How Brazilian Immigrants Vote (Presidential Elections 2010)
Alvaro Lima, February 2013
Brazilian Immigrant Electorate Characteris@cs…
According to the elec.on commission (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral), the number of Brazilian voters abroad increased significantly, going from 69,937 in 2002 to 86,360 in 2006, surpassing 200,000 voters in 2010; •
The Brazilian electorate abroad comprises 1.85% of the Brazilian electorate, totaling 135,804,433 voters;
Brazilian voters abroad are mainly females (60.4%) with a higher degree of educa.on than Brazilian men abroad. While only 29% of the laQer have finished college, 33% of Brazilian women voters have college degrees. The mean college-‐level educa.on of the total electorate abroad is 31.16%. Sixty four per cent of voters in the total electorate with a college degree or higher are women;••
The majority of voters abroad are between the ages of 25 and 59 (83.7%). Younger voters between the ages of 16 and 24, represent only 9.53% of total voters abroad. Voters over 60 years of age total 6.61%;
Brazilian immigrant voters are concentrated in Europe (51%), followed by North America (26%); La.n America & the Caribbean (12%); Asia (7%); the Middle East (2%); Oceania (1%); and Africa (1%):
• July 2010 data. Available at hQp://www.tse.jus.br/internet/eleicoes/regi_uf_blank.htm. •• The educa.onal profile of the electorate has not changed much from elec.on to elec.on, with a small varia.on in the voters with complete and incomplete college; 34,43% and 15.78 in 2002; 34,31% and 15,09% in 2006; 31,16% and 13,88% in 2010 respec.vely. Note 1: The sta.s.cs that reference the Brazilian electorate abroad include Brazilian immigrants and non-‐immigrants such as the members of the diploma.c corps, students, etc.. Note 2: According to Ministério das Relações Exteriores do Brasil, the Brazilian immigrant popula.on in 2010 is 3,040,993.
AFRICA 1%
NORTH AMERICA
26%
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
12% ASIA 7%
EUROPE 51%
OCEANIA 1%
MIDDLE EAST 2%
Figure 1: DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELECTORATE ABROAD
First and Second Round Results of the 2010 Elec@ons
Brazilian voters abroad cast 84,303 valid votes in the first turn of the 2010 elec.on. Absentee levels were high (42%) when compared to voters in the na.onal territory (18%). In the second turn, rates of absenteeism among voters abroad decreased (from 42% to 40%) while absenteeism among voters in the na.onal territory increased (from 18% to 21.5%);
This low vo.ng rate among Brazilians abroad together with the fact that only 7 in every 100 Brazilians abroad register to vote (compared to 70 in every 100 Brazilians in the na.onal territory) shows the low engagement in the electoral process by Brazilians abroad. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the vo.ng distribu.on on both turns of the 2010 elec.on by con.nent:
AFRICA 1%
NORTH AMERICA 36%
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
15%
ASIA 8%
EUROPE 37%
OCEANIA 1%
MIDDLE EAST 2%
Figure 2: DISTRIBUTION OF VOTES BY CONTINENT – 1st TURN
AFRICA 1%
NORTH AMERICA 36%
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
15%
ASIA 8%
EUROPE 37%
OCEANIA 1%
MIDDLE EAST 2%
Figure 3: DISTRIBUTION OF VOTES BY CONTINENT – 2nd TURN
The Brazilian electorate abroad voted in 154 locali.es and 624 polling sta.ons distributed in five con.nents. The largest electorate is in the United States (66,940); followed by Portugal (23,182 voters); Italy (14,903 voters); Japan (11,827 voters); and Germany (8,533 voters).
