HTML HTML BasicsBasics
HTML, Text, Images, Tables, HTML, Text, Images, Tables, FormsForms
Doncho MinkovDoncho Minkov
Telerik Mobile Development CourseTelerik Mobile Development Coursemobiledevcourse.telerik.com
Technical TrainerTechnical Trainerhttp://www.minkov.it
Table of ContentsTable of Contents1.1. Introduction to HTMLIntroduction to HTML
How the Web Works?How the Web Works?
What is a Web Page?What is a Web Page?
My First HTML PageMy First HTML Page
Basic Tags: Hyperlinks, Images, Basic Tags: Hyperlinks, Images, FormattingFormatting
Headings and ParagraphsHeadings and Paragraphs
2.2. HTML in DetailsHTML in Details The <!DOCTYPE> DeclarationThe <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script, The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script, StyleStyle 2
Table of Contents (2)Table of Contents (2)
The <body> SectionThe <body> Section
Text Styling and Formatting TagsText Styling and Formatting Tags
Hyperlinks: <a>Hyperlinks: <a>
Hyperlinks and SectionsHyperlinks and Sections
Images: <Images: <imgimg>>
Lists: <Lists: <olol>, <>, <ulul> and <dl>> and <dl>
HTML Special CharactersHTML Special Characters
3.3. The <div> and <span> elementsThe <div> and <span> elements
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How the Web Works?How the Web Works? WWW use classical client / server WWW use classical client / server
architecturearchitecture HTTP is text-based request-response protocolHTTP is text-based request-response protocol
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Client running Client running a Web a Web
BrowserBrowser
Server running Server running Web Server Web Server
Software (IIS, Software (IIS, Apache, etc.)Apache, etc.)
Server Server responseresponse
HTTPHTTP
HTTPHTTP
What is a Web Page?What is a Web Page? Web pagesWeb pages are text files containing are text files containing
HTMLHTML HTML – HTML – HHyper yper TText ext MMarkup arkup LLanguageanguage
A notation for describingA notation for describing
document structuredocument structure (semantic markup) (semantic markup)
formattingformatting (presentation markup) (presentation markup)
Looks (looked?) like:Looks (looked?) like:
A Microsoft Word documentA Microsoft Word document
The markup tags provide information The markup tags provide information about the page content structureabout the page content structure
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Creating HTML PagesCreating HTML Pages An HTML file must have an An HTML file must have an ..htmhtm
or or .html.html file extension file extension HTML files can be created with text HTML files can be created with text
editors:editors: NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPadNotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad
Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors): Microsoft FrontPageMicrosoft FrontPage Macromedia DreamweaverMacromedia Dreamweaver Netscape ComposerNetscape Composer Expression WebExpression Web
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HTML BasicsHTML BasicsText, Images, Tables, Text, Images, Tables,
FormsForms
HTML StructureHTML Structure HTML is comprised of “HTML is comprised of “elementselements” and ” and
““tagstags”” Begins with Begins with <html><html> and ends with and ends with </html></html>
When writing When writing XHTMLXHTML, must define a , must define a namespacenamespace
Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:
Tags have attributes:Tags have attributes:
HTML describes structure using two main HTML describes structure using two main sections: sections: <head><head> and and <body><body>
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<html <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html><html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>
<img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />
HTML Code FormattingHTML Code Formatting The HTML source code should be The HTML source code should be
formatted to increase readability and formatted to increase readability and facilitate debugging.facilitate debugging. Every block element should start on a Every block element should start on a
new line.new line.
Every nested (block) element should be Every nested (block) element should be indented.indented.
Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the page source, so formatting is in the page source, so formatting is harmless.harmless.
For performance reasons, For performance reasons, formatting can be sacrificedformatting can be sacrificed 9
First HTML PageFirst HTML Page
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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><head> <title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title> </head></head> <body><body> <p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p> </body></body></html></html>
test.htmltest.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><head> <title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title> </head></head> <body><body> <p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p> </body></body></html></html>
First HTML Page: TagsFirst HTML Page: Tags
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Opening Opening tagtag
Closing Closing tagtag
An HTML element consists of an opening An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag and the content inside.tag, a closing tag and the content inside.
