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Page 1: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

Extent of Injury Analysis Section of a Designated Doctor Report

In addition to the basic requirements of a designated doctor narrative report in 28 TAC Rule

127.220, a narrative on extent of injury may include the following information:

I. Injury in Question (Box 36C of the DWC Form-032)

State injuries in question as listed in Box 36C, and define and describe each injury in medical terms.

Note: Extent of Injury is a specific question as to a specific injury as listed in Box 36C. Failure to use the exact terms aslisted in Box 36C to refer to the injury may result in a letter of clarification, or a report not being adopted. If there areother medical terms used in the report to refer to the injury in question as listed in Box 36C, explain or clarify that to thereader by stating these terms are synonyms, one is inclusive of the other, etc. If there are injuries that can be groupedtogether as the same, or part of the same medical process, explain such grouping.

ii. Accident/Incident (Mechanism of Injury)

Describe the accident/incident (mechanism of injury). Include any account described and who gave it. (i.e.Claimant told me during the exam, or treating doctor describes in the notes on 1/1/2018.)

Ill. Clinical Findings and Timeline in Support of Causation Analysis

Provide the relevant findings contained in the medical records, history and physical exam. Where applicable,detail symptom onset relative to the timeline of the medical history.

In your review and detail of the above, pay particular attention to the following in relation to the injury in question (Box36C):

a. Did the injury in question exist prior to the work-related accident or incident (mechanism of injury)?b. Was the injury in question present during the physical examination?

IV. Analysis of Clinical Findings and Timeline

Provide an analysis based on the findings from Sections II and ill above, and any other relevant supportingfactors to explain the basis for the opinion regarding the injury in question (Box 36C).

Pay particular attention to the following in relation to the causation analysis for the injury in question (Box 36C), andexplain all that are applicable:

a. Consider whether the timeline of symptom onset was consistent with the work-related injury, including relevantmedical records prior to the injury, proximate to the time of injury, as well as post-injury treatment and testing.

b. Is this type of work-related accident/incident (mechanism of injury) consistent or inconsistent with the injury inquestion?

If evidence-based medicine is available, then explain how it supports that the work-related accident/ incident (mechanismof injury) caused or did not cause the injury in question (Box 36C).

v. Medical/Legal Causation Opinion Statement

SAMPLE CONCLUSION TEXT“Based on the above referenced reasons, it is my medical opinion, based upon my education, training, and experience,and within reasonable medical probability that (the work-related accident/incident! mechanism of injury) caused or didnot cause the injury in question (Box 36C). I find that the compensable injury of (mm/dd/yyyy) was! was not a substantialfactor in bringing about the additional claimed injury or condition (Box 36C), and without it, the additional injury orcondition (Box 36C) would not have occurred. Specifically, it does or does not extend to include (Box 36C).”

**DWC does not require use of this form, and additionally, this form is not applicable in all cases. DDs must adhere to all applicable rulesregarding reporting requirements and this form is neither a substitute nor an addendum to those requirements. This form is an exampleof expert causation analysis where extent of injury is an issue, and is not a comment on whether expert testimony is required to establishcausation as to this, or any other specific injury. Whether expert testimony is required to establish causation for an injury is adetermination that is made at the hearings level on a case by case basis.

Page 2: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

DWC Sample without EBM for

Extent of Injury Analysis Section of DD Report

I. Injury in Question

A lateral malleolus fracture is a fracture of the distal fibula, also referred to synonymously in the medical recordsas

_____________

II. Accident/Injuryf Mechanism of Injury)

As stated in the E.R. records, the injured employee stepped off a curb while at work in the Metro Center ParkingLot on March 15, 2017. According to the injured employee’s account, which was given shortly after the accidentand further explained to me during the exam, he “missed the ground” and twisted his ankle, falling on his rightside.

Ill. Clinical Findings, Timeline and Literature in Support of Causation Analysis

There is no reference in the medical records, and the injured employee specifically denies ever having had anyinjury or any treatment to the right ankle prior to the accident on March 15, 2017.