New York is the city with the largest electorate with 21,076 voters represen.ng 10.5% of the Brazilian immigrant electorate; followed by Lisbon with 12,360 voters (6.2%); Boston (12,330 or 6.1%); Milan (11,415 or 5.7%); Porto (10,822 or 5.4%); and Miami (10,273 or 5.1%);
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the vo.ng distribu.on in the United States. In the first turn, New York accounted for 31% of the valid votes, followed by Boston (20%), and Miami (16%). In the second turn, this distribu.on did not change much, with New York, Boston, and Miami occupying the same posi.ons:
ATLANTA 3% BOSTON
20%
CHICAGO 2%
HARTFORD 1%
HOUSTON 6%
LOS ANGELES 5% MIAMI
16%
NEW YORK 31%
SAN FRANCISCO 6%
WASHINGTON 10%
Figure 4: 2010 ELECTION UNITED STATES – 1st TURN
ATLANTA 3%
BOSTON 21%
CHICAGO 2%
HARTFORD 1%
HOUSTON 5%
LOS ANGELES 5%
MIAMI 16%
NEW YORK 32%
SAN FRANCISCO 6%
WASHINGTON 9%
Figure 5: 2010 ELECTION UNITED STATES – 2nd TURN
Aker the results of the first turn of the 2010 elec.ons were compiled, the three candidates with the most votes had a total of 81,891 votes with the candidate from the Par.do da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB), José Serra, receiving 33,933 of the valid votes, followed by the candidate from the Par.do dos Trabalhadores (PT), Dilma Roussef, with 30,736 followed by the candidate from the Par.do Verde (PV), Marina da Silva, with 17,222 votes;
This vo.ng paQern is very different from that of the resident Brazilian popula.on. Among the resident popula.on, the PT candidate obtained 46.91% of the votes, while, abroad, she obtained only 36.5% of the valid votes. The PSDB candidate, on the other hand, obtained 40.2% of the immigrant vote while receiving only 32.61% of the vote in Brazil. Finally, Marina da Silva showed a greater balance between the votes she received outside (20.4%) and within the country (19.33%):
1st Turn: 33,933 votes or 40.2% of the votes abroad (32.61% in Brazil)
1st Turn: 30,736 votes or 36.5% of the votes abroad (46.91% in Brazil)
1st Turn: 17,222 votes or 20.4% of the votes abroad (19.33% in Brazil)
In the second turn, this trend did not change. In Brazil the PT candidate received 56.05% of the votes, while abroad she received only 40.87%. As in the first turn, the PSDB candidate had the majority of the immigrant vote (59.13%) while in the na.onal territory he received only 43.95% of the valid votes. The difference between the first and second turns was 13,980 more votes for the PSDB candidate:
2nd Turn: 47,913 votes or 59.13% of the votes abroad (43.95% in Brazil)
2nd Turn: 33,112 votes or 40.87% of the votes abroad (56.05% in Brazil)
First and Second Turn Results of the 2010 Elec@ons by Con@nent…
In the first turn of the 2010 elec.ons, the PSDB candidate won the majority of the votes in North America, Asia, and Oceania. The PT candidate had the majority of the votes of Europe, La.n America and the Caribbean, Middle East, and Africa. The candidate of the green party (PV) placed second in North America and Oceania – see Figures 6 – 12:
DILMA 24%
SERRA 49%
MARINA 25%
OTHERS 2%
Figure 6: 1st TURN 2010 – NORTH AMERICA
DILMA 23%
SERRA 43%
MARINA 31%
OTHERS 3%
Figure 8: 1st TURN 2010 -‐ OCEANIA
DILMA 28%
SERRA 55%
MARINA 13%
OTHERS 4%
Figure 7: 1st TURN 2010 -‐ ASIA
DILMA 46%
SERRA 31%
MARINA 21%
OTHERS 2%
Figure 9: 1st TURN 2010 -‐ EUROPE
DILMA 47%
SERRA 39%
MARINA 12%
OTHERS 2%
Figure 11: 1st TURN 2010 – LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
DILMA 60% SERRA
25%
MARINA 9%
OTHERS 6%
Figure 10: 1st TURN 2010 – MIDDLE EAST
DILMA 44%
SERRA 29%
MARINA 25%
OTHERS 2%
Figure 12: 1st TURN 2010 -‐ AFRICA
In the second turn, the PSDB candidate once again won the majority of the votes in North America, Asia, and Oceania, increasing his margins significantly in North America (from 49% in the first turn to 72% in the second), Asia (from 55% in the first turn to 74% in the second), and Oceania (from 43% in the first turn to 67% in the second). The PSDB candidate also won in La.n America. – see Figures 13 – 19:
DILMA 28%
SERRA 72%
Figure 13: 2nd TURN 2010 – NORTH AMERICA
DILMA 26%
SERRA 74%
Figure 14: 2nd TURN 2010 -‐ ASIA
DILMA 33%
SERRA 67%
Figure 15: 2nd TURN 2010 -‐ OCEANIA
DILMA 49%
SERRA 51%
Figure 16: 2nd TURN 2010 – LATIN AMERICA
DILMA 52%
SERRA 48%
Figure 17: 2nd TURN 2010 -‐ EUROPE
DILMA 67%
SERRA 33%
Figure 18: 2nd TURN 2010 – MIDDLE EAST
DILMA 58%
SERRA 42%
Figure 19: 2nd TURN 2010 -‐ AFRICA
The results of the first turn of the 2010 elec.on in Brazil were similar in some ways to the results in 2006. In 2010, the candidate of the PSDB, José Serra, won the majority of the votes in eight states, the candidate of the PT, Dilma Rouseff, won in 18 states and Marina da Silva won the Distrito Federal. Dilma won the same 16 states that President Lula won in 2006 and, the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Goiás. That is, only three states did not elect the same party in 2010 as they had in 2006.
