Download - Infra Design

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1.0 BASIC SCOPE OF CIVIL WORKS

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1.0 BASIC SCOPE OF CIVIL WORKS

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1.0 OTHER SCOPE OF CIVIL WORKS

Scope of earthwork involves:

Site clearance Construction of temporary site access

EARTHWORK

General earthwork (cut & fill) Construction of wash trough Construct of silt trap & earth drain Construction of slope/retaining system Erosion and sedimentation control

Site clearance

EARTHWORK scope

Cut/Fill

Temporary Access

Basement Excavation

EARTHWORK - scope

retaining system

berm drains

Sedimentation control

EARTHWORK scope

Check dam

Silt Fence

EARTHWORK Design info

Topographical map / survey plan Soil investigation rock profile/soil type Existing services survey

Development layout Development layout

SITE VISIT

EARTHWORK Design Considerations

Topographical of the site and surrounding boundaries

Existing road levels Existing stream/drainage discharge inverts Existing stream/drainage discharge inverts Existing sewerage connection inverts AVOID / minimize ROCK blasting Platform to suit type of development Slope whenever possible avoid retaining walls Silt control (ESCP)

EARTHWORK Design Compliances

To match surrounding levels To allow future connectivity of road system To ensure NO siltation on surrounding

neighboring landsneighboring lands To ensure FOS of slope stability To ensure soil settlement within limit To ensure soil movement do not damage

adjacent properties

EARTHWORK - Design

Platform/level design

Volume calculations BALANCE design

Slope/retaining system analysis & design

Erosion and sedimentation control plan (ESCP)

EARTHWORK Platform Design

To suit existing contourTo suit existing contour To suit type of developmentTo suit type of development To minimize earthwork To minimize earthwork cut & fillcut & fill To avoid retaining systemTo avoid retaining system To avoid retaining systemTo avoid retaining system Design above flood levelDesign above flood level To ensure gravity flow of infra services, To ensure gravity flow of infra services,

such as sewer & storm watersuch as sewer & storm water Slope gradient Slope gradient to avoid strengthening to avoid strengthening

workwork Limit maximum road gradientLimit maximum road gradient

EARTHWORK Volume Calculation

Methods to calculate earthwork cut & fill:Methods to calculate earthwork cut & fill: Methods to calculate earthwork cut & fill:Methods to calculate earthwork cut & fill:

Trapezoid Volume Method Cut sections Computer software

EARTHWORK Slope Design

General design requirements:General design requirements:

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EARTHWORK Retaining system Type of retaining system:

Gabion Wall Crib Wall

RE Wall RC Wall

EARTHWORK Retaining wall Design

General design requirements:General design requirements:

Overturning Sliding Sliding Soil pressure Strength (for RC wall)

Analysis using software

EARTHWORK ESC Design

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The design criteria adopted for sediment are as follow: Basin Type : Dry Soil Type : Fine-grained loam, clay: more than 33%

< 0.02mm Design Storm : 3 months ARI Location of Fitted Coefficient for IDF Curves : Selangor Runoff Coefficient C : Type 5 (Bare Loam, suburban

residential with Garden)

SIZE the SILT TRAP (Volume)

EARTHWORK ESC Design

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Determine the flow direction provide earth drains to Determine the flow direction provide earth drains to divert runoff to the silt trap

Determine locations for check dam to slow down the flow

Determine locations of silt fence to avoid spill over of muddy water into existing road & drainage system

EARTHWORK PLAN:

SILT TRAPSILT TRAP

EARTHWORK SECTIONS:

DESIGN PLANFORM IMAGES

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ROAD AND DRAINAGE

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ROAD WORK Design Compliances

To match surrounding levels To allow future connectivity of road system To meet local authorities / JKR requirements

ROAD WORK DesignTYPICAL LOCAL ROADS6m Full 6m premix12m 7.32m premix15m 9.0m premix20m- 9m or 4-lane 7.2m premix

ROAD - Design

Road structure follow local authorities or JKR standardor JKR standard

ROAD - Design

Road Junction Road Junction - Minimum radius to comply- Minimum acceleration and deceleration distance (depends on design speed)

ROAD - Design

Road Alignment & super elevation for truck road or highway design

ROAD - Design

Road Signage follow local authorities or JKR standard

DRAINAGE

TWO MAJOR Design Objectives:TWO MAJOR Design Objectives: Storm water managementStorm water management+ Ensure post-development run-off are contain

Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia, published by Department of Irrigation and Drainage.

+ Ensure post-development run-off are contain within the development

Hydraulic DesignHydraulic Design+ ensure hydraulic structures have adequate

capacity to channel run-off

DRAINAGE storm water management

STORM WATER MANAGEMENTSTORM WATER MANAGEMENT :-

POST DEVELOPMENT DISCHARGE < PRE-DEVELOPMENT DISCHARGE


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Underground system

Landscape/open space

Landscape/park


Design of Design of detention detention systemsystem Establish type of detention system Define Average Recurrent interval (ARI) Define the catchment area Define the catchment area

Determine the Permissible Site Discharge (PSD) Determine the Site Storage Requirement (SSR) Determine the outlet & emergency spillway sizes Size the retention system Computer-aided programs


Channel rain water to OSD system

Volume Volume size the size the OSD (SSR)OSD (SSR)

OUTLET OUTLET limit the discharge limit the discharge (PSD)(PSD)

