Human Systems Review: To help you study! Endocrine System A
network of All of the glands (organs) that release hormones into
the bloodstream to regulate growth and development. Hormones
Chemical Protein Messengers of the Endocrine system secreted by
glands into the blood (Circulatory System). Ovaries Female
reproductive organ that produces an egg cell (female gamete) and
Estrogen (Hormone). Testes Male reproductive organ that produces
Sperm (Male Gametes) and Testosterone (Sex Hormone) Testosterone
Male sex hormone secreted by the Testes.
Plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues
such as the testes as well as promoting secondary sexual
characteristics such as increased muscle, bone mass, and the growth
of body hair. Testosterone Estrogen Female sex hormone produced by
the Ovaries that controls female sexual development, Egg release
from the ovaries, and menstrual cycles. The Ovarian Cycle know how
to read this diagram, you will probably see it on the regents exam.
Insulin The hormone that is secreted by the Pancreas and tells
(prompts) glucose to move from the blood into body cells, resulting
in a lower blood glucose level. Diabetes results when the pancreas
does not produce insulin resulting in High blood sugar.Requires
insulin injections (shots) to normalize. Insulin Cont: Glucagon
Hormone secreted by the Pancreas that tells the liver to break down
fat stores and release sugar back into the blood. This hormone
raises blood sugar - Insulin Lowers it. Blood Sugar Level
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Hormone secreted by the Adrenal glands located on top of the
kidneys.Increases heart rate and prepares body for Fight OR Flight
response! Homeostasis The ability of an organism to maintain a
stable internal environment even when the external environment
changes. Cell Membrane The thin boundry between the cell and its
environment.Fluid Mosaic Model, made up of fatty acids Catalyst An
Enzyme/Protein in the body that speeds up or slows down a chemical
reaction without itself being changed or used up. ATP - Adenosine
triphosphate
The energy that our cells use.Cellular Respiration in the
mitochondria breaks the chemical bonds found in Glucose to release
ATP Organelles A structure inside of a cell that carries out a
specific function (like organs do!!). Mitochondria Pod shaped
organelle that contain enzymes used to extract energy from
nutrients.Power house of the cell.makes ATP Cellular Respiration
The process in which the mitochondria break apart chemical bonds in
nutrients to release ATP Chloroplast The green organelle that
contains chlorophyll; this is where photosynthesis takes place.
Photosynthesis (IN Chloroplast)
Sunlight + CO2 + Water = Oxygen + Glucose Plants and Euglena can
use sunlight to make their own food (glucose and starch which is a
long chain of glucose molecules strung together). Chlorophyll Is
the green pigment in the chloroplast, that converts light energy
into the chemical bond energy of glucose. Human Body Systems: Notes
Cells/Tissue/Organs/Organ System
Cells are the basic building blocks of life Tissues are made of
cells Organs are made of tissues Organ Systems are made of organs
These work together to help to provide all cellswith nutrients,
oxygen, and waste removal. Human Body Systems Each system is
composed of organs andtissues which perform specific functions
These systems interact with each other to keepthe body alive and
healthy (Homeostasis) Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Digestive
System The digestive system consists of organs thatare responsible
for the mechanical andchemical breakdown of food The process
results in molecules that can be absorbed and transported to cells
for energy. Circulatory System The circulatory system moves
substances to and
from cells where they are needed or produced, responding to change
demands. It also helps protect the body from disease. Specialized
cells protect the body from infectiousdisease. The chemicals they
produce identify anddestroy microbes that enter the body.
Respiratory System During respiration, cells use oxygen to
releaseenergy stored in food. To do this, the respiratory system
suppliesoxygen and removes carbon dioxide. (gas exchange)
Reproductive System In the reproductive system, the male andfemale
are responsible for producing sex cellsnecessary for the production
of offspring. Nervous System The nervous system worksto control and
coordinatethe bodys responses tochanges in the environment. It
works together with all ofthe other systems. Endocrine System The
endocrine systemworks together with thenervous system. It regulates
growth,development andreproduction. Hormones are chemicalsfrom
glands that effectother body parts. Excretory System The excretory
system disposes dissolvedwaste molecules, the elimination of
solid,liquid, and gaseous wastes, and the removal ofexcess heat
energy. Musculo-Skeletal System
The muscle and skeletalsystems work together in theinteraction of
skeletal musclesand bones. This is coordinated by thenervous
system. They are necessary to escapedanger, obtain food andshelter,
and reproduce. Immune Disease breaks down the structures
or functions of an organism and our bodyresponds by destroying and
invaders. These invaders might be foreign objects,bacteria, virus,
or fungi. When this system stops working it is very easyfor us to
get sick.
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