<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><head> <title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title> </head></head> <body><body> <p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p> </body></body></html></html>
First HTML Page: First HTML Page: HeaderHeader
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HTML HTML headerheader
<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><head> <title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title> </head></head> <body><body> <p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p> </body></body></html></html>
First HTML Page: BodyFirst HTML Page: Body
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HTML HTML bodybody
Some Simple TagsSome Simple Tags Hyperlink TagsHyperlink Tags
Image TagsImage Tags
Text formatting tagsText formatting tags
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<a href="http://www.telerik.com/"<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title="Telerik">Link to Telerik Web title="Telerik">Link to Telerik Web site</a>site</a>
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
This text is <em>emphasized.</em>This text is <em>emphasized.</em><br />new line<br /><br />new line<br />This one is <strong>more This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>emphasized.</strong>
Some Simple Tags – Some Simple Tags – ExampleExample
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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head> <title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title>Simple Tags Demo</title></head></head><body><body><a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title= "Telerik site">This is a link.</a>"Telerik site">This is a link.</a><br /><br /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><br /><br /><strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> <strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.text.</body></body></html></html>
some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html
Some Simple Tags – Some Simple Tags – Example (2)Example (2)
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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head> <title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title>Simple Tags Demo</title></head></head><body><body><a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title= "Telerik site">This is a link.</a>"Telerik site">This is a link.</a><br /><br /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><br /><br /><strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.</body></body></html></html>
some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html
Some HTML TagsSome HTML TagsLive DemoLive Demo
Tags AttributesTags Attributes Tags can have Tags can have attributesattributes
Attributes specify properties and behaviorAttributes specify properties and behavior Example:Example:
Few attributes can apply to every Few attributes can apply to every element:element: idid, , stylestyle, , classclass, , titletitle
The The idid is unique in the document is unique in the document
Content of Content of titletitle attribute is displayed as attribute is displayed as hint when the element is hovered with the hint when the element is hovered with the mousemouse
Some elements have obligatory attributesSome elements have obligatory attributes18
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
Attribute Attribute altalt with with value "value "logologo""
Headings and Headings and ParagraphsParagraphs
Heading Tags (h1 – h6)Heading Tags (h1 – h6)
Paragraph TagsParagraph Tags
Sections: Sections: divdiv and and spanspan
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<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
<div style="background: skyblue;"><div style="background: skyblue;"> This is a div</div>This is a div</div>
Headings and Headings and Paragraphs – Example Paragraphs – Example
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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><title>Headings and <head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>paragraphs</title></head> <body><body> <h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1> <h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2> <h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p> <p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue"> This is a div</div>This is a div</div> </body></body></html></html>
headings.htmlheadings.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><title>Headings and <head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>paragraphs</title></head> <body><body> <h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1> <h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2> <h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p> <p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue"> This is a div</div>This is a div</div> </body></body></html></html>
Headings and Headings and Paragraphs – Example Paragraphs – Example
(2)(2)
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headings.htmlheadings.html
Headings and Headings and ParagraphsParagraphs
Live DemoLive Demo
Introduction to HTMLIntroduction to HTMLHTML Document Structure in DepthHTML Document Structure in Depth
PrefacePreface It is important to have the correct It is important to have the correct
vision and attitude towards HTMLvision and attitude towards HTML HTML is only about structure, not HTML is only about structure, not
appearanceappearance
Browsers tolerate invalid HTML Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and parse errors – you should code and parse errors – you should notnot
Always think about semanticsAlways think about semantics
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The The <<!!DOCTYPE>DOCTYPE> DeclarationDeclaration
HTML documents must start with a HTML documents must start with a document type definition (DTD)document type definition (DTD)
It tells web browsers what type is the It tells web browsers what type is the served codeserved code
Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 (Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML (Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 55
Example:Example:
See See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a list of possible for a list of possible doctypesdoctypes
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">transitional.dtd">
HTML vs. XHTMLHTML vs. XHTML XHTML is more strict than HTMLXHTML is more strict than HTML
Tags and attribute names must be Tags and attribute names must be in lowercasein lowercase
All tags must be closed (All tags must be closed (<<brbr/>/>, , <<imgimg/>/>) while HTML allows ) while HTML allows <<brbr>> and and <img><img> and implies missing closing and implies missing closing tags tags (<p>par1 <p>par2(<p>par1 <p>par2))
XHTML allows only one root XHTML allows only one root <html><html> element (HTML allows more than element (HTML allows more than one)one)
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XHTML vs. HTML (2)XHTML vs. HTML (2) Many element attributes are Many element attributes are
deprecated in XHTML, most are deprecated in XHTML, most are moved to CSS moved to CSS
Attribute minimization is forbidden, Attribute minimization is forbidden, e.g.e.g.
