleton of many pests Diatomaceous Earth IGR’s
kill insects by disrupting their development
Conventional Pesticides
Licensed Applicator WPS Re-entry Times Residue Resistance
rotate between groups/active ingredients
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