Hitachi Zosen Inova Dr. Michael KeuneckeWaste is our energy:Energy recovery from MSW and RDF with a well proven technology
13th Symposium on Waste Management- 2014, Zagreb
1990: 400 Mt
2010: 640 Mt
2020: 1’000 Mt
2025: 2.2 billion tonnes
2010: 1.3 billion tonnes
It’s a fact!
Worldwide MSW volumeSource: World Bank Report “What a Waste”, 2012
MtCO2-e Emissions from landfills Source: Monni at al 2006
MSW- Management in Croatia
1.630.000 t/y of MSW (2010)Separate collected waste 38% bulky waste, 20% organic waste, 8% paper is mostly landfilledNo landfill ban