AFRICA LATIN AMERICA & THE
CARIBBEAN**
NORTH AMERICA*
EUROPE ASIA MIDDLE EAST OCEANIA
2002 LULA LULA LULA CIRO SERRA LULA LULA
2006 LULA LULA ALCKMIN ALCKMIN ALCKMIN LULA ALCKMIN
2010 DILMA DILMA SERRA DILMA SERRA DILMA SERRA
Abroad, there were also similari.es between the first turn of the two elec.ons. Only La.n America & the Caribbean did not elect the same winning party as 2006. The PT con.nued its domina.on in Europe, Africa and the Middle East, while the PSDB con.nued to maintain majori.es in Asia and seemed to consolidate its gains in North America and Oceania:
* Does not include Mexico, ** Includes Mexico.
2002 ELECTIONS 1st TURN
2006 ELECTION 1st TURN
2010 ELECTION 1st TURN
Source: Revista Época, 2010
In the second turn, differences between 2010 and 2006 results were more significant. In this turn, four states did not elect the same party as 2006. Changes were also registered between the first and the second turns of the 2010 elec.ons. Dilma Rouseff won in Mato Grosso do Sul which was won by the candidate of the PSDB in the first turn and she also won the Distrito Federal won by the candidate of the PV. The candidate of the PSDB, on the other hand, won in Espírito Santo and Rio Grande do Sul, states that were won in the first turn by the candidate of the PT.
AFRICA LATIN AMERICA & THE
CARIBBEAN**
NORTH AMERICA*
EUROPE ASIA MIDDLE EAST OCEANIA
2002 LULA LULA LULA CIRO SERRA LULA LULA
2006 LULA LULA ALCKMIN ALCKMIN ALCKMIN LULA ALCKMIN
2010 DILMA DILMA SERRA SERRA SERRA DILMA SERRA
The results of the second turn seemed to show a consolida.on of the PSDB in North America, Asia, Oceania, and La.n America & Caribbean; and that of the PT in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.
* Does not include Mexico, ** Includes Mexico.
ELEIÇÃO 2010 2nd TURNO
2006 ELECTION 2nd TURN
Source: Revista Época, 2010
2002 ELECTION 2nd TURN
Legend
SERRA 39%
LULA 61%
Figure 20: VOTING DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE TWO FINALISTS -‐ BRAZIL
ALCKMIN 39%
LULA 61%
Figure 21: VOTING DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE TWO FINALISTS -‐ BRAZIL
SERRA 44%
DILMA 56%
Figure 22: VOTING DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE TWO FINALISTS -‐ BRAZIL
SERRA 40%
LULA 60%
Figure 23: VOTING DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE TWO FINALISTS -‐ EXTERIOR
ALCKMIN 54%
LULA 46%
FIGURE 24: VOTING DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE TWO FINALISTS – EXTERIOR
2002, 2006, AND 2010 ELECTION RESULTS IN BRAZIL AND ABROAD:
2002 2006 2010
2002 2006
+ 22% + 22% + 12%
+ 20% + 8%
The PT won the 2002 and 2006 elec.ons in Brazil by the same margin (22%). In the last elec.on in Brazil (2010), the candidate of the PT, Dilma Rouseff, won by a smaller margin (12%). Abroad, only the elec.on of 2002 showed similar results to that of the na.onal territory. The PSDB was victorious in the elec.ons of 2006 and 2010 abroad.