Note: Web browsers load XHTML Note: Web browsers load XHTML faster than HTML and valid code faster than HTML and valid code faster than invalid!faster than invalid! 27
<input type="checkbox" checked><input type="checkbox" checked>
<input type="checkbox" <input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />checked="checked" />
The The <head><head> Section Section Contains information that doesn’t Contains information that doesn’t
show directly on the viewable pageshow directly on the viewable page Starts after the Starts after the <!<!doctypedoctype>> declaration declaration Begins with Begins with <head><head> and ends with and ends with </head></head>
Contains mandatory single Contains mandatory single <title><title> tag tag Can contain some other tags, e.g.Can contain some other tags, e.g.
<meta><meta> <script><script> <style><style> <!–- comments --><!–- comments -->
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<head> Section: <head> Section: <title> tag<title> tag
Title should be placed between Title should be placed between <head><head> and and </head></head> tags tags
Used to specify a title in the window Used to specify a title in the window titlebartitlebar
Search engines and people rely on titlesSearch engines and people rely on titles29
<title>Telerik Academy – Winter Season <title>Telerik Academy – Winter Season 2009/2010 </title>2009/2010 </title>
<head> Section: <head> Section: <meta><meta>
Meta tags additionally describe the Meta tags additionally describe the content contained within the pagecontent contained within the page
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<meta name="description" content="HTML <meta name="description" content="HTML tutorial" />tutorial" />
<meta name="keywords" content="html, web <meta name="keywords" content="html, web design, styles" />design, styles" /> <meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" <meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" /> />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5; <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5; url=http://www.telerik.com" />url=http://www.telerik.com" />
<head> Section: <head> Section: <script><script>
The The <script><script> element is used to embed element is used to embed scripts into an HTML documentscripts into an HTML document Script are executed in the client's Web Script are executed in the client's Web
browserbrowser
Scripts can live in the Scripts can live in the <head><head> and in the and in the <body><body> sections sections
Supported client-side scripting Supported client-side scripting languages:languages: JavaScriptJavaScript (it is not (it is not JavaJava!)!)
VBScriptVBScript
JScriptJScript 31
The <script> Tag – The <script> Tag – ExampleExample
32
<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><head> <title>JavaScript Example</title><title>JavaScript Example</title> <script type="text/javascript"><script type="text/javascript"> function sayHello() {function sayHello() { document.write("<p>Hello document.write("<p>Hello World!<\/p>");World!<\/p>"); }} </script></script> </head></head> <body><body> <script type=<script type= "text/javascript">"text/javascript"> sayHello();sayHello(); </script></script> </body></body></html></html>
scripts-scripts-
example.htmlexample.html
Using ScriptsUsing ScriptsLive DemoLive Demo
<head> Section: <head> Section: <style><style>
The The <style><style> element embeds element embeds formatting information (CSS styles) formatting information (CSS styles) into an HTML pageinto an HTML page
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<html><html> <head><head> <style type="text/css"><style type="text/css"> p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; } p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; } span { text-transform: uppercase; }span { text-transform: uppercase; } </style></style> </head></head> <body><body> <p>Styles demo.<br /><p>Styles demo.<br /> <span>Test uppercase</span>.<span>Test uppercase</span>. </p></p> </body></body></html></html>
style-example.htmlstyle-example.html
Embedding CSS Embedding CSS StylesStylesLive DemoLive Demo
Comments: <!-- --> TagComments: <!-- --> Tag Comments can exist anywhere Comments can exist anywhere
between the between the <html></html><html></html> tagstags Comments start with Comments start with <!--<!-- and end and end
with with -->-->
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<!–- Telerik Logo (a JPG file) --><!–- Telerik Logo (a JPG file) --><img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Telerik Logo"><img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Telerik Logo"><!–- Hyperlink to the web site --><!–- Hyperlink to the web site --><a href="http://telerik.com/">Telerik</a><a href="http://telerik.com/">Telerik</a><!–- Show the news table --><!–- Show the news table --><table class="newstable"><table class="newstable">......
