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Advanced Paradigms for Building Convergent Next Generation Services. Service Composition and Service Brokerage in Multimedia Architectures
Dr. Sorin [email protected]
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu2
Agenda
NG Service Platform Multimedia Services Ontology Service Composition Patterns Adding Semantics to Service
Composition Enhancing the Business Model
through Service Brokerage
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu3
Next Generation Networks Evolution Drivers
Societal and Business trends
• Internet is becoming a major enabler of communications
• Consumers are embracing computing, mobile and digital technology in their everyday life
• Evolution of Business models require increased levels of personal mobility
Societal and Business trends
• Internet is becoming a major enabler of communications
• Consumers are embracing computing, mobile and digital technology in their everyday life
• Evolution of Business models require increased levels of personal mobility
Access Technology Enhancements
• HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) – evolved WCDMA
• OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) – 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, MBWA, ADSL/VDSL, DVB-T/H etc.
• Spatial Processing – multi-antennas Base Stations supporting advanced spatial processing
Access Technology Enhancements
• HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) – evolved WCDMA
• OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) – 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, MBWA, ADSL/VDSL, DVB-T/H etc.
• Spatial Processing – multi-antennas Base Stations supporting advanced spatial processing
Convergence
• Converged devices (Mobile, WLAN, Internet etc.) Connectivity
• Converged services Ease of use
• Converged networks Reliability, Security, Reduced OPEX/CAPEX
• Converged business models Increased margins, Avoidance of twin pitfalls risk
Convergence
• Converged devices (Mobile, WLAN, Internet etc.) Connectivity
• Converged services Ease of use
• Converged networks Reliability, Security, Reduced OPEX/CAPEX
• Converged business models Increased margins, Avoidance of twin pitfalls risk
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu4
The Evolution to Multimedia ApplicationsA Mobile View
Non-Interactive Multimedia
Image
SMS
MMS
Presence
Activephonebook
Push-To-Talk
Text
Voice
Voice
P2P Calls
Video
Person-to-Person dominates traffic growth
Movies
PhotosInternet
Text/Pictures
SMS/MMS
HTTP
Streaming
Download
VideoMusic
Ring tonePerson-to-Content known usability patterns
Interactive MultimediaMultimedia
Content
Social Networking
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu5
IMS – 3GPP Architecture for Convergent Next Generation Services
• IMS is an open IP-based architecture using the Client-Server Network Computing model.
• 3GPP originally specified IMS to enable real-time multimedia services over the IP bearer, in GSM and W-CDMA networks.
• Later, 3GPP2 specified the MMD architecture for CDMA2000 networks based on IMS. 3GPP2 requirements are part of Common IMS in IMS release 8.
• The xDSL access, specified by TISPAN, is integrated into IMS.
• The cable access, specified by CableLabs in PacketCable 2.0, is part of IMS release 8.
• Interworking with WLAN was specified in IMS release 6, while the mobility with WiMAX has been addressed in EPC specifications.
If IMS is not used:
Multimedia communication at best effort
Service roaming can be difficult to implement
Provisioning and charging are service specific
Compliance with LI requirements can be an issue
If IMS is not used:
Multimedia communication at best effort
Service roaming can be difficult to implement
Provisioning and charging are service specific
Compliance with LI requirements can be an issue
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu6
IMS Service Routing – the IFCs
P-CSCF
Vis
ited
A
P-CSCF Vis
ited
B
S-CSCF
IMS ASHSS
S-CSCF
IMS ASHSS
I-CSCF
12
3
4
Hom
e A
Hom
e B
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
• In comparison to IETF SIP Routing where the originator of SIP request may specify a preferred path in the Route header, in IMS the P-CSCF removes this path and ensures that IMS SIP Routing is followed.
• SIP requests in IMS architecture are always routed to the Home S-CSCF, in both the originating and terminating network.
• The S-CSCF uses subscriber’s Service Profile (downloaded during registration), to link-in the SIP AS’ which will process the SIP request.
