Hotel Village Eldorado – Atibaia, Brazil08 May, 2007
what is the problem creative commons is trying to solve?
A2K for scientific material
the 1st copyright law in the world ?
A2K for scientific material
A2K for scientific material
Statute of Anne of 1710
“An Act for the Encouragement of Learning...”
A2K for scientific material
Statute of Anne of 1710
against the perpetual monopoly granted to the
Stationer's Company
publishers
eternal copyrights = right to copy
A2K for scientific material
Statute of Anne of 1710
against the perpetual monopoly granted to the
Stationer's Company
authors
limited term of 14 years
A2K for scientific material
function of copyrights
“... promoting creative intellectual
activity (...) in order to accelerate
economic, social and cultural
development ...”
1974 Agreement between the UN and WIPO, art. 1
A2K for scientific material
function of copyrights
Brazilian Constitution
“authors have the exclusive rights of using,
publishing or reproducing their works,
transmissible to their heirs for the term
fixed by law”
Article 5, paragraph XXVII, Brazilian Constitution 1988
A2K for scientific material
function of copyrights
Brazilian Constitution
are these exclusive rights, absolute rights ?
A2K for scientific material
function of copyrights
Brazilian Constitution
“the State will guarantee to all the full
exercise of cultural rights and access
to national cultural fonts...”
Article 215, Brazilian Constitution 1988
A2K for scientific material
function of copyrights
Brazilian Constitution
“the State will promote and foster
scientific development, research and
technological capacity-building...”
Article 218, Brazilian Constitution 1988
A2K for scientific material
function of copyrights
Brazilian Constitution
the economic order (...) shall observe the
following principle:
“social function of property”
Article 170, paragraph III, Brazilian Constitution 1988
A2K for scientific material
function of copyrights
private interest
x
public interest
A2K for scientific material
foster creativity ?
14 years 1710
life of author + 70 years 2007
A2K for scientific material
foster creativity ?
A2K for scientific material
author or publisher ?
who is the owner ?
A2K for scientific material
author or publisher ?
Pedro Paranaguá
“Propriedade Intelectual”
(Intellectual Property)
Am I authorized to copy and/or distribute it,
for educational and non-commercial purposes ?
What about small parts ?
A2K for scientific material
exceptions and limitations to copyrights
Brazil Law no. 9.610/98
no educational (classroom) exception !
A2K for scientific material
exceptions and limitations to copyrights
Brazil Law no. 9.610/98
art. 46 – The following do not infringe copyrights:
II – the sole reproduction of small parts,
for the copier's private use, provided the
copy is made by the copier, without the
intent to profit
A2K for scientific material
exceptions and limitations to copyrights
is it respected ?
A2K for scientific material
exceptions and limitations to copyrights
what if a book is out of print ?
A2K for scientific material
exceptions and limitations to copyrights
Germany
after 2 years out of print
authorised full copy
A2K for scientific material
exceptions and limitations to copyrights
Brazil
Social Science USP 30% out of print
Business FGV-SP 45% out of print
P. Ortellado & J. Machado, “Direitos autorais e o acesso às publicacões científicas”,
Revista Adusp 37, Aug. 2006
A2K for scientific material
exceptions and limitations to copyrights
does not need registration
automatic
copyright protection
what does it mean ?
serviette / napkin
+
beer
=
potential author
what is the problem creative commons is trying to solve?
• copyright automatically applies to creative, expressive works upon fixation
• pervasiveness of copyright in the digital
age
• emergence of the peer production and remix
cultures
the proposal . . .
©
Absolute Control
v. No Control
All rights
reserved
No rights
reserved
©
Absolute Control
v. No Control
No All rights
reserved
No rights
reserved
Some rightsreserved
Reasonable Copyright
©
Absolute Control
v. No Control
No All rights
reserved
No rights
reserved
Some rightsreserved
Reasonable Copyright
the proposal
licenses allowing the world to copy and distribute a work provided that the
licensee credits the author/licensor
NonCommercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike
Attribution - MandatoryAttribution - Mandatory
developing nations
sampling
• Nonprofit organisation
– Based in San Francisco, offices in Berlin & London
– International network of over 40 countries
• Offering legal and technical toolkits
– CC Licenses– Publishing tools– Find: partner with tech companies to develop tools for the general public to easily search for CC licensed content
Creative Commons Brasil
FGV DIREITO RIO Creative Commons
+
www.creativecommons.org.br
Answer five simple questions to choose a license:
Simple License Generator
Answer five simple questions to choose a license:
Simple License Generator
License produced in 3 different formats
Searchability Relies on Metadata
by Dani Apanola
by Dani Apanola
by Dani Apanola
1 out of 295 pages indexed by Yahoo’s
140,000,000
1
2
but who uses it ?
enabling open educational resources & scolarly research
ScienceScience Commons
John Wilbanks (bioinformatics)
John Sulston (Nobel)
Michel Eisen (bioinformatics)
Paul David (economist)
Lawrence Lessig (Law Prof.)
James Boyle (Law Prof.)
MIT (artificial intelligence lab.)
ScienceScience Commons
free access and biomedic research
free access and educational
material
free access (cientists and
physicians)
free access to academic material
Brazil
Brazil
"Brasil Inovador"40 success cases
CAPES - Brazil
• + than 9,4449,444 national and international periodicals
• 163163 higher educational and research
institutions
• Science Direct (50% accesses)
• USP (23%), Unicamp (15%)
15 million articles downloaded / 2006
CNPqCNPq supports publication on open accessopen access vehicles
SupportSupport the beneficiaries of projects and scholarships granted by CNPq to publishpublish her/his work under the principles of open open accessaccess model, and to maitain her/his works on electronic repositories of public accesspublic access
CNPq will prioritarily support national
academic journals that adopt open accessopen access
models
Access to Knowledge (A2K)
FGV DIREITO RIO A2K
+
www.a2kbrasil.org.brwww.a2kbrasil.org.br
enabling open educational resources & scolarly research
it is possible ... and working !