<body> Section: <body> Section: IntroductionIntroduction
The The <body><body> section describes the section describes the viewable portion of the pageviewable portion of the page
Starts after the Starts after the <head><head> </head></head> sectionsection
Begins with Begins with <body><body> and ends with and ends with </body></body>
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<html><html> <head><title>Test page</title></head><head><title>Test page</title></head> <body><body> <!-- This is the Web page body --><!-- This is the Web page body --> </body></body></html></html>
Text FormattingText Formatting Text formatting tags modify the Text formatting tags modify the
text between the opening tag and text between the opening tag and the closing tagthe closing tag Ex. Ex. <b>Hello</b><b>Hello</b> makes “Hello” bold makes “Hello” bold
38
Text Formatting – Text Formatting – ExampleExample
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">transitional.dtd"><html><html> <head><head> <title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title> </head></head> <body><body> <h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1> <p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p> <p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph: preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p> <h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2> <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />/> Next line.</p>Next line.</p> </body></body></html></html>
text-text-
formatting.htmlformatting.html
Text Formatting – Text Formatting – Example (2)Example (2)
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">transitional.dtd"><html><html> <head><head> <title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title> </head></head> <body><body> <h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1> <p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p> <p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph: preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p> <h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2> <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />/> Next line.</p>Next line.</p> </body></body></html></html>
text-text-
formatting.htmlformatting.html
Text Text FormattingFormatting
Live DemoLive Demo
Hyperlinks: <a> TagHyperlinks: <a> Tag Link to a document called Link to a document called form.htmlform.html
on the same server in the same on the same server in the same directory:directory:
Link to a document called Link to a document called parent.htmlparent.html on the same server in the parent on the same server in the parent directory:directory:
Link to a document called Link to a document called cat.htmlcat.html on on the same server in the subdirectory the same server in the subdirectory stuffstuff:: 42
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>
Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (2)Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (2) Link to an external Web site:Link to an external Web site:
Always use a full URL, including Always use a full URL, including ""http://http://", not just ", not just ""www.somesite.comwww.somesite.com""
Using the Using the target="_blank"target="_blank" attribute attribute opens the link in a new windowopens the link in a new window
Link to an e-mail address:Link to an e-mail address:
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<a href="http://www.devbg.org" <a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a>target="_blank">BASD</a>
<a href="mailto:[email protected]?<a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug+Report">subject=Bug+Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (3)Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (3) Link to a document called Link to a document called apply-apply-now.htmlnow.html On the same server, in same directoryOn the same server, in same directory
Using an image as a link button:Using an image as a link button:
Link to a document called Link to a document called index.htmlindex.html On the same serverOn the same server, , in the in the
subdirectory subdirectory englishenglish of the parent of the parent directory:directory:
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<a href="apply-now.html"><img<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to <a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a>English version</a>
Hyperlinks and Hyperlinks and SectionsSections
Link to another location in the same Link to another location in the same document:document:
Link to a specific location in another Link to a specific location in another document:document:
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<a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a><a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>......<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to <a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section 3.1.1</a>Section 3.1.1</a>
<!–- In chapter3.html --><!–- In chapter3.html -->......<div id="section3.1.1"><div id="section3.1.1"> <h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3><h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3></div></div>
Hyperlinks – ExampleHyperlinks – Example
46
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="http://www.devbg.org" <a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a> <br />target="_blank">BASD</a> <br /><a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug <a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>only)</a><br /><br /><a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg” /></a> <br />button.jpg” /></a> <br /><a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English <a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a> <br />version</a> <br />
hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.html
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="http://www.devbg.org" <a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a> <br />target="_blank">BASD</a> <br /><a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug <a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>only)</a><br /><br /><a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg” /></a> <br />button.jpg” /></a> <br /><a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English <a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a> <br />version</a> <br />
hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.html
Hyperlinks – Example Hyperlinks – Example (2)(2)
47
HyperlinksHyperlinksLive DemoLive Demo
Links to the Same Links to the Same Document – Example Document – Example
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<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...