• The Initial Filter Criteria (IFC) within the Subscriber Profile provide a simple service logic to decide which AS shall be linked-in. These rules are of static nature i.e. they do not change frequently.
IMS Service Routing = Service Profile based Routing
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu7
Limitations of ISC Service Orchestration Model
• The application server decides whether to remain linked-in for the whole session by adding its address to the Record-Route SIP header.
• Application Servers are unaware of the existence of other AS', and whether these will be linked-in.
• No service or session state will be passed between application servers unless they use proprietary extensions i.e. are co-designed.
• Response messages are routed to the AS’s in the reverse order
S-CSCFHSS
SIP-AS SIP-ASSIP-AS
I-CSCF
S-CSCFHSS
SIP-AS SIP-ASSIP-AS
I-CSCF
• If during call handling procedure an AS retargets the SIP request by changing the Request URI, subsequent filter analysis in the S-CSCF is stopped and the S-CSCF forwards the request towards the new target without linking-in the other AS’ specified by IFC.
Req URI = A Req URI = B
1 2
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu8
NG Service PlatformThe IMS-based Design
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu9
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NG Service PlatformFunctional Description
Service Composition
Service Brokerage
Service Discovery
Service Mediation
Web 2.0
RSS
REST
OpenSocial
AJAX
IT/BusinessPartners
Semantic WSWS
IMS & Non-IMSEnablers
Native API
Parlay X WS
Service Composition
Service Composition
Service Brokerage
Service Brokerage
Service Discovery
Service Discovery
Service Mediation
Service Mediation
Web 2.0
RSS
REST
OpenSocial
AJAX
IT/BusinessPartners
Semantic WSWS
IMS & Non-IMSEnablers
Native API
Parlay X WS
Service Composition:
• Invokes the services published by external Service Providers which are interconnected in a Service Overlay Network.
• Services can be linked in statically (BPEL workflows) or dynamically, using their semantic description (OWL-S)
• Corresponds to the network-centric composition model => lower complexity of client implementation.
Service Mediation:
• Mediates service protocols, data format, identity, security features, business processes
Service Brokerage:
• Negotiates with other brokers in the Service Overlay Network the services which the Service Composition function will invoke.
• Uses context information to bind services based on dynamic conditions.
Service Discovery:
• Publishes local services and performs service searches in the Service Overlay Network.
• Searches can be static (UDDI queries) or dynamic (UDDI queries with constrains, SWS Proxy queries).
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu11
Agenda
NG Service Platform Multimedia Services Ontology Service Composition Patterns Adding Semantics to Service
Composition Enhancing the Business Model
through Service Brokerage
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu12
Service Modeling using Ontologies
Gruber, 1993:
“An Ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization of a domain.”
• Formal = unambiguous, machine understandable, described using a formal language
• Explicit = precise, clarifying the subject
• Conceptualization = abstract representation of the object of study
Gruber, 1993:
“An Ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization of a domain.”
• Formal = unambiguous, machine understandable, described using a formal language
• Explicit = precise, clarifying the subject
• Conceptualization = abstract representation of the object of study
• Ontologies consist of a set of axioms which place constrains on classes of individuals, and the types of relationships allowed between them.
• Can be described in graphical form (ex. RDF, UML) or logical form (ex. Description Logic, Rules).
• Ontologies consist of a set of axioms which place constrains on classes of individuals, and the types of relationships allowed between them.
• Can be described in graphical form (ex. RDF, UML) or logical form (ex. Description Logic, Rules).
Semantic Web Stack
User Interface and Applications
Trust
Enc
rypt
ion
Proof
RIF/ SWRL OWL
Logic
RDFS
SPARQL
RDF
XML
URI Unicode
RDF/S = Resource Description Framework / Schema
OWL = Ontology Web Language
SWRL = Semantic Web Rule Language
RIF = Rules Interchange Format
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Multimedia Services Ontology
• Multimedia Services Ontology is a sub-ontology of Multimedia Ontology which is associated to Multimedia Communication domain.