X-rays on March 15, 2017, clearly documented an acute fracture of the right lateral malleolus. Subsequent xrays dated December 17, 2017, demonstrate a healed fracture of the right lateral malleolus. Although anunhealed fracture is not present upon my exam, both my exam and the medical records indicate a priorunhealed fracture of the right lateral malleolus was present immediately after the fall on March 15, 2017. Thatfracture resolved! healed prior to my exam of the injured employee.

Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall anddiagnosed with a fracture of his right hip. The right hip fracture is not the injury question. The injuredemployee also complained at the emergency room of sudden and severe pain in his right ankle upon falling.Within an hour of the injury, the injured employee had significant swelling and bruising of his right ankle, andthe ankle was tender to the touch. It is an unknown if the employee was able to bear weight on the ankle, as hiship fracture prevented him from walking. The symptoms of the fracture of the right lateral malleolus appearedimmediately following the injury, which is when you would expect to see such symptoms appear if a sprain orfracture did exist as a result of the fall. X-rays taken within two hours of the injury revealed a fracture on thelower part of the right lateral malleolus.

IV. Analysis of Clinical Findings and Timeline:

Based on the findings that the injured employee had significant swelling and bruising of his right ankle, thesymptoms of the fracture of the right lateral malleolus appeared immediately following the injury, and x-raystaken within two hours of the injury revealed a fracture on the lower part of the right lateral malleolus, Iconclude that the timing of the fracture of the right lateral malleolus is consistent with the fall on March 15,

** DWC does not require use of this form, and additionally, that this form is not applicable in all cases. DDs must adhereto all applicable rules regarding reporting requirements and this form is neither a substitute nor an addendum to thoserequirements.

Page 3: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

2017. The proximity in time of the symptom onset and positive films indicating a fracture to the right lateralmalleolus indicate that the fall on March 15, 2017 caused the fracture of the right lateral malleolus.

As previously stated, the lack of any medical documentation, and the specific denial by the injured employee,support that there was no fracture to the right lateral malleolus prior to the fall on March 15, 2017. This lendsfurther support to my opinion that the fall was the cause of the injury in question, because had the injury inquestion been present prior to the fall on March 15, 2017, it is reasonable that there would be medical recordsevidencing a fracture of the right lateral malleolus and treatment for same that pre-date March 15, 2017.

Further, the mechanism of injury—falling off a curb and twisting his ankle—is consistent with the fracture of theright lateral malleolus. Twisting the ankle while falling and putting weight on the joint from the height of a curbcaused torquing forces to the injured employee’s right ankle joint, which stressed and exceeded the strength ofthe joint structures of his right ankle and produced the fracture of the right lateral malleolus.

V. Medical/Legal Causation Opinion Statement

For the above referenced reasons; the relevant clinical and exam findings, the relevant medical history, thesymptom timeline, and the mechanism of injury as described above, it is my medical opinion, based upon myeducation, training, and experience, and within reasonable medical probability that stepping off of the curb andtwisting the right ankle caused the fracture of the right lateral malleolus. I find that the mechanism of injury ofMarch 15, 2017 was a substantial factor in bringing about the fracture of the right lateral malleolus, and withoutit, the fracture of the right lateral malleolus would not have occurred. Specifically, the compensable injuryextends to and includes the fracture of the right lateral malleolus.

** DWC does not require use of this form, and additionally, that this form is not applicable in all cases. DDs must adhereto all applicable rules regarding reporting requirements and this form is neither a substitute nor an addendum to thoserequirements.

Page 4: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

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Page 5: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

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Page 6: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

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cati

nga

frac

ture

toth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

usin

dica

teth

atth

efa

llon

Mar

ch15

,20

17ca

used

the

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

us.

As

prev

ious

lyst

ated

,th

ela

ckof

any

med

ical

docu

men

tati

on,

and

the

spec

ific

deni

alby

the

inju

red

empl

oyee

,su

ppor

tth

atth

ere

was

nofr

actu

reto

the

righ

tla

tera

lm

al[e

olus

prio

rto

the

fall

onM

arch

15,

2017

.T

his

lend

sfu

rthe

rsu

ppor

tto

my

opin

ion

that

the

fall

was

the

caus

eof

the

inju

ryin

ques

tion

,be

caus

eha

dth

ein

jury

inqu

esti

onbe

enpr

esen

tpr

ior

toth

efa

llon

Mar

ch15

,20

17,

itis

reas

onab

leth

atth

ere

wou

ldbe

med

ical

reco

rds

evid

enci

nga

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

usan

dtr

eatm

ent

for

sam

eth

atpr

e-da

teM

arch

15,

2017

.

