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INSTRUCTOR:INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Jeffrey D. Paduan (Code OC/Pd)Prof. Jeffrey D. Paduan (Code OC/Pd)OFFICE:OFFICE: Spanagel 348Spanagel 348PHONE:PHONE: 656-3350656-3350EMAIL:EMAIL: [email protected]@nps.edu
QUARTER:QUARTER: Summer 05Summer 05WHERE:WHERE: Spanagel 332Spanagel 332WHEN:WHEN: Mon–Thur 0400-1450Mon–Thur 0400-1450
(Thursday is Lab/Rev/Supp Lecture period)(Thursday is Lab/Rev/Supp Lecture period)
PROPOSED GRADING:PROPOSED GRADING:Lab/Projects (20%); 2 Tests (25% each);Lab/Projects (20%); 2 Tests (25% each);Final Exam (30%)Final Exam (30%)
Required Text:Required Text: Sverdrup, Duxbury, and Duxbury, 2005: Sverdrup, Duxbury, and Duxbury, 2005: The World's OceansThe World's Oceans.,.,8th Edition, McGraw Hill, Press, New York, 514 pp;8th Edition, McGraw Hill, Press, New York, 514 pp;online supplement: http://www.mhhe.com/sverdrup8online supplement: http://www.mhhe.com/sverdrup8
OC3230-Descriptive Physical OceanographyOC3230-Descriptive Physical Oceanography
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What to do?What to do?
1)1) ReadReadTextbookTextbookClass NotesClass Notes
2)2) Come to classCome to class3)3) Turn in homeworkTurn in homework4)4) Show up for cruiseShow up for cruise5)5) Ace the examsAce the exams
““Paduan” notesPaduan” notes TextbookTextbook
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SPECIAL DATES:SPECIAL DATES:
MPA meeting…6 JulMPA meeting…6 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…14 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…14 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…25 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…25 JulExam-1 (definite)...2 AugExam-1 (definite)...2 AugExam-2 (Tentative)…1 SepExam-2 (Tentative)…1 SepLabor Day Holiday...5 SepLabor Day Holiday...5 SepFinal Exam...19 SepFinal Exam...19 Sep
(Sp-226, 1300-1450)(Sp-226, 1300-1450)
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SPECIAL DATES:SPECIAL DATES:
MPA meeting…6 JulMPA meeting…6 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…14 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…14 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…25 JulR/V Pt Sur Cruise…25 JulExam-1 (Tentative)...1 AugExam-1 (Tentative)...1 AugExam-2 (Tentative)…1 SepExam-2 (Tentative)…1 SepLabor Day Holiday...5 SepLabor Day Holiday...5 SepFinal Exam...19 SepFinal Exam...19 Sep
(Sp-226, 1300-1450)(Sp-226, 1300-1450)
Thursdays: Optional “Lab”Thursdays: Optional “Lab”
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““We here set out with the We here set out with the postulate that the sea, as well as postulate that the sea, as well as the air, has its system of the air, has its system of circulation, and that this system, circulation, and that this system, whatever it be, and wherever its whatever it be, and wherever its channels lie, whether in the channels lie, whether in the waters at or below the surface, is waters at or below the surface, is in obedience to physical laws.”in obedience to physical laws.”
Matthew Fountaine Maury, 1855Matthew Fountaine Maury, 1855
What is Oceanography?What is Oceanography?When did it Start?When did it Start?Who does it?Who does it?
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
01000 1400 1500 1700 1800 1900
Explorers Early Oceanography
TTiimmee LLii nnee ooff EEaarrll yy OOcceeaannooggrr aapphhyy
VikingsDiaz1487
Columbus1492
Vasco da Gamma1499
Balboa1513
Magellan1521
Cook1768
Franklin Map1769
CoastSurvey
1807
Darwin1831Forbes1834
Maury1841Bache1843
Challenger1872
MBL1888
Albatross1882
Hopkins1892
Nansen1893
SIO1905
Prince Albert1910
Titanic, Big-elow; 1912
Meteor1925
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Ptolemy (5th C)Ptolemy (5th C)
Herodotus (450 BC!)Herodotus (450 BC!)