• Multimedia Ontology makes multimedia services provided by various Service Providers (Telecom, IT, Web 2.0) interoperable.
• Multimedia Services Ontology is a sub-ontology of Multimedia Ontology which is associated to Multimedia Communication domain.
• Multimedia Ontology makes multimedia services provided by various Service Providers (Telecom, IT, Web 2.0) interoperable.
Constructs of the ontology:
• Syntactic/semantic description of offered services (WSDL/OWL)
• Description of mediation functions that can be linked-in at run-time
• Description of data published
• Specification of communication protocols
• Description of Service Composition framework. Should include, if applicable, the description of the language used to specify the semantic composition
Constructs of the ontology:
• Syntactic/semantic description of offered services (WSDL/OWL)
• Description of mediation functions that can be linked-in at run-time
• Description of data published
• Specification of communication protocols
• Description of Service Composition framework. Should include, if applicable, the description of the language used to specify the semantic composition
MultimediaOntology
ServicesSub-ontology
IdentitySub-ontology
PresenceSub-ontology
ContentSub-ontology
SecuritySub-ontology
ContextSub-ontology
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu14
Agenda
NG Service Platform Multimedia Services Ontology Service Composition Patterns Adding Semantics to Service
Composition Enhancing the Business Model
through Service Brokerage
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Service Oriented Computing (SOC)
Service composition types:
Service Orchestration = centralized engine which coordinates composed services according to a set of rules (workflow specification)
Service Choreography = multiple actors/agents participate at the implementation of service composition (orchestration between every pair of choreographers)
Service composition types:
Service Orchestration = centralized engine which coordinates composed services according to a set of rules (workflow specification)
Service Choreography = multiple actors/agents participate at the implementation of service composition (orchestration between every pair of choreographers)
Distributed Computing Evolution
Message Driven (MOM)
Components (Corba, EJB)
Client/Server
Service Oriented (SOA, Web 3.0)
In SOC, applications are statically/dynamically composed using services deployed in the network. The collaboration model can be transactional (synchronous), or workflow-based (asynchronous)
SOA is one possible realization framework of SOC. The communication paradigm typically used in SOA is Web Services
Web Services are:
− Published (WSDL, OWL, SWSF)
− Deployed
− Discovered (UDDI, WSMO)
− Invoked (SOAP)
In SOC, applications are statically/dynamically composed using services deployed in the network. The collaboration model can be transactional (synchronous), or workflow-based (asynchronous)
SOA is one possible realization framework of SOC. The communication paradigm typically used in SOA is Web Services
Web Services are:
− Published (WSDL, OWL, SWSF)
− Deployed
− Discovered (UDDI, WSMO)
− Invoked (SOAP)
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu16
Service Oriented Computing (cont.)Static Service Composition
DeveloperStudio
End UserStudio
Service Creation Environment
Publish
UDDI
CompositionEngine
Discover
User / Service Profile
User context
BPELRules
Ambient context
Service Discoveryand Publication
Temporal context
BrokerContext
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu17
Web 2.0 in SOC landscape
Tim O’Reilly Web 2.0 definition:
The Web as a platform
Leverages customer data management (mash-ups) and user interaction model. Hence the challenge is to own core data (presence, location, identity, namespaces)
Promotes service evolution through user contributions.
The API’s exposed are simple enough so anybody can innovate.
No more software release cycles. Services are permanently in beta release.
Syndication of data instead of control. The data owner is actually paid by the advertisers.
