GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Increasing the Recovery Factor in Mature Oil & Gas Fields 15-16 October
Incremental Oil Recovery in Heavy
Oilfields through Active Flow Control
Devices
Pedro Zegarra Sanchez / Victor A. Huerta Quiñones
Baker Hughes / PETROPERU S.A
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Background
• Field Performance in Heavy Oilfields
• Inflow Control Devices (ICDs)
• Field Cases
• Conclusions
• Future
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Introduction
• Delaying water encroachment is a key issue to improve recovery in heavy oilfields.
• Technology advances in well completion address both water management and productivity improvement objectives.
• Inflow control devices (ICD´s) with isolation systems are a worldwide proved technology to reduce water production and increase heavy oil recovery, either in green or mature fields.
• The more accurate technology screening, the better field performance.
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Background: What is Heavy Oil?
50
20
45
40
30
10
0
°API
0,780
0,802
0,825
0,876
0,934
1,000
1,076
Densityg/cm³
Condensate
Light oil
Heavy oil
Extra heavy oil (<10000 mPa.s)
Tar sand/Bitumen (>10000 mPa.s)
Co
nve
ntio
na
lO
il
No
n-co
n-
ve
ntio
na
lO
il
API: American Petroleum InstituteAPI: American Petroleum Institute
ºAPI is a measure of the oil density!
~11.3ºAPI
API Viscosity
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Background: What is Heavy Oil?
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Background: Recovery Factor by Drive Mechanism and Type of Fluid
Type of Oil Density (gr/cc) API Primary (% of oil in situ) Secondary (% of oil in situ)
Extra Heavy > 1.0 8 – 10 1 - 5 -
Heavy 1.0 – 0.92 10.0 – 22.3 1 - 10 5 - 10
Midium 0.92 – 0.87 22.3 – 31.1 5 – 30 5 - 15
Light 0.87 – 0.83 31.1 - 39 10 - 40 10 - 25
Superlight < 0.83 > 39 10 - 45 15 - 30
Subandean Basin
Subandean Basin
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Edgewater Drive Bottomwater Drive
Conning Well Production with Water Coning
1998 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
100
101
102
103
104
105
Date
CORR-1002D
Oil Rate (Cal.Day) ( bbl/d )
Water Rate (Cal. Day) ( bbl/d )
Oil Cut ( % )
Cumulative Oil Production ( Mbbl )
PRD.DAYS ( days )
Liquid Rate (Cal. Day) ( bbl/d )
CORR-1002D
Field Performance in Heavy Oilfields Water Drive Mechanisms
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Horizontal wells allows delaying water encroachment while increasing oil production and
recovery
Field Performance in Heavy Oilfields Why Horizontal Wells??
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Optimization is a process by which the right technology matches with the
reservoir description
Depositional
Environment Phase Behavior Drive
Mechanism
Field
Optimization
Innovation &
Technology
Petrophysics
Field Performance in Heavy Oilfields Heavy Oilfields Optimization
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Inflow Control Devices (ICDs)
Slotted/pre-drilled liner
Standalone Screens
ICD AICD
ICDs and AICDs balance inflow which delays water/gas breakthrough
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Inflow Control Devices (ICDs)
• Obtain a uniform inflow profile along the well, restricting the flow in areas of high
mobility.
• Simultaneously stimulate production areas of low to moderate productivity by
slowing water breakthrough.
• Adjust dynamic pressure profile along the entire section of the well (by controlling
pressure drop).
ICD/ Multinode
Analytical Model
Laboratory Tests
– Geometry
– Fluids Properties
2qbqadP fp
g
dm
P4
L
Q, P1
wc
h
FLOW PATH
CROSS-SECTION
HELICAL FLOW PATH
KoutK
in
Pressure
taps
P2
P3
Regression AnalysisRegression Analysis
Can vary the number, width, and length of channels to
achieve the desired pressure drop
Analytical Model
Laboratory Tests
– Geometry
– Fluids Properties
2qbqadP fp
g
dm
P4
L
Q, P1
wc
h
FLOW PATH
CROSS-SECTION
HELICAL FLOW PATH
KoutK
in
Pressure
taps
P2
P3
Regression AnalysisRegression Analysis
Can vary the number, width, and length of channels to
achieve the desired pressure drop
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Inflow Control Devices (ICD)
Helical Type: Large flow area, low velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Tube Type: Small flow area, high velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Labyrinth Type: Small flow area, low
velocity, viscosity sensitive
Nozzle/Orifice Type: Small flow area, high
velocity, viscosity insensitive
Hybrid Type: Very Large flow area, low
velocity, highly viscosity insensitive
Screen or
Debris
Barrier
Passive Inflow Control Device (PICD): Fluid flow is regulated
by the additional pressure drop through the ICD
Helical Type: Large flow area, low velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Tube Type: Small flow area, high velocity,
viscosity sensitive
Labyrinth Type: Small flow area, low
velocity, viscosity sensitive
Nozzle/Orifice Type: Small flow area, high
velocity, viscosity insensitive
Hybrid Type: Very Large flow area, low
velocity, highly viscosity insensitive
Screen or
Debris
Barrier
Passive Inflow Control Device (PICD): Fluid flow is regulated
by the additional pressure drop through the ICD
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Inflow Control Devices (ICD) Flow Path
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Horizontal Well Completion Heel Conning
Oil Bypassed Fluid Equalizer Technology
Inflow Control Devices (ICD) Horizontal Well Productive Performance
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Open Hole Log and Layer Selection
Reservoir Model
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
History Matching and Forecast Oil & Water Production
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Scenario
• Case 1: Screen vs Equalizers results under original completion
There is little benefit in production performance if equalizers are
not used with swelling packers that provides zones isolation.