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
““Pre-Columbian” Explorations of the VikingsPre-Columbian” Explorations of the Vikings
Afterwards, around 1000-1400 A.D., navigationAfterwards, around 1000-1400 A.D., navigationflourished mainly in Asia and in the Arab Worldflourished mainly in Asia and in the Arab Worldwhere knowledge was translated and expandedwhere knowledge was translated and expandedfrom the Greek civilizationfrom the Greek civilization
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
01000 1400 1500 1700 1800 1900
Explorers Early Oceanography
TTiimmee LLii nnee ooff EEaarrll yy OOcceeaannooggrr aapphhyy
VikingsDiaz1487
Columbus1492
Vasco da Gamma1499
Balboa1513
Magellan1521
Cook1768
Franklin Map1769
CoastSurvey
1807
Darwin1831Forbes1834
Maury1841Bache1843
Challenger1872
MBL1888
Albatross1882
Hopkins1892
Nansen1893
SIO1905
Prince Albert1910
Titanic, Big-elow; 1912
Meteor1925
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
John Harrison (1693-1776)John Harrison (1693-1776)H4-Traveled with Capt. CookH4-Traveled with Capt. Cook
Aside: the longitude problem = timeAside: the longitude problem = timeRecommend: book “Longitude” by Dava SobelRecommend: book “Longitude” by Dava Sobel
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Johannes van Keulen (1682)Johannes van Keulen (1682) Ben Franklin & Timothy Folger (1769)Ben Franklin & Timothy Folger (1769)
Early navigation chart;Early navigation chart;Compass directions fromCompass directions from14c 14c portolanosportolanos (harbor- (harbor-finding) chartsfinding) charts
Based on shipping recordsBased on shipping recordsand designed to help shipand designed to help shiptransit efficiently betweentransit efficiently betweenNorth America and EuropeNorth America and Europe
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Average Satellite SST in 1996Average Satellite SST in 1996 Ben Franklin & Timothy Folger (1769)Ben Franklin & Timothy Folger (1769)
Consistent reports of strong northeast currentsConsistent reports of strong northeast currentsallowed Franklin to chart the Gulf Stream andallowed Franklin to chart the Gulf Stream andrecommend the northern route to Europe andrecommend the northern route to Europe andthe southern route from Europethe southern route from Europe
OC3230-PaduanOC3230-Paduan images Copyright © McGraw Hillimages Copyright © McGraw Hill
01000 1400 1500 1700 1800 1900
Explorers Early Oceanography
TTiimmee LLii nnee ooff EEaarrll yy OOcceeaannooggrr aapphhyy
VikingsDiaz1487
Columbus1492
Vasco da Gamma1499
Balboa1513
Magellan1521
Cook1768
Franklin Map1769
CoastSurvey
1807
Darwin1831Forbes1834
Maury1841Bache1843
Challenger1872
MBL1888
Albatross1882
Hopkins1892
Nansen1893
SIO1905
Prince Albert1910
Titanic, Big-elow; 1912
Meteor1925
Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
JeffersonJefferson
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
LT Matthew F. MauryLT Matthew F. Maury(1806-1873)(1806-1873)
Physical Geography of the Sea (1855)Physical Geography of the Sea (1855)Father of Oceanography (one of);Father of Oceanography (one of);began collating records of oceanography observationsbegan collating records of oceanography observationsalong with Alexander Bache of the U.S. Coast Surveyalong with Alexander Bache of the U.S. Coast Survey
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
The Beagle voyage included naturalist Charles DarwinThe Beagle voyage included naturalist Charles Darwin
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Challenger Expedition was first dedicated oceanographic cruiseChallenger Expedition was first dedicated oceanographic cruise
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Challenger ExpeditionChallenger Expedition::All oceans-111,000 kmAll oceans-111,000 kmWater column and bottomWater column and bottomsamplessamplesDepth soundings (max=8180mDepth soundings (max=8180min Marianas Trench)in Marianas Trench)50 Volumes; 20 Years50 Volumes; 20 Years
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Challenger ExpeditionChallenger Expedition::
Bottom samples identifiedBottom samples identifiedmany new species;many new species;
De-bunked Forbes’ theoryDe-bunked Forbes’ theorythat no life existed belowthat no life existed below550m550m
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-HistoryFridtjof NansenFridtjof Nansen1861-19301861-1930
ScientistScientistInventorInventorStatesmanStatesman
1922 Nobel1922 NobelPeace PricePeace PriceRecipientRecipient
Fram ExpeditionFram Expedition1893-18961893-1896
Frozen in arctic ice pack for 3 yearsFrozen in arctic ice pack for 3 yearsMeteorological and oceanographicMeteorological and oceanographic
observationsobservationsIceberg motion relative to wind directionIceberg motion relative to wind direction
inspired Ekman’s theory of windinspired Ekman’s theory of winddriven currents (1905)driven currents (1905)
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Meteor Expedition (1925):Meteor Expedition (1925):
Discovered mid-Atlantic RidgeDiscovered mid-Atlantic RidgeCritical mapping of T & SCritical mapping of T & S
––Deep CirculationDeep Circulation
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Oceanographic InstitutionsOceanographic Institutions
18881888 Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole)Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole)
18921892 Hopkins Marine StationHopkins Marine Station
19031903 Scripps Institution of OceanographyScripps Institution of Oceanography
19101910 Oceanographic Museum of MonacoOceanographic Museum of Monaco
19301930 Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Post WWII = Many MorePost WWII = Many More
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Chap 1-HistoryChap 1-History
Retired MBARI engineer Gary Thurmond Retired MBARI engineer Gary Thurmond took these aerial shots with a "KAP" Rig took these aerial shots with a "KAP" Rig (Kite Aerial Photography camera (Kite Aerial Photography camera platform), pictured at right. The rig platform), pictured at right. The rig consists of a radio-controlled pan and tilt consists of a radio-controlled pan and tilt Olympus D-340R digital camera, a small Olympus D-340R digital camera, a small video camera for aiming the rig, and a video camera for aiming the rig, and a 2.4 GHz microwave video downlink. The 2.4 GHz microwave video downlink. The video is received on the ground and used video is received on the ground and used to point the digital camera.to point the digital camera.
MBARIMBARI ScrippsScripps
MBARI/MLML dockMBARI/MLML dockMoss LandingMoss Landing
Pt SurPt SurWesternWesternFlyerFlyer
Pt LobosPt Lobos
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