Multi-device client (ex. Google/Open Handset Alliance Android mobile platform)
Rich user experience
Podcast
Wiki
Weblog
Folksonomy
Mashup
Share & Consume Share & Consume
News
Web 2.0
PodcastPodcast
WikiWiki
WeblogWeblog
FolksonomyFolksonomy
MashupMashup
Share & Consume Share & Consume
NewsNews
Web 2.0
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu18
Web 2.0 Design Elements
Devices
Transport / Control Layer
Service Enablers
Application
Social APIs
Social Applications• Blogs, Wikis, IM & Chat
• Buddy List, Mashups
• Publishing, Content Sharing
• Open APIs: REST, RSS, JSON, SOAP, XML• Widgets: OpenSocial, Web Widgets, Gadgets, Badges• Syndication: RSS, ATOM
OpenSocial highlights:
• Based on open standards (XML, HTML, Javascript, ATOM and REST). Uses Google Gadgets FW.
• Can be combined with OpenID (common identity framework).
• Personal data moves from site to site.
• Each API addresses one area: People & Friends, Activities, Persistence, General API.
OpenSocial highlights:
• Based on open standards (XML, HTML, Javascript, ATOM and REST). Uses Google Gadgets FW.
• Can be combined with OpenID (common identity framework).
• Personal data moves from site to site.
• Each API addresses one area: People & Friends, Activities, Persistence, General API.
Mashup highlights:
• Aggregation of data centric network services using asynchronous interactions (AJAX)
• Implemented with client/server or three-tier architectures:
– Content/API provider: shares mashable data objects typically retrieved using RSS, ATOM, SOAP, REST interfaces or “Screen Scraping”
– Mashup hosting site (in three-tier architecture): server which aggregates data using Java Servlets, CGI, PHP or ASP.
– Mashup client: uses client scripts (JavaScript) or applets to allow support of Rich Internet Applications (RIA)
• Data may be cached in the client device (SQLite)
Mashup highlights:
• Aggregation of data centric network services using asynchronous interactions (AJAX)
• Implemented with client/server or three-tier architectures:
– Content/API provider: shares mashable data objects typically retrieved using RSS, ATOM, SOAP, REST interfaces or “Screen Scraping”
– Mashup hosting site (in three-tier architecture): server which aggregates data using Java Servlets, CGI, PHP or ASP.
– Mashup client: uses client scripts (JavaScript) or applets to allow support of Rich Internet Applications (RIA)
• Data may be cached in the client device (SQLite)
Social Network Diagram
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Service Composition in Web 2.0
• Compared to BPEL/WSCI developer-centric composition, Web 2.0 uses ad-hoc composition. The user builds the composite service “on-the-fly” from data retrieved from the network. Mobile devices (Smartphones) now have 128MB of RAM and 620 Mhz CPU, so Web 2.0 clients can now be mobile.
• Web 2.0 application design is performed by the end user who in essence, has low programming skills. The service composition is defined through interaction with a GUI.
Client controlled composition
• Development: client components use APIs to access server data
• Execution: components run on the client and pre-fetch data from the server
Server controlled composition (early stage)
• Development: the server uses public APIs to link services into new services
• Execution: the client invokes the server which acts as an orchestrator
Photo Storage Data Base Node Service
Application Logic
Page Logic API
Templates Endpoints
Email Flickr.com 3PP Appl. Flickr Appl
Flicker Architecture
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SOA Reference Model
Service Description
Visibility
Reachability
Functionality
Service
Service Interface
Interaction
Information model
Contract & Policy
Behavior model
Real world effect
SOA Service Description Model
What is SOA:
A paradigm which defines concepts and general techniques for the design, encapsulation and instantiation of reusable business functions using loosely coupled service interactions
SOA Reference Model:
Service
Service description
Interaction
Contract & Policy
Visibility
Execution Context
Real world effect
What is SOA:
A paradigm which defines concepts and general techniques for the design, encapsulation and instantiation of reusable business functions using loosely coupled service interactions
SOA Reference Model:
Service
Service description
Interaction
Contract & Policy
Visibility
Execution Context
Real world effect