+ 18%
SERRA 59%
DILMA 41%
Figure 25: VOTING DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE TWO FINALISTS -‐ EXTERIOR
2010
3753
2510 1938
1312 1168
1152
1144 1009 961 929
2198
622
1795
536 590
1106
2094 2099 1976
251
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
NOVA
YORK
MIAMI
BOSTON
WASH
INGTO
N
NAGOYA
LONDRE
S
LISB
OA
PORT
O
MILAO
HOUSTON
Figure 29: DILMA VOTES IN THE CITIES THAT SERRA HAD HIS LARGEST VOTING
SERRA
DILMA
2198 2099 2094 1976 1795
1187 1177 1106 992 964
3753
1009 1144
961
1938
546 897
1152
496 618
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
NOVA
YORK
PORT
O
LISB
OA
MILÃO
BOSTON
BUEN
OS AIRES
ZURIQUE
LONDRE
S
CAIENA
PARIS
Figure 28: SERRA VOTES IN THE CITIES THAT DILMA HAD HER LARGEST VOTING
DILMA
SERRA
Figure 26 and 27 illustrate the ci.es in which the candidates of the PSDB and PT each had the majority of the votes. Figure 28 and 29 illustrate the votes of the two candidates in the ci.es in which the other had the majority of the votes. A comparison of these Figure shows that the candidate of the PSDB obtained more votes in the ci.es where Dilma Rouseff had her largest concentra.on of voters – New York, Boston, and London; while the candidate of the PT had the majority of the votes in the ci.es where the candidate of the PSDB had its largest concentra.on of voters – Lisbon, Porto, and Milan.
2198 2099 2094 1976 1795
1187 1177 1106 992 964
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
NOVA
YORK
PORT
O
LISB
OA
MILÃO
BOSTON
BUEN
OS AIRES
ZURIQUE
LONDRE
S
CAIENA
PARIS
# of Votes
Ci@es
Figure 26: 10 CITIES WHERE DILMA HAD HER LARGEST VOTING 3753
2510 1938
1312 1168 1152 1144 1009 961 929
0 500
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
NOVA
YORK
MIAMI
BOSTON
WASH
INGTO
N
NAGOYA
LONDRE
S
LISB
OA
PORT
O
MILAO
HOUSTON
# of Votes
Cidades
Figure 27: 10 CITIES WHERE SERRA HAD HIS LARGEST VOTING
5715
3340 3298
1784 1783 1667 1608 1516 1457
1429
2340
692
2040
640 1299
2289
557
2093
1359
1899
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
NOVA
YORK
MIAMI
BOSTON
WASH
INGTO
N
LONDRE
S
LISB
OA
NAGOYA
PORT
O
ZURIQUE
MILAO
Figure 33: DILMA’S VOTES IN THE 10 CITIES WHERE SERRA OBTAINED HIS LARGEST VOTING
SERRA
DILMA
In the second turn, as Figure 30 and 31 illustrate, some ci.es changed posi.on, but the ten ci.es in which the Pt candidate had the majority of her votes remained the same. The same occurred with the candidate of PSDB, with the excep.on of Houston which ceded its place to Zurique.
Figure 32 and 33 show the ci.es in which the candidate of PT had the highest number of votes (New York, Boston and London) while in the ci.es where the PSDB candidate had his highest number of votes, the candidate of PT had the majority of votes in Lisbon, Porto, and Milan. Therefore, there was no change between the first and second terms. The PSDB candidate increased his vo.ng margin in the second turn, however.