<!-- The document text follows here --><!-- The document text follows here -->
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>... Section 1 follows here ...... Section 1 follows here ...<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>... Section 2 follows here ...... Section 2 follows here ...<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-links-to-same-document.htmldocument.html
Links to the Same Links to the Same Document – Example (2) Document – Example (2)
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<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...
<!-- The document text follows here --><!-- The document text follows here -->
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>... Section 1 follows here ...... Section 1 follows here ...<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>... Section 2 follows here ...... Section 2 follows here ...<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-links-to-same-document.htmldocument.html
Links to the Same Links to the Same DocumentDocument
Live DemoLive Demo
Inserting an image with Inserting an image with <img><img> tag: tag:
Image attributes:Image attributes:
Example:Example:
Images: Images: <img><img> tag tag
src src Location of image fileLocation of image file (relative or absolute) (relative or absolute)
altalt Substitute text for displaySubstitute text for display (e.g. in text mode) (e.g. in text mode)
height height Number of pixels of the heightNumber of pixels of the height
width width Number of pixels of the widthNumber of pixels of the width
border border Size of border, 0 for no borderSize of border, 0 for no border
<img src="/img/basd-logo.png"><img src="/img/basd-logo.png">
<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" /><img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />52
Miscellaneous TagsMiscellaneous Tags <hr<hr />/>: Draws a horizontal rule : Draws a horizontal rule
(line):(line):
<center></center><center></center>: Deprecated!: Deprecated!
<font></font><font></font>: Deprecated!: Deprecated!
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<hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center>
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>
Miscellaneous Tags – Miscellaneous Tags – ExampleExample
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<html><html> <head><head> <title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title><title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title> </head></head> <body><body> <hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" /> <center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center> <font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font> <font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font> </body></body></html></html>
misc.htmlmisc.html
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous TagsTags
Live DemoLive Demo
a. Appleb. Orangec. Grapefruit
Ordered Lists: Ordered Lists: <ol><ol> Tag Tag Create an Create an OOrdered rdered LList using ist using <ol></ol><ol></ol>::
Attribute values for Attribute values for typetype are are 11, , AA, , aa, , II, , or or ii
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1. Apple2. Orange3. Grapefruit
A. AppleB. OrangeC. Grapefruit
I. AppleII. OrangeIII. Grapefruit
i. Appleii. Orangeiii. Grapefruit
<ol type="1"><ol type="1"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ol></ol>
Unordered Lists: Unordered Lists: <<uul>l> TagTag
Create an Create an UUnordered nordered LList using ist using <ul></ul><ul></ul>::
Attribute values for Attribute values for typetype are: are: discdisc, , circlecircle or or squaresquare
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• Apple
• Orange
• Pear
o Apple
o Orange
o Pear
Apple
Orange
Pear
<ul type="disk"><ul type="disk"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ul></ul>
Definition lists: <dl> Definition lists: <dl> tagtag
Create definition lists using Create definition lists using <dl><dl> Pairs of text and associated Pairs of text and associated
definition; text is in definition; text is in <dt><dt> tag, tag, definition in definition in <dd><dd> tag tag
Renders without bulletsRenders without bullets
Definition is indentedDefinition is indented 58
<dl><dl><dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt><dd>A markup language …</dd><dd>A markup language …</dd><dt>CSS</dt><dt>CSS</dt><dd>Language used to …</dd><dd>Language used to …</dd>
</dl></dl>
Lists – ExampleLists – Example
59
<ol type="1"><ol type="1"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ol></ol>
<ul type="disc"><ul type="disc"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ul></ul>
<dl><dl> <dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt> <dd>A markup lang…</dd><dd>A markup lang…</dd></dl></dl>
lists.htmllists.html
Creating Creating ListsLists
Live DemoLive Demo
HTML Special HTML Special CharactersCharacters
££££British PoundBritish Pound
€€€€EuroEuro
""""Quotation MarkQuotation Mark
¥¥¥¥Japanese YenJapanese Yen
————Em DashEm Dash
Non-breaking SpaceNon-breaking Space
&&&&AmpersandAmpersand
>>>>Greater ThanGreater Than
<<<<Less ThanLess Than
™™™™Trademark SignTrademark Sign
®®®®Registered Trademark Registered Trademark SignSign
©©©©Copyright SignCopyright Sign
SymbolSymbolHTML HTML EntityEntitySymbol NameSymbol Name
61
Special Characters – Special Characters – ExampleExample
62
<p>[>> Welcome<p>[>> Welcome <<]</p> <<]</p> <p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards: A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p> <p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫ music ♫</p>music ♫</p> <p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his <p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his team</p>team</p> <p>Telerik Academy™</p><p>Telerik Academy™</p>
special-special-
chars.htmlchars.html
Special Chars – Example Special Chars – Example (2)(2)
63
<p>[>> Welcome<p>[>> Welcome <<]</p> <<]</p> <p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards: A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p> <p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫ music ♫</p>music ♫</p> <p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his <p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his team</p>team</p> <p>Telerik Academy™</p><p>Telerik Academy™</p>
special-special-
chars.htmlchars.html
HTML Special HTML Special CharactersCharacters
Live DemoLive Demo
Using Using <DIV><DIV> and and <SPAN><SPAN> Block and Block and Inline ElementsInline Elements
Block and Inline Block and Inline ElementsElements
Block elements Block elements add a line break add a line break before and after them, and expand before and after them, and expand to 100% widthto 100% width <div>, <p>, <h1>, <ul><div>, <p>, <h1>, <ul> are block are block
elementselements Inline elements Inline elements don’t break the don’t break the
text before and after themtext before and after them <span>, <a>, <em> <span>, <a>, <em> are inline are inline
elementselements http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#block-boxes 66
The <div> TagThe <div> Tag <div><div> creates logical divisions creates logical divisions
within a pagewithin a page
Block style elementBlock style element
Used with CSSUsed with CSS
Example:Example:
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<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV <div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV example</div>example</div>
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
div-and-div-and-
span.htmlspan.html
<DIV><DIV>Live DemoLive Demo
The <span> TagThe <span> Tag Inline style elementInline style element Useful for modifying a specific Useful for modifying a specific
portion of text portion of text Don't create a separate areaDon't create a separate area
(paragraph) in the document (paragraph) in the document Makes sense only with some CSSMakes sense only with some CSS
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<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
<p>This one is another <span style="font-<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px; font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>size:32px; font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>
span.htmlspan.html
<SPAN><SPAN>Live DemoLive Demo
HTML Tags IndexHTML Tags Index http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/index/elements.html
http://www.htmldog.com/reference/htmltags/
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HTML BasicsHTML Basics
Questions?Questions?
http://academy.telerik.com
ExercisesExercises
1.1. Write an HTML page like the following:Write an HTML page like the following:
* Use headings and divs* Use headings and divs
73
Exercises (2)Exercises (2)2.2. Write an HTML page like the following:Write an HTML page like the following:
3.3. Write an HTML page looking like the PNG Write an HTML page looking like the PNG file named file named 3.Introduction.PNG.3.Introduction.PNG. Using the Using the <a><a> tag add anchors to the corresponding tag add anchors to the corresponding sections in the same page.sections in the same page. 74
Exercises (3)Exercises (3)4.4. Create an user profile Create an user profile
Web page Web page Profile.htmlProfile.html, , friends page named friends page named Friends.htmlFriends.html and info and info page named page named Info.htmlInfo.html. . Link them to one Link them to one another using another using <a> <a> tagtag
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Exercises (4)Exercises (4)
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5.5. Create a Web site like the following:Create a Web site like the following:
See the image See the image InetJava-site.pngInetJava-site.png..
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