Overflow outlet

DRAINAGE OSD using underground system

UNDERGORUND OSD

DRAINAGE OSD using open space

Open Space

IN

OUT

OSD

DRAINAGE hydraulic design

Design considerationDesign consideration Define Average Recurrent interval (ARI) for varies

type of drainage system (minor / major) Define the catchment area Determine the type of drains Determine the type of drains

Type of hydraulic structuresType of hydraulic structures Drains open, closed, covered Culvert round, rectangular Open channel main drain, lined/unlined


DesignDesign Manning equation Minimum & Maximum velocity, 0.8m/s and 4.0 m/s


Sample Drainage design sheetSample Drainage design sheet


Open drain Covered drain

Culvert (Box)


Lined Main Drain

Main drain

Unlined Drain/river

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SEWERAGE

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SEWERAGE

Sewerage NetworkSewerage Network

Sewage Treatment PlantSewage Treatment Plant

SEWERAGE

Design compliance Design compliance (3)(3) Guidelines for Developers on the Design and

Installation of Sewerage System.

M.S. 1228 : 1991 Code of Practice for Design and Installation of Sewerage System.

Population Equivalent (PE) refer to SPANs Table

SEWERAGE

PE TabulationsPE Tabulations

Basic PE table base on type ofBasic PE table base on type of premisespremises

SEWERAGE

Sewerage Planning Proposal (PDC/1)Sewerage Planning Proposal (PDC/1)

1.1. Connect to existing sewer mainConnect to existing sewer main

2.2. Construct own STP (Advice on reserve & Construct own STP (Advice on reserve & 2.2. Construct own STP (Advice on reserve & Construct own STP (Advice on reserve & set back compliance)set back compliance)

3.3. Construct New Pump Station (NPS) Construct New Pump Station (NPS) advise on land reserve & set back advise on land reserve & set back compliancecompliance

SEWERAGE

-- Open plant > 30mOpen plant > 30m-- Enclosed plant >10mEnclosed plant >10m-- Pump station > 20mPump station > 20m

Buffer Zone RequirementBuffer Zone Requirement

Land Area RequirementLand Area Requirement-- Depend on the TOTAL PE of the developmentDepend on the TOTAL PE of the development

SEWERAGE PLAN:

STP Reserve & buffer zone

IN

OUT

SEWERAGE RETICULATION - design

Sewerage Reticulation Design (PDC/2)Sewerage Reticulation Design (PDC/2)

1. Maximum manhole spacing 0.8 m/s4. Maximum flow velocity < 4.0 m/s5. VCP, HDPE, Concrete or Cast Iron pipes6. Sewer discharge = 50 gal/person/day6. Sewer discharge = 50 gal/person/day7. Peak Factor = 4.7x(PE/1000)-0.11

8. Hazen-Williams Equation as stated below:

V = 0.849 CR0.63S0.54 Q = AVV = velocity in meters per secondC = Hazen-Williams coefficientR = A/P = 0.25DD = diameter in millimeter S = pipe gradient

SEWERAGE RETICULATION - Design

Sewerage Reticulation Design Sheet

SEWERAGE RETICULATION

HDPE Pipe

VCP Pipe

Laying of sewer pipe & Manhole Concrete Pipe

SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Compact STP

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Design Effluent Discharge

1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD5

SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Mechanical STP extended aeration plant

Aerated Lagoon Plant

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WATER SUPPLY

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WATER SUPPLY

Water Resources & water treatment

Domestic water supply

WATER SUPPLY - ScopeScope

From Water Main Apply to local water authority

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Suction, pumping or reservoir, if required

Distribution net work

WATER SUPPLY

Design GuidelinesDesign Guidelines SPANs Guidelines UNIFORM TECHNICAL GUIDELINES

WATER RETICULATION AND PLUMBING

Water Demand calculations refer to SPANs Table

Determine Highest Supply Level (HSL)Determine Highest Supply Level (HSL)

WATER SUPPLY

Design complianceDesign compliance

1. Maximum head losses gradient 7.5m4. Minimum residual head above the highest supply level (HSL) > 7.5m5. Minimum residual pressure above the highest supply level shall (HSL) >

4.5m where supply is directly from elevated storage tank.

6. Minimum residual pressure > 7.5m from platform level based on average flow plus fire flow analysis.

7. Maximum residual pressure at any node < 30.0m for both peak flow and fire flow analysis.

8. For average flow plus fire flow analysis, draw-off at 300 gpm (22.73 lps) is used for one hydrant.

9. Minimum pipe size of reticulation main shall be 150mm diameter.

WATER SUPPLY

Design Design HARDY CROSS MethodHARDY CROSS MethodThe network analysis for water distribution system is using Hardy Cross method and Hazen-Williams equation:

Hf = 10.7 Q1.85

C1.85 D4.87

whereHf = frictional head loss (m)C = pipe roughness coefficient, 100Q = flow in pipe (m3/s)D = internal diameter of pipe (m)

WATER SUPPLY

Design Design result tableresult table

Ensure the residual head is MORE than 7.6m

EXTERNAL WATER PLAN:

WATER SUPPLY

SUCTION TANK, PUMPING STATION & RESERVOIRSUCTION TANK, PUMPING STATION & RESERVOIRThe need depends on the location, water demand of the

development.

Elevated reservoir = 2/3 Storage2/3 Storage

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Pump housePump house

WATER SUPPLY

SUCTION TANK, PUMPING STATION & RESERVOIRSUCTION TANK, PUMPING STATION & RESERVOIR

Determine BWL for reticulation

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Incoming MUST able to reach Incoming MUST able to reach Suction Tank InletSuction Tank Inlet

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