Fur

ther

,th

em

echa

nism

ofin

jury

—fa

llin

gof

fa

curb

and

twis

ting

his

ankl

e—is

cons

iste

ntw

ith

the

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

us.

Tw

isti

ngth

ean

kle

whi

lefa

llin

gan

dpu

ttin

gw

eigh

ton

the

join

tfr

omth

ehe

ight

ofa

curb

caus

edto

rqui

ngfo

rces

toth

ein

jure

dem

ploy

ee’s

righ

tan

kle

join

t,w

hich

stre

ssed

and

exce

eded

the

stre

ngth

ofth

ejo

int

stru

ctur

esof

his

righ

tan

kle

and

prod

uced

the

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

us.

**D

WC

does

not

requ

ire

use

ofth

isfo

rm,

and

addi

tion

ally

,th

atth

isfo

rmis

not

appl

icab

lein

all

case

s.D

Ds

mus

tad

here

toal

lap

plic

able

rule

sre

gard

ing

repo

rtin

gre

quir

emen

tsan

dth

isfo

rmis

neit

her

asu

bsti

tute

nor

anad

dend

umto

thos

ere

quir

emen

ts.

Thi

sfo

rmis

anex

ampl

eof

expe

rtca

usat

ion

anal

ysis

whe

reex

tent

ofin

jury

isan

issu

e,an

dis

not

aco

mm

ent

onw

heth

erex

pert

test

imon

yis

requ

ired

toes

tabl

ish

caus

atio

nas

toth

is,

oran

yot

her

spec

ific

inju

ry.

Whe

ther

expe

rtte

stim

ony

isre

quir

edto

esta

blis

hca

usat

ion

for

anin

jury

isa

dete

rmin

atio

nth

atis

mad

eat

the

hear

ings

leve

lon

aca

seby

case

basi

s.

v.M

edic

al/L

egal

Cau

sati

on

Opi

nion

Sta

tem

ent

Co

nsid

eration

sD

WC

Sam

ple

Report

Language

(E

xam

ple

without

EB

M)

SA

MP

LE

CO

NC

LU

SIO

NT

EX

TF

orth

eab

ove

refe

renc

edre

ason

s;th

ere

leva

ntcl

inic

alan

dex

amfi

ndin

gs,

the

“Bas

edon

the

abov

ere

fere

nced

reas

ons,

itis

my

med

ical

opin

ion,

base

dre

leva

ntm

edic

alhi

stor

y,th

esy

mpt

omti

mel

ine,

and

the

mec

hani

smof

inju

ryas

upon

my

educ

atio

n,tr

aini

ng,

and

expe

rien

ce,

and

wit

hin

reas

onab

lem

edic

alde

scri

bed

abov

e,it

ism

ym

edic

alop

inio

n,ba

sed

upon

my

educ

atio

n,tr

aini

ng,

prob

abil

ity

that

(the

wor

k-re

late

dac

cide

nt/i

ncid

ent!

mec

hani

smof

inju

ry)

and

expe

rien

ce,

and

wit

hin

reas

onab

lem

edic

alpr

obab

ilit

yth

atst

eppi

ngof

fof

caus

edor

did

not

caus

eth

ein

jury

inqu

esti

on(B

ox36

C).