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SOA Service Composition
SOA Characteristics
Services have well defined Service Contracts
Services are encapsulated
Services share a message bus and messages exchanged are well documented
Services can be discovered dynamically
Services are loosely coupled
Systems of services are assembled at runtime
SOA Characteristics
Services have well defined Service Contracts
Services are encapsulated
Services share a message bus and messages exchanged are well documented
Services can be discovered dynamically
Services are loosely coupled
Systems of services are assembled at runtime
Routing based on service identity (equivalent to PSI routing in IMS)
Service bus functions:
• Supports an asynchronous message based communication protocol that uses a common format encoding scheme (SOAP/XML)
• Routes, Translates and can Store and Forward exchanged messages
• Supports a Discovery mechanism
Service bus functions:
• Supports an asynchronous message based communication protocol that uses a common format encoding scheme (SOAP/XML)
• Routes, Translates and can Store and Forward exchanged messages
• Supports a Discovery mechanism
Application 1
EnablingService 1 AS1
EnablingService 2
AS2
EnablingService 3
Application 2
AS3
EnablingService 4
Appl 1
Terminal
Application 1
EnablingService 1 AS1
EnablingService 2
AS2
EnablingService 3
Application 2
AS3
EnablingService 4
Appl 1
TerminalClient
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu22
IMS-SOA ArchitectureService Enablers:
• Provide functionality which can be used by other end-user applications (ex. Location Service)
• Unaware of the context in which they are used. Only the consumer service is aware.
Service Bus
• Handles the communication between IMS Application Servers and the Service Enablers and the communication with SOA Application Servers.
• Optimized for Server-to-Server communication
• Besides providing support for standard open protocols (ex. SOAP), may provide support for Native Interface protocols (ex. MLP, MM7, SIP etc.)
Service Orchestration
• The consumer AS that invokes the Service Enabler implements the SCIM function. An external Service Broker may be used as well.
• IMS Service Enablers are invoked from SOA domain through the GW AS.
CSCF
IMS ASGW AS
Service Bus
SOA AS
UDDI
SOA
IMSOrig. network
SOAP/XML
SB APISB API
Schema
Service Contract
JSR 281
Enabler
SB API
SIP MLP
MM7
Heterogeneous Service Bus IMS-SOA Architecture
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu23
AS
HSS CSCF Mediaresources
Sh
ISC
H.2
48
IMS Core Network
Trusted DomainTrusted DomainAS
Parlay-X WS GW
WS Security,WS-Addressing
CustomizedCompound WS
IMS ServiceIMS ServiceEnablersEnablers
AS AS
Parlay-X, Customized interfaces
Parlay X Web Services
WS-I Basic Profile: WSDL + SOAP
WS-I Secure Profile: WSDL + SOAP + WS-Security • Parlay X Web Services is an abstraction of Parlay WS
• Parlay X WS GW acts as a Service Broker SCIM
• Enablers which only support WS-I Basic Profile are enhanced with additional WS functionality such as WS-Security, WS-Policy, WS-Addressing
• Services defined so far (17) cover: call control, messaging (SMS, MMS), payment, location, geocoding and mapping, presence etc.
• Described in WSDL. Service discovery is based on UDDI.
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu24
Agenda
NG Service Platform Multimedia Services Ontology Service Composition Patterns Adding Semantics to Service
Composition Enhancing the Business Model
through Service Brokerage
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The Semantic Web
Tim Berners-Lee, 2001:
“The Semantic Web looks at applications that enable transformations, by being able to take large amounts of data and be able to run models on the fly - whether these are financial models for oil futures, discovering the synergies between biology and chemistry researchers in the Life Sciences, or getting the best price and service on a new pair of hiking boots.”
Tim Berners-Lee, 2001:
“The Semantic Web looks at applications that enable transformations, by being able to take large amounts of data and be able to run models on the fly - whether these are financial models for oil futures, discovering the synergies between biology and chemistry researchers in the Life Sciences, or getting the best price and service on a new pair of hiking boots.”
Highlights:
• Information on the Web is machine understandable => automatic service discovery, invocation and composition.