2340 2289 2093 2040
1899
1359 1299 1297 1037 986
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
NOVA
YORK
LISB
OA
PORT
O
BOSTON
MILAO
ZURIQUE
LONDRE
S
BUEN
OS AIRES
PARIS
CAIENA
# de
Votos
Ci@es
Figure 30: 10 CITIES WHERE DILMA OBTAINED HER LARGEST VOTING
5715
3340 3298
1784 1783 1667 1608 1516 1457 1429
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
NOVA
YORK
MIAMI
BOSTON
WASH
INGTO
N
LONDRE
S
LISB
OA
NAGOYA
PORT
O
ZURIQUE
MILAO
# de
Votos
Ci@es
Figure 31: 10 CITIES WHERE SERRA OBTAINED HIS LARGEST VOTING
2340 2289 2093 2040 1899 1359 1299 1297 1037 986
5715
1667 1516
3298
1429 1457 1783
748 772 665
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
NOVA
YORK
LISB
OA
PORT
O
BOSTON
MILAO
ZURIQUE
LONDRE
S
BUEN
OS AIRES
PARIS
CAIENA
Figure 32: SERRA’S VOTES IN THE 10 CITIES WHERE DILMA OBTAINED HER LARGEST VOTING
DILMA
SERRA
2010 Results of the First and Second Turns in North America…
The candidate of the PSDB had the most votes in North America (49%) compared to 24% and 25% for the candidates of the PV and PT respec.vely. The candidate of the PSDB had most of the votes both in the United States and Canada. In the United States, he obtained 49% of the votes followed by the candidate of the PV (25%) and the PT (24%). In Canada, the majority of the votes went to the candidate of the PSDB (47%) followed by the candidate of the PV (26%) with the candidate of the PT totalling only 25%. It is worth highligh.ng that the candidate of the PV, Marina da Silva, finished second in these two countries (see Figures 34 -‐ 36);
DILMA 24%
SERRA 49%
MARINA 25%
OTHERS 2%
Figure 34: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTIONS – NORTH AMERICA
DILMA 24%
SERRA 49%
MARINA 25%
OTHERS 2%
Figure 35: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTIONS – UNITED STATES
DILMA 25%
SERRA 47%
MARINA 26%
OTHERS 2%
Figure 36: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTIONS – CANADA
In the United States, the candidate of the PSDB had the most votes in all ci.es of the country: Atlanta (Serra 54%, Marina 23%, Dilma 21%); Chicago (Serra 61%, Marina 23%, Dilma 15%); Boston (Serra 36%, Dilma 34%, Marina 28%); Haruord (Serra 38%, Dilma 30%, Marina 28%); Houston (Serra 62%, Marina 19%, Dilma 17%); Los Angeles (Serra 54%, Marina 23%, Dilma 21%); Miami (Serra 59%, Marina 25%, Dilma 15%); New York (Serra 45%, Dilma 26%, Marina 25%); San Francisco (Serra 53%, Marina 25%, Dilma 20%); Washington (Serra 52%, Marina 25%, Dilma 21%) – see the following Figures:
21%
54%
23%
1, 2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of V
otes
Candidates
Figure 38: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION – ATLANTA
ATLANTA 3% BOSTON
20%
CHICAGO 2%
HARTFORD 1%
HOUSTON 6%
LOS ANGELES 5% MIAMI
16%
NOVA YORK 31%
SAO FRANCISCO
6%
WASHINGTON 10%
Figure 37: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION – UNITED STATES
34% 36%
28%
2%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 40: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ BOSTON
15%
61%
23%
1% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 39: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION – CHICAGO
30%
38%
28%
4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 41: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ HARTFORD
17%
62%
19%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of V
otes
Candidates
Figure 42: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ HOUSTON
21%
54%
23%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of V
otes
Candidates
Figure 43: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ LOS ANGELES
15%
59%
25%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of V
otes
Candidates
Figure 43: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ MIAMI
26%
45%
25%
3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 45: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION NOVA YORK
20%
53%
25%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 46: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION SÃO FRANCISCO
21%
52%
25%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 47: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ WASHINGTON
As in the first turn, the candidate of the PSDB was the candidate with the most votes in North America moving from 49% to 72% (which may indicate that the majority of the votes given in the first turn to the candidate of the PV (25%) went to the candidate of the PSDB). The candidate of the PT also increased her numbers but not on the same scale (from 24% to 28%). This trend was followed in the United States and Canada. In the United States, the candidate of the PSDB obtained 72% while in Canada he obtained 68% – see Figures 48 – 50.
