How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933? ALL OF US will be
able to give reasons why Hitler became Chancellor and extract
information from sources. (E3- D2) EVEN BETTER IF you can explain
reasons how Hitler became Chancellor use your own knowledge to
explain why a source is/nt useful. (D1-B3) EXCELLENT IF you can
comment on how the authorship of a source affects its view and use
your own knowledge to judge the extent to which a source supports a
specific view. (B2-A1) ALL OF US will be able to give reasons why
Hitler became Chancellor and extract information from sources. (E3-
D2) EVEN BETTER IF you can explain reasons how Hitler became
Chancellor use your own knowledge to explain why a source is/nt
useful. (D1-B3) EXCELLENT IF you can comment on how the authorship
of a source affects its view and use your own knowledge to judge
the extent to which a source supports a specific view. (B2-A1)
Slide 3
Steps to chancellorship: 1. The failure of the Munich Putsch
(trial and subsequent fame; Mein Kampf; focus on becoming elected
rather than taking power. 2.Wall Street Crash. 3.Weakness of Weimar
Republic. 4.Fear of communism. 5.Use of propaganda and Hitlers
appeal. 6.Political Scheming. Steps to chancellorship: 1. The
failure of the Munich Putsch (trial and subsequent fame; Mein
Kampf; focus on becoming elected rather than taking power. 2.Wall
Street Crash. 3.Weakness of Weimar Republic. 4.Fear of communism.
5.Use of propaganda and Hitlers appeal. 6.Political Scheming. 30 th
January, 1933
Slide 4
Structure of the Weimar Republic
Slide 5
Friedrich Ebert First President of Weimar Republic Friedrich
Ebert First President of Weimar Republic One of the first actions
of the new republic was to sign the armstice to end WWI. (Which
Germany was losing) Many in the army saw this as the government
stabbing them in the back. Why did the Weimar Republic have so many
problems? Use of Proportional Representation voting system meant
that it was hard for one political party to gain control and make
decisions to effectively run the country. Treaty of Versailles
imposed harsh reparations and took mineral rich lands from Germany,
crippling her and leading to issues such as hyperinflation crisis
and dependence on loans from America. Many Germans saw this as a
betrayl and saw this government as the November Criminals. Treaty
of Versailles imposed harsh reparations and took mineral rich lands
from Germany, crippling her and leading to issues such as
hyperinflation crisis and dependence on loans from America. Many
Germans saw this as a betrayl and saw this government as the
November Criminals. All of this led many Germans to want a strong
leader who could run the country.
Slide 6
Terms included the army being limited to 100,000 and having no
air force. Also, having large parts of Germany taken away and the
Rhineland being demilitarised so that Germany could not attack
Germany. As well as this Germany had to pay reparations to France
and Belgium, these would lead to many economic problems for Germany
in the 1920s. Much resentment towards the Weimar Republic for
signing this agreement. Treaty of Versailles Signed by the incoming
Weimar government at the end of World War One. They had no choice
in signing this agreement. By signing this document the government
accepted responsibility for the war on behalf of Germany.
Slide 7
Despite failing to spark a revolution, how could the Putsch be
seen as a good thing for Hitler and the Nazis? Hitler used his
trial as a platform to share his goals and grievances with a wider
audience. There was lots of media coverage of the trial which
brought Hitler to a wider audience outside Bavaria. Hitler realised
that to destroy democracy, he would have to be elected into power..
Hitler spent his time in prison writing Mein Kampf which set out
his vision for Germany and his role within that. Hitler realise
that to have political success the Nazi Party would have to grow,
so deals were made to merge with other right wing parties. Due to
their attempt to overthrow government, the Nazi Party was banned,
and Hitler was banned from public speaking until 1927. WHY WAS THE
MUNICH PUTSCH IMPORTANT TO HITLER
Slide 8
HOW DID THE WALL STREET CRASH (1929) HELP HITLER BECOME
CHANCELLOR? Wall Street Crash in America led to high unemployment
in Germany. By 1932 6 million unemployed and the government had
failed to resolve situation. Working class begin to look to Nazis
and Communists as they offer clear and simple solutions to their
problem. Rich Industrialists and the Middle Classes are scared of
communism so many put their support behind Nazis, including
financial support. Massive propaganda campaign delivering simple
message, and all the chaos seemed to prove Hitlers point that
strong, singular leadership was what Germany needed. In 1928
election Nazis won 2.6% of seats. By 1932 the Nazis won37.3% of
seats.