Ifin

dth

atth

eth

ecu

rban

dtw

isti

ngth

eri

ght

ankl

eca

used

the

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

com

pens

able

inju

ryof

(mm

/’dd

/yyy

y)w

as!

was

not

asu

bsta

ntia

lfa

ctor

inm

alle

olus

.I

find

that

the

mec

hani

smof

inju

ryof

Mar

ch15

,20

17w

asa

brin

ging

about

the

addi

tion

alcl

aim

edin

jury

orco

ndit

ion

(Box

36C

),an

dsu

bsta

ntia

lfa

ctor

inbr

ingi

ngab

out

the

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

us,

and

wit

hout

it,th

ead

diti

onal

inju

ryor

cond

itio

n(B

ox36

C)

wou

ldno

tha

vew

itho

utit,

the

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

usw

ould

not

have

occu

rred

.

occu

rred

.Sp

ecif

ical

ly,

itdo

esor

does

not

exte

ndto

incl

ude

(Box

36C

).”S

peci

fica

lly,

the

com

pens

able

inju

ryex

tend

sto

and

incl

udes

the

frac

ture

ofth

eri

ght

late

ral

mal

leol

us.

Page 7: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

Some Resources for Obtaining Evidence

1. Official Disability Guidelines (ODG) — “Causality” or “Causation” tab in relevant ProcedureSummary

2. Reed Group Disability Guidelines (MDGuidelines or Medical Disability Guidelines) “Risk andCausation” tab for relevant condition.

3. AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation by Melhorn, Ta Image, Ackermanand Hyman 2nd Edition, 2013

4. Medline/PubMed: http://medlineplus.gov/

5. TRIP: Turning Research Into Practice: http://www.tripdatabase.com/index.html

6. Guidelines.gov: http://guidelines.gov

7. Medscape: http://www.medscape.com/

8. eMedicine /Medscape: http://emedicine.medscape.com/

9. Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopedics Online: http://www.wheelessonline.com]10. JAMA: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/journal.aspx

11. Spine: http://www.spinejournal.com

12. The Spine Journal (NASS): http://www.thespinejournalonline.com/

13. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: http://ibis.org/

14. Journal of Orthopedic Research: http://www.ors.org/ journal-of-orthopaedic-research/15. Annals of Internal Medicine: http://www.annals.org/

16. American College of Radiology: http://www.acr.org/

17. British Journal of Medicine: http://www.bmi.com/

1$. Lancet: http://www.thelancet.com/

19. Centre for Evidenced Based Medicine: http://www.cebm .net/index.aspx?o=101120. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics: http://www.imptonline.org/

21. Journal of Family Practice: http://www.jfponline.com/

Page 8: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

Library Resources

You may want to consider working with a reference librarian to help you obtain relevant evidence.Here’s a list of some library resources in Texas:

http:/Jnnlm .gov/scr/outreach/texas. html

Resource Libraries

Resource Libraries are major health sciences libraries selected by the NN/LM 5CR on the basis of thequality and size of collections or uniqueness of materials in their collections which add significantly tothe resources of the region.

• Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library

• Texas A&M University Medical Sciences Library

• Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Libraries of the Health Sciences

• University of North Texas Health Science Center, Gibson D. Lewis Library

• University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Library

• University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Research Medical Library

• University of Texas Medical Branch Moody Medical Library

• University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Library

Also:

• Texas Medical Association http://www.texmed.org/Ask A Librarian.aspx

Also see “How to order articles” handout about the National Library of Medicine’s Loansome

Doc (https://docline.gov/loansome/login.cfm) ordering system, which allows users to order fulltext copies of articles found in PubMed/MEDLINE® from a medical library (local fees anddelivery methods can vary).

Page 9: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

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Page 10: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

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Page 11: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCEDivision of Workers’ Compensation fMS-603)7551 Metro Center Drive, Suite 100, Austin, Texas 787444645

(512) 804-4010 I F: (512) 804-4011 I (800) 252-7031 I TDI.texas.gov I @TexasTDI

Presiding Officer’s Directive to Order Designated Doctor Exam

I. Injured Employee InformationEmployee Name Employee Address

Exam Type DWC # Sequence Employee SSNEJ Initial ERe-Exam -

Date of Birth Date of Injury Telephone Number

Does the claim involve medical benefits provided through a Certified Workers’ Compensation Health Care Network or apolitical subdivision pursuant to 504.053(b)(2) of the Texas Labor Code, relating to directly contracting with health careproviders or contracting through a health benefits pool? Yes El NoIf Yes, name of network or health care plan:

II. Other Contact InformationPhone Number Ext. Fax Number

Employee Representative or Assistant (OIEC) Name

Insurance Carrier/Adjuster Name

Insurance Carrier Rep Present at Hearing

Treating Doctor Name License Number License Type Phone Number

III. Reason for Exam (See Page 2, Section V. regarding Presiding Officer’s Specific Instructions for Examination)

Reason (check all that apply) Additional Information

LI A. Maximum Medical Improvement Statutory MMI Date (if any): (mm/dd/yyyy)

LI B. Impairment Rating MMI Date (Only if Box A of this section is Not Checked): (mm/dd/yyyy)

LI C. Extent of Injury Specific information should be included in Section V of this directive (page 2)

LI D. Disability — Direct Result Period to be assessed: From: to (mm/dd/yyyy) PresentEnding date cannot be a future date. Check “present”, if no specific ending date.

LI E. Return to Work Period to be assessed: From: to (mm/dd/yyyy) Present

LI F. Return to Work Period to be assessed: From: to (mm/dd/yyyy) Present(Supplemental Income Benefits) Is the above qualifying period applicable to the 9th quarter (or a subsequent

quarter) of supplemental income benefits? Yes Q No

LI G. Other similar issues Specific information should be included in Section V of this directive (page 2)

IV. Body Areas/Diagnoses to be Assessed by the Designated Doctorre-examination, should a new Designated Doctor be assjd? LI Yes fl No Current DD

LI Spine and Musculoskeletal Structures of Torso LI Spinal Cord Injury

LI Upper Extremities LI Severe Burns (including chemical burns)

Lower Extremities (excluding feet) LI Multiple Fractures, Joint Dislocation, Hip or Pelvis Fracture

LI Feet LI Infectious Diseases (complicated)

LI Teeth and Jaw Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

LI Eyes Chemical Exposure

LI Other Body Areas/Systems— LI Heart or Cardiovascular Condition

LI Traumatic Brain Injury LI Mental and Behavioral Disorders

HRG-04-TM-04 Directive to Order DD v.4.0 Page 1 of 2

Page 12: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

Employee Name DWC # Seq Employee SSN Date of Birth Date of Injury

V. Presiding Officer’s Specific Instructions for Examination

Presiding Officer (Printed Name) Signature Date

HRG-04-TM-04 Directive to Order DD v.4.0 Page 2 of 2

Page 13: in medical terms. injury Accident/Incident (Mechanism of ... · Based on the E.R. records, the injured employee was seen at the emergency room shortly after his fall and diagnosed

Resource Type Version Website

Medline/PubMedDatabase bibliographic

FREE - Unfiltered http://medlineplus.gov/

Guidelines.gov Website FREE http://guidelines.govTRIP: Turning Research Into Practice

Website/ Database Oxford

FREE - Pre-filtered http://www.tripdatabase.com/index.html

Evidence based Medicine (BMJ)JournalWebsite

Subscription Print/Electronic

Annals of Internal Medicine JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

http://www.annals.org

JAMA JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

British Journal of Medicine JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

Lancet JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

Journal of Family Practice (JFP)

Journal;*POEMS *PURLS*Applied Evidence*Answers to Common

Clinical Questions

Suscription Print/ Electronic

http://www.jfponline.com

Bandolier Website FREE - Pre-filtered http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/Bandolier/

Spine JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

http://www.spinejournal.com

Journal of Bone and JointSurgery (American)

JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

American Journal of SportsMedicine

JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

Rheumatology Website http://www.rheumatology.org/publications/primarycare/

Journal of Orthopaedic andSports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)

JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

Journal of Clinical Outcomes and Management

JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

PEDroPhysical Therapy website

WebsiteDatabase

FREE - Filtered http://www.pedro.org.au/

Index to the Chiropractic Literature

Database: Bibliographic

FREE - Unfiltered http://www.chiroindex.org/

Journal of Manipulative andPhysical Therapy (JMPT)

Journal Electronic/Print http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ymmt

Journal of Clinical Outcomes and Management

JournalSubscription Print/ Electronic

Centre for Evidence-basedMedicine

Website FREE http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1011

Additional Resources for Obtaining Evidence