• Modeled as a graph where nodes have semantic descriptions. In Web 1.0 and 2.0 node descriptions are only syntactic.
• Uses ontologies to represent elements of a domain and their relationships (OWL-S, SWSF, IRS-III, WSMO)
Highlights:
• Information on the Web is machine understandable => automatic service discovery, invocation and composition.
• Modeled as a graph where nodes have semantic descriptions. In Web 1.0 and 2.0 node descriptions are only syntactic.
• Uses ontologies to represent elements of a domain and their relationships (OWL-S, SWSF, IRS-III, WSMO)
Non-semantic web tag:
<item>cat</item>
Semantic web tag:
<item rdf:about=“http://dbpedia.org/resource/cat”>cat</item>
Semantic Web Stack
User Interface and Applications
Trust
Enc
rypt
ion
Proof
RIF/ SWRL OWL
Logic
RDFS
SPARQL
RDF
XML
URI Unicode
Semantic Web Stack
User Interface and Applications
Trust
Enc
rypt
ion
ProofProof
RIF/ SWRL OWL
Logic
RDFS
SPARQL
RDF
XML
URI Unicode
SWS
Service Profile
Semantic Modeling using OWL-S
Service Grounding
Service Model
prese
nted by
implements
interacts using
SWS = Semantic Web Service
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SWS Execution Engine
Semantic Execution Environment
• Performs semantic information processing and ontology reasoning in order to:
− discover and select the matching service
− mediate the data, the protocol or the business process associated to service invoked.
− invoke the service
• Supports both the orchestration and choreography paradigms
• Data exchanged by SWS is described as an ontology.
• Can be looked at as a SOA implementation which allows to add/remove components at run-time.
Web ServiceDiscovery
CompositionEngine
CommunicationHandler
Matchmaker
ServiceMediation
Semantic/OntologyReasoning
Resource DB
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Semantic Service Composition
Semantic Composition Paradigms:
• Action Based: the Reasoner uses the semantic description of discovered services to match requester goal at each composition step (run-time). Execution takes place directly through the grounding of the services.
• AI Planning: a task list is generated to achieve the composition objectives i.e. service selection and flow management. Compensation in case of failure and replanning is a challenge. Examples of AI Planning: Conditional Planning, Conformant Planning, Hierarchical Task Planning (HTP)
• Hybrid (Xplan): Combines guided local search with graph planning and a light form of HTP to produce a plan sequence of actions.
Semantic Composition Paradigms:
• Action Based: the Reasoner uses the semantic description of discovered services to match requester goal at each composition step (run-time). Execution takes place directly through the grounding of the services.
• AI Planning: a task list is generated to achieve the composition objectives i.e. service selection and flow management. Compensation in case of failure and replanning is a challenge. Examples of AI Planning: Conditional Planning, Conformant Planning, Hierarchical Task Planning (HTP)
• Hybrid (Xplan): Combines guided local search with graph planning and a light form of HTP to produce a plan sequence of actions.
There is not yet a unifying framework to allow interoperability between intelligent agents / reasoning engines.
There is not yet a unifying framework to allow interoperability between intelligent agents / reasoning engines.
Y Z
X
Z
X
Y
Planning- Set of actions
- Pos./neg. effects
- Initial state description
- User’s goal
Sequence
PDDXML Parser Topology Handler
Connectivity Graph
Goal Determination
Xplan-based Composition
Enforced Hill Climbing Engine
PDDXML plan
description
Planning Graph Generation
PDDXML problem,
domain description
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu28
Agenda
NG Service Platform Multimedia Services Ontology Service Composition Patterns Adding Semantics to Service
Composition Enhancing the Business Model
through Service Brokerage
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Service Brokerage in SOC
Service
Consumer
Service
Description
Service
Provider
invoke ( )
bindTo ( )
Service
Broker
find ( )
negotiate ( )
use offer
described in contains
description
Why we need Service Brokers:
Users are interested to customize service interaction model and run-time features based on context conditions (Ambient Intelligence, Location, Privacy Preferences etc.)