Slide 9
Use of uniforms and military styling appealed to many as it
showed a structure and organisation that many felt that Germany
lacked. At times of desperation and high unemployment, Nazis
offered clear solutions to the problems of the German people. Also
Nazi message was clear, simple, and often repeated. Many rich
industrialists supported the Nazis as they saw them as their
defence against communism, under which they would lose their
wealth. Hitler represented the strong singular leadership that many
Germans wanted, rather than the democracy they had been offered
since the abdication of the Kaiser. What was the appeal of the
Nazis?
Slide 10
PROPAGANDA During the years 1929-33 the Nazis increased their
support through propaganda. Held many rallies, displayed banners
and posters in prominent places so that the Nazis appeared to be
everywhere. Goebbels ensured that the Nazi message was simple and
regularly repeated, on the radio and in the 120 weekly and daily
newspapers that the Nazis owned and were read by hundreds of
thousands of Germans. Arbeit und Brot Propaganda on this scale was
only possible due to the massive financial backing that the Nazis
received from rich industrialists scared of communism, and National
Party leader Alfred Hugenberg who allowed from pro Nazi/anti Weimar
articles to be ran in his newspapers. THE SUCCESS OF THE PROPAGANDA
WAS EVIDENT FROM THE RESULTS OF THE 1932 PRESITENTIAL ELECTION.
HITLER STOOD AGAINST HINDENBURG, HITLER FLEW AROUND THE COUNTRY
CAMPAIGNING, HINDENBURG DID NOT. HINDENBURG WON AFTER TWO ROUNDS OF
VOTING (19.36 MILLION TO HITLERS 13.42 MILLION)
Slide 11
Chancellor Bruning resigned as Chancellor in May 1932 due to
his inability to win support for his policies. He was replaced by
von Papen of the Centre Party. (the fourth biggest party in the
Reichstag) Chancellor Bruning Chancellor von Papen My party do not
have many seats in the Reichstag, which large party could I make a
coalition with?
Slide 12
Chancellor von Papen I called a general election for July 1932,
how do you think that went? NASDAP = Nazi SPD = Social Democrats
KPD = Communists Zentrum = Centre Party Should I still be
Chancellor? As the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag I
believe that I should be made Chancellor! 230 seats and 37.3% of
the vote.
Slide 13
Not a chance mate! Why do you think Hindenburg refused the make
Hitler Chancellor? At the meeting in August 1932 Hindenburg refused
to offer Hitler the Chancellorship. He could not answer, he said,
before God, his conscience and the fatherland, if he handed over
the entire power of the government to a single party and one which
was intolerant towards those with different views. Despite Hitlers
demands for the role of Chancellor von Papen stayed on in the role
at Hindenburgs request. Von Papen though the Nazis were a flash in
the pan and ordered a new election for November 1932.
Slide 14
NASDAP = Nazi SPD = Social Democrats KPD = Communists Zentrum =
Centre Party Nazis win 196 seats and 33.1% of the vote. Centre
Party wins 70 seats and 11.0% of the vote. Lets abolish the
constitution! No? Im off! Lets abolish the constitution! No? Im
off!
Slide 15
As very few people trusted or supported von Papen, I Kurt von
Scheicher was made chancellor. I attempted to form a huge coalition
but I didnt really work and upset the Nazis.
Slide 16
Chancellor von Papen Adolf Hitler I know weve had our
differences but Von Papen was so desperate to return to power he
met with Hitler in January 1933 and decided that Hitler should lead
with him a Chancellor. Hitler could be controlled. Many rich
industrialists got behind this plan as they believed that Hitler
would save Germany from a possible communist revolution. Von Papen
was so desperate to return to power he met with Hitler in January
1933 and decided that Hitler should lead with him a Chancellor.
Hitler could be controlled. Many rich industrialists got behind
this plan as they believed that Hitler would save Germany from a
possible communist revolution.
Slide 17
A strong figurehead eh Von Papen convinced Hindenburg that
Hitler would be a figurehead to bring back stability but that he
could be controlled. On 30 January 1933 Hitler succeeded in
becoming Chancellor by legal and democratic means. So what was
political scheming and how did it help Hitler to become
Chancellor?