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
• Case 2: Isolating Heel and Comparing Screen 5 ½” Vs Equalizer 3 ½”
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
G Field
G main features
• Production since 1996
• Mature heavy oil – 16.6°API,
60cP
• High permeability sandstone
• Very active aquifer support
• Expected high water cuts >90%
• Delicate environment –
Amazonic jungle
• Produced water is treated then
re-injected
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
4 zonal isolation packers
creating 5 zones
ZoneQuantity of AICD Joints
1 3
2 4
3 4
4 5
5 4
Completion Design
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Days on Production
Water
Cut %
Neighbor SAS
AICD Completion
Reduced
Water Cut
0 40 80 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Swellable
packers
activate
1800
1500
1200
900
600
300
0
0 40 80 120
Days on Production
Oil
Flow
BBD
Neighbor SAS
Completion
AICD Completion
Increased
Oil Flow
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
10
1
11
1
12
1
13
1
14
1
15
1
16
1
17
1
18
1
19
1
20
1
21
1
22
1
23
1
24
1
25
1
26
1
27
1
28
1
29
1
30
1
BOPD
Base Case (Real) Case 1 Case 2
AICD Completion
SAS Case 1
SAS Case 2
Caso ICD Stand Alone Screen (SAS 2)
Incremento
Reducción Petróleo (MBbl) 156 135 21 Agua (Mbbl) 862 1310 -448 Corte de Agua (%) 84.68 90.65 -6.48
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
YA Field
main features
Formación Vivian
Tope 10500 pies Base 10700 pies
Presión del reservorio: 4200 psia Temperatura: 244° F
Porosidad 15-22 % Permeabilidad horizontal Kh 200-1500 mD
Anisotropía Kv/Kh 0.15
Gravedad API: 19°
Factor de Volumen de Formación:
1.05 bl/stb @ pb
Viscosidad del petróleo: 7 cp
Gravedad del Gas: 0.7 s.grav.
Gravedad del agua: 1.01 s.grav.
GOR: 124scf/STB @ Pb=883 psi
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Completion Design
Capa Tope Espesor Porosidad Permeabilidad
1 10656.038 5.6 18 1250
2 10661.638 5.2 18 1250
3 10666.838 3.6 15 500
4 10670.438 5.2 21 1500
5 10675.638 3.6 16 500
6 10679.238 5.9 19 1200
7 10685.138 6.9 19 1500
8 10692.038 4.6 12 1200
9 10696.638 4.6 18 1300
10 10701.238 3.9 15 500
11 10705.138 12.1 18 1200
12 10717.238 4.3 10 200
13 10721.538 19.7 18 1500
Segmento Descripción Tamaño Tipo
1 10 packer
2 14 junta 6.4 FRR 560 Ecualizador
3 10 packer
4 6 junta 6.4 FRR 240 Ecualizador
5 10 packer
6 7 junta 6.4 FRR 280 Ecualizador
7 10 packer
8 4junta 6.4 FRR 160 Ecualizador
9 10 packer
10 2 junta 6.4 FRR 80 Ecualizador
11 10 packer
12 11 junta 3.2 FRR 440 Ecualizador
13 20 packer
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Field Cases – Subandean Basin
Caso ICD Convencional Incremento
Reducción Petróleo (MMBbl) 1.441 1.306 0.135 Agua (MMbbl) 2.136 2.513 -0.377 Corte de Agua (%) 83.8 84.6 -0.8
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
The Future: MultiNode
• Combat water and gas breakthrough
• High zonal resolution of active flow control
• Real-time integrated monitoring and control
• Proactive production optimization
• Fully Electric Control Technology
• Maximum resolution for Zonal Control.
• Integration with monitoring and control systems
SureFlo
Venturi
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
Conclusions
Flow pattern is not homogeneous along the entire borehole of a horizontal well;
without selective completion, eventually, flow will be restrictive to the “heel” section.
ICD’s delay water/gas breakthrough, increasing ultimate recovery factor and NPV.
Coupling reservoir and completion modeling is critical during technology screening and
design.
Successful applications of ICDs in Colombia and Ecuador proved 10% to 30% increase in
cumulative oil production, and 10% to 50% decrease in water production.
Preliminary numerical simulation studies for mature heavy oilfields in Peru shows 10%
increase in cumulative oil production and 15% decrease in water production during the
first two years.
New generation of ICDs + Real time monitoring show us the potential benefits towards
optimizing oil production, reducing water production and increasing oil recovery.
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
GTW Peru 2015
Increasing the Recovery Factor
in Mature Oil & Gas Fields
THANKS
QUESTIONS?
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