How Animals Live Chapter 2 Review

What do animals need to survive?

• Water

• Food

• Air (oxygen)

• Shelter

Butterfly life

cycle

• During the larva stage, the butterfly is called

a caterpillar.

• During the pupa stage, the caterpillar forms a

hard covering called a chrysalis.

• Only moths, not butterflies, form cocoons.

Metamorphosis

Frog life cycle

Metamorphosis

Grouping animals(taxonomy)

• Animals can be grouped by their traits, where they live, how they act, how they look, etc.

• In the animal kingdom, there are two main groups of animals

• Vertebrates

• Invertebrates

It’s not necessary to memorize every type of invertebrate. Just know worms/insects/spiders are part of this group & they have no backbone.

Know the 5 main groups of vertebrates

Invertebrates

• Invertebrates are animals that

do not have backbones.

• Examples of invertebrates are

worms, insects, spiders, and

sea jellies.

What is a vertebrate?

• A vertebrate is an animal

with a backbone.

• Humans are vertebrates.

5 Main Groups of Vertebrates

1. Mammals

2. Amphibians

3. Reptiles

4. Birds

5. Fish

Amphibians

• Spend parts of their lives in water and part on

land.

• Have smooth, moist skin.

• Most breathe air through lungs only as adults

and get oxygen through gills only when young.

• Lay eggs.

• Includes frogs, toads, and salamanders.

Reptiles

• Have dry, scaly skin

• Breathe air through lungs

• Lay eggs

• Examples include turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, alligators, and geckos.

• Our classroom pet, Waldo the crested gecko, is a reptile!

Mammals

• Most have hair or fur at least part of their lives

• Most developed inside their mothers

• Breathe with lungs

• Feed milk to their young

Fish

• Have slippery scales

• Breathe with gills

• Spend their entire lives

in water

• Most lay eggs

Birds

• Have feathers and bills

• Breath with lungs

• Most fly

• Have wings and light

bones

• Lay eggs

What is an adaptation?

• An adaptation is a trait that

helps an animal meet its needs

and survive in its habitat (the

place where it lives).

What are the purposes of adaptations?

• Two main purposes

include:

• To help animals get

food

• For protection from

predators

Adaptations to help animals get food

• Examples:

•Cardinals have short, strong bills to help them break open seeds.

•Pelicans have a bill with a pouch to help them catch fish.

Adaptations for protection from predators

• Examples:

•Porcupines have barbed quills.

•Lionfish have poisonous spines.

•Horned lizards have horns on their

backs.

Ways

animals

protect

themselve

s

Camouflage

Armor

Mimicry

Poison/bad taste/bad smell

Camouflage

• Camouflage helps protect animals

by helping them blend into their

surroundings.

• Example:

• Walking sticks looks like twigs to

confuse predators into thinking they

are not really insects.

Armor

• Body parts such as shells, claws,

spikes, and thorns help protect

animals from other animals.

Mimicry

• Some animals have colors or markings that copy (mimic) those of another animal that is poisonous, tastes bad, etc.

• This tricks predators into leaving this animal alone.

• Example:

• The viceroy butterfly looks like the bad-tasting Monarch butterfly.

Poison/Bad Taste/Bad Smell

• Examples:

• Poisonous snake venom

• Monarch butterflies taste bad

• Skunks can spray a bad odor

What does inherited mean?

• Inherited means “passed on from parents to their offspring.”

• You inherited certain features from your parents – maybe your eye color, hair

color, or facial features look like either mom or dad.

• Animals also inherit traits from their parents. These traits often help them

meet their needs where they live. For example, webbed feet are adaptations

that certain birds have developed to help them swim in water better. This

adaptation is inherited by the young from their parents.

What is an instinct?

• An instinct is a behavior an is animal is born able to do.

• Animals do NOT have to learn instincts from their parents.

• Examples:

• Baby birds are born able to open their mouths when they sense food nearby. They do not have to learn this.

• Some animals, such as bears, have an instinct to hibernate during the winter.

Hibernation

• Some animals hibernate during the winter

months. They have an instinct to hibernate.

• During hibernation, their body systems slow

down and they don’t need much food to

survive.

Zzzzz...

Migration

• Some animals, such as

certain birds and

butterflies, have an

instinct to migrate, or

move, when the seasons

change.

Review your sheet from the bear video

• Be able to describe one

adaptation you wrote

about from the video

and know how this

adaptation helps the

bear.

How do we learn about animals from the past?

How do we compare them with today’s animals?

• Fossils are imprints of animals that lived long ago.

• Sometimes the actual bones of extinct animals were preserved in various ways. Example: If an animal fell in a tar pit, the bones of that animal may have been preserved.

• Fossils molds leave a cavity or mold in the shape of animal parts.

• Fossil casts are similar to molds but get filled in with other materials such as rock.

• Some insect or small animals got trapped in tree sap, which hardened into amber and preserved them over time.

This is the only one you

need to know for the

test!

Amber

• Some insects and other small

animals got trapped in tree sap long

ago. Over time, this sap turned into

a hard, yellowish-orange or reddish-

brown substance called amber.