Slide 18
20 minutes Complete task four on page 107. Complete task one on
page 129. Complete task eight on page 122. Complete task two on
page 124. Complete task eight on page 116. Complete task four on
page 107. Complete task one on page 129. Complete task eight on
page 122. Complete task two on page 124. Complete task eight on
page 116. ALL OF US will be able to give reasons why Hitler became
Chancellor and extract information from sources. (E3-D2) EVEN
BETTER IF you can explain reasons how Hitler became Chancellor use
your own knowledge to explain why a source is/nt useful. (D1-B3)
EXCELLENT IF you can comment on how the authorship of a source
affects its view and use your own knowledge to judge the extent to
which a source supports a specific view. (B2-A1) ALL OF US will be
able to give reasons why Hitler became Chancellor and extract
information from sources. (E3-D2) EVEN BETTER IF you can explain
reasons how Hitler became Chancellor use your own knowledge to
explain why a source is/nt useful. (D1-B3) EXCELLENT IF you can
comment on how the authorship of a source affects its view and use
your own knowledge to judge the extent to which a source supports a
specific view. (B2-A1)
Slide 19
How did Hitler go from a democratically elected Chancellor to
the Fuhrer?!?!?
Slide 20
How did the Reichstag Fire help Hitler to consolidate
power?!?!? Hitler became Chancellor on 30 th January 1933 and
called for a new election on 5 th March 1933 as he did not want to
work with other parties. Reichstag was burned down one week before
these elections, and blamed on a communist found at the scene.
(Marinus van der Lubbe) Hitler used this as an excuse for a massive
propaganda campaign against the Communists, suggesting they wanted
to destroy democracy. Convinced Hindenburg to pass the Decree for
the Protection of People and State which gave Hitler the power to
round up political opposition (particularly Communists). Non Nazis
were unable to hold meetings in run up to election. Nazis won 43.9%
of vote in March 1933 election.
Slide 21
How did the Enabling Act help Hitler to consolidate power?!?!?
Despite having combining with National Party to gain a majority in
Reichstag, Hitler needed two thirds of the seats to make the
changes to the Constitution that he wanted. Enabling Bill would
give Hitler full governmental powers for next four years. In the
vote` for the bill communist members were not allowed to vote, the
SA was used to intimidate politicians as they entered the building.
Also, Hitler gains support of Catholic centre party by promising
not to interfere with Catholic schools. Law was passed, 444 votes
to 94. Effectively the end of democracy and regarded as the
foundation stone of the Third Reich. Leads to suspension of civil
liberties, control of media, censorship, and the implementation of
Gleichschaltung.
Slide 22
How did banning political parties and trade unions help Hitler
to consolidate power? 2 nd May 1933 trade unions were banned and
replaced by the DAF. Trade Unions could have organised workers
resistance against the Nazis through strike actions, this was now
not possible as strikes were banned. Law Against the Formation of
Political Parties passed on 14 th July 1933 made Nazi party the
only legal political party in Germany. After the Social Democrat
Party had its assets seized all other parties disbanded
voluntarily. In November 1933 election Nazis won 95.2% of the
vote.
Slide 23
How did the Night of Long Knives help Hitler to consolidate
power?!?!? The SA had grown in number to nearly two million,
compared to the 100,000 of the German army. Army felt threatened by
Rohm, who wanted the army incorporated into his SA. Many in the SA
were working class and held socialist views. (Wealth should be
redistributed to the poor). Rohm had TOO MUCH POWER. Rohm and
others were homosexuals. Hitler wanted the support of the German
army to make his rule legitimate. At 3am on 30 th June 1934,
hundreds of regional SA leaders and Rohm were arrested on Hitlers
orders, taken to prison, and shot dead. The murders were committed
by Hitlers own black- shirted SS guards, who were fiercely loyal to
him. Removed a major source of opposition, sealed the support of
the German Army, Hitler showed how he would deal with threats to
his power.
Slide 24
How did the death of Hindenburg help Hitler to consolidate
power?!?!? Last threat to Hitlers power was President Hindenburg
who was old and frail. In August 1934 Hindenburg died (of natural
causes). Hitler now combined his role with that of President and
became Commander-in-Chief of the army. Hitler held a referendum on
19 th August to get public backing and 90% of the voters supported
his becoming the Fuhrer.