ABRAHAM MASLOW (1908-1970)
Humanistic-Existential Paradigm
Self-actualization Theory
MASLOW’S ASSUMPTIONS
Human nature is basically good, not evil
Normal human development involves the actualization of this inherent goodness
CENTRAL HUMAN MOTIVESelf-Actualization
MASLOW’S ASSUMPTIONS... Psychopathology results from the
frustration of a human being’s essential nature
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Self-Actualization Esteem Love Safety Physiological
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
MOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITHSURVIVAL PHYSICALLY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
• Food
• Water
• Air
• Sleep
• Shelter
Food: A Most Powerful Need
• South American Rugby team crashed in 1970
• Food was the most pressing problem.
• They ate human flesh for survival.
• Even the strongest taboo was broken to fill the basic need for food.
FOOD: A MOST POWERFUL NEED Ik tribe in Uganda forced
to give up hunting and live on unfertile land
long standing social mores dissolve - people became psychopathic
“ngag”, word for food, also becomes word for good
parents steal food from children, children from other children
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
ON THE WHOLE AN INDIVIDUALCANNOT SATISFY ANY LEVELUNLESS NEEDS BELOW ARE
SATISFIED
from physical attack from emotional attack from fatal disease from invasion from extreme losses
(job, family
members, home, friends)
Safety Needs
SAFETY: A MOST POWERFUL NEED when frightened, our
thoughts and energies are diverted
threat of, or actual attack creates “fight or flight” reaction
threats to safety can be physical or emotional
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers, family, clubs
Affection - love and be loved
Control - influence over others and self
Love and Belonging(social/emotional)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS
respect from others through: awards honors status
respect for self through: mastery achievement
competence
Esteem Needsemotional (ego)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
NEEDFOR
MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF
ACTUALIZATION ISA HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S
PRIMEMOTIVATION
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
NEEDFOR
MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF ACTUALIZATION IS
A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIMEMOTIVATION
SELF-ACTUALIZATION MEANS ACTUALIZING
ONE’S POTENTIAL BECOMING ALL ONE IS
CAPABLE OF BECOMING
stop cruelty and exploitation
encourage talent in others
try to be a good human being
do work one considers worthwhile
enjoy taking on responsibilities
prefer intrinsic satisfaction
seek truth
give unselfish love
be just
Self-Actualization Needs
B-NEEDS OF THE SELF-ACTUALIZED
Truth Goodness Beauty Unity Aliveness Uniqueness Perfection and
Necessity
Completion Justice and order Simplicity Richness Effortlessness Playfulness Self-sufficiency Meaningfulness
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
NEED
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