Control of the payment model. Users who do not want adds and are rather looking into QoS and Security/Privacy, need a Service Broker function in the network which can negotiate the service characteristics with multiple service providers based on user profile.
Why we need Service Brokers:
Users are interested to customize service interaction model and run-time features based on context conditions (Ambient Intelligence, Location, Privacy Preferences etc.)
Control of the payment model. Users who do not want adds and are rather looking into QoS and Security/Privacy, need a Service Broker function in the network which can negotiate the service characteristics with multiple service providers based on user profile.
User / Service Profile
User context
Ambient context
Temporal context
Broker Context decisions
Google business model:
Users accept advertising and profiling in return to freeservices. AsSense, AdWorks - advertisers/publishersor youTube - content providers/users, performbrokerage at business level.
Service Broker functions:
• Ranks services offered by the Service Providers based on service characteristics. It may do this autonomously (rules based negotiation), or by interacting with the user
• Matches the service interaction model with context conditions
• Performs identity and trust brokering
• Performs payment brokering
• Handles synchronization between fine-grained services
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Multimedia Service Composition and Service Brokerage Sorin Georgescu30
IMS Payment Brokerage
Goods/Service selection and negotiation User
Broker (Acquirer)
ASP (Merchant)
Issuer
Transaction Details
Transaction Credentials1
Transaction Credentials2
Authorize Transaction
Payment Credentials
Funds2
Bill
Funds1
Delivery
Transaction Record
Service Delivery Validation
The roles in Payment Model are similar to those in Credit Card industry:
− Consumer
− Merchant = Content Provider who publishes, supplies and sells content.
− Broker/Acquirer
− Issuer = Mobile Operator. The Operator uses its existing billing relationship with the consumer to charge for content.
The roles in Payment Model are similar to those in Credit Card industry:
− Consumer
− Merchant = Content Provider who publishes, supplies and sells content.
− Broker/Acquirer
− Issuer = Mobile Operator. The Operator uses its existing billing relationship with the consumer to charge for content.
• IMS services standardized so far (MMtel, PoC, Image/Video Share) have been deployed in the operator domain as their target are the telecom communities (mass deployments).
• Separate from these basic services, it is expected that many new community specific services (niche services) will be provided in the near future by Service Providers. These services use open communication protocols (instead of SIP) and do not handle charging of the user directly. Instead, they use their business and trust relationship with the operator, to delegate payment service.
• The Payment Brokerage function facilitates the establishment of the business relation between 3rd Party Content/Service Providers and mobile operators.
• IMS services standardized so far (MMtel, PoC, Image/Video Share) have been deployed in the operator domain as their target are the telecom communities (mass deployments).
• Separate from these basic services, it is expected that many new community specific services (niche services) will be provided in the near future by Service Providers. These services use open communication protocols (instead of SIP) and do not handle charging of the user directly. Instead, they use their business and trust relationship with the operator, to delegate payment service.
• The Payment Brokerage function facilitates the establishment of the business relation between 3rd Party Content/Service Providers and mobile operators.
Payment Model
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Conclusions
Recent deployments of Multimedia and VoIP services in the Telcom and the Internet domain, have determined a blurring of roles in the value chain while at the same time enabling new business models.
Next Generation Services Convergence requires:– Implementation of converged devices (multi-access devices)– Support of a multi-access edge network– Unified roaming and session management framework– Development of service enablers– Interoperability between the native Service Platform (SP) and external Service
Overlay Networks
The SP Interoperability Middleware has to provide support for:– Service Composition and Brokerage– Service Mediation– Service Discovery
Service Platform features like Multimodal Interaction, Interaction Management based on Ambient Intelligence, Content Management, Brokerage and Management of Semantic Information are desirable due to their significant impact on service usability.
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Thank you for your attention!
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