DILMA 28%
SERRA 72%
Figure 48: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ NORTH AMERICA
DILMA 28%
SERRA 72%
Figure 49: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION – UNITED STATES
DILMA 32%
SERRA 68%
Figure 50: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION -‐ CANADA
In the United States, in the second turn, the candidate of the PSDB not only was the candidate with the majority of the votes in all ci.es of the country as in the first turn (see Figures 52 – 61), but also considerably increased his margins as illustrated by Figure 62:
ATLANTA 3% BOSTON
21%
CHICAGO 2%
HARTFORD 1%
HOUSTON 5%
LOS ANGELES 5%
MIAMI 16%
NOVA YORK 32%
0%
SAO FRANCISCO 6%
WASHINGTON 9%
Figure 51: -‐ UNITED STATES
23%
77%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 52: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION ATLANTA
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
20%
80%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 53: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION CHICAGO
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
38%
62%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 54: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION BOSTON
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
34%
66%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 55: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION HARTFORD
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
19%
81%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 56: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION HOUSTON
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
22%
78%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 57: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION LOS ANGELES
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
17%
83%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 58: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION MIAMI
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
29%
71%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 59: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION NOVA YORK
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
26%
74%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 60: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION SAO FRANCISCO
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
26%
74%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 61 : 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION WASHINGTON
Candidates
% dos Votes
21%
15%
34%
30%
17%
21%
15%
26%
20% 21% 23%
20%
38%
34%
19%
22%
17%
29%
26% 26%
54%
61%
36% 38%
62%
54%
59%
45%
53% 52%
77%
80%
62%
66%
81%
78%
83%
71%
74%
71%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
ATLANTA
CHICAG
O
BOSTON
HART
FORD
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MIAMI
NOVA
YORK
SÃO FRA
NCISCO
WASH
INGTO
N
Figure 62: VOTING MARGINS IN THE 1st AND 2nd TURNS – UNITED STATES
DILMA (1 E 2 TURNOS)
SERRA (1 E 2 TURNOS)
Figure62 describes the difference between the vo.ng margins of the first and second turns and illustrates the large margins reached by the candidate of the PSDB in both turns, with a significant increase in the second turn:
Canada follows the same paQern as the United States in both turns with the candidate of the PSDB winning in Toronto (Serra 49%, Dilma 26%, Marina 24%); Vancouver (Serra 63%, Marina 35%, Dilma 0%); OQawa (Serra 48%, Marina 25%, Dilma 24%); and Montreal (Serra 43%, Dilma 30%, Marina 26%) – see Figures.
MONTREAL 41%
OTTAWA 10%
TORONTO 42%
VANCOUVER 7%
Figure 63: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION CANADA
0%
63%
35%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% dos votos
Candidates
Figure 64: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION VANCOUVER
26%
49%
24%
1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 65: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION TORONTO
24%
48%
25%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 66: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION OTTAWA
30%
43%
26%
1%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
DILMA SERRA MARINA OUTROS % of Vo
tes
Candidates
Figure 67: 1st TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION MONTREAL
In the second turn, as in the United States, the margins in Canada increased significantly in favor of the candidate of the PSDB – see Figures 69 -‐ 72.
MONTREAL 40%
OTTAWA 10%
TORONTO 42%
VANCOUVER 8%
Figure 68: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION CANADA
28%
72%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 69: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION VANCOUVER
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
29%
71%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 70: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION TORONTO
% of Vo
tes
Candidates
33%
67%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 71: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION OTTAWA
Candidates
% of Vo
tes 36%
64%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
DILMA SERRA
Figure 72: 2nd TURN OF THE 2010 ELECTION MONTREAL
Candidates
% of Vo
tes
Figure 73 describes the difference between the vo.ng margins in the two turns, and illustrates the high margins achieved by the candidate of the PSDB in both turns, with a significant increase in the second turn:
0%
26% 24%
30% 28% 29%
33% 36%
63%
49% 48%
43%
72% 71%
67% 64%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
VANCOUVER TORONTO OTTAWA MONTREAL
Figure 73: VOTING MARGINS IN THE 1st AND 2nd TURNS -‐ CANADA
DILMA (1 E 2 TURNOS)
SERRA (1 E 2 TURNOS)
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