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RECALL : LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Cells – the basic unit of life
Tissues – clusters of cells performing a similar function
Organs – made of tissues that perform one specific function
Organ Systems – groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body
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IN-TAKE AND EXCRETORY ORGAN SYSTEMS
In-take Remove waste
Digestive system Digestive systemCirculatory system Circulatory
system
Respiratory system Respiratory system
Excretory system
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The Digestive System
The Digestive SystemPurpose: convert food so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream
Major Organs and their Functions:
Mouth – to grind up food
-- saliva begins chemical breakdown
Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach
Stomach – secretes strong acid (pH = 2) that leads to breakdown of food
Chyme – broken down food
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Pancreas – produces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels
-- also help neutralize stomach acid
Liver – produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods
Gallbladder – pouch-like organ that stores bile for future use
Small Intestine – the chyme enters the small intestine and is absorbed into the bloodstream
villi- folds in the intestine
Large Intestine – removes water from the chyme and gets the waste ready for excretion
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Image of the Circulatory System
The Circulatory SystemPurpose: deliver oxygenated blood to cells and organ systems in your body
Major Organs and Their Functions
Heart
-- pumps blood through four chambers (two ventricles and two atria)
-- pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, to get oxygenated, return and be pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body
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Arteries – carry blood away from the heart
Veins – carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries – small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs
Blood – the cells that flow through the circulatory system
Hemoglobin- iron-rich protein that carries oxygen
Red blood cells – oxygen rich, have hemoglobin
white blood cells -- function in the immune system
platelets -- help in blood clotting
Spleen – helps to filter out toxins in the blood
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Image of the Respiratory System
The Respiratory SystemPurpose: to provide oxygen for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide
Major Organs and Their Functions
Nose – take air in and out
Pharynx – a passage way for both air and food at the back of the throat
Larynx – “voicebox”, holds vocal chords
Trachea – the “windpipe”, it connects your pharynx to your lungs
Epiglottis – skin that covers the trachea when you swallow, preventing food from entering
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Bronchi – the two large passageways that lead from the trachea to your lungs (one for each lung)
-- subdivided into bronchioles
Alveoli - tiny air sacs where the exchange of gases with the blood occurs
diaphragm - muscle that causes you to breath
-- hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm
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The Excretory System
The Excretory System
Purpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts
Major Organs and Their Functions
Kidneys --
waste-filled blood enters the kidney
the kidney filters out urea, excess water and other waste products,
which exit the kidney through the ureter and bladder as urine
Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the body through the rectum
Skin – sweat glands remove excess water and salts from the body
Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide
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SONG OR ACTING ASSIGNMENT
In groups of 4 design a 2 minute song or performance to describe the following for your assigned body system. Your must include the following:
• The purpose of your body system. (what does it do?)
• The parts of the body system. (What are they called?)
• The function of each part. (What does it do?)
You have 15 minutes to put together your song or performance. Then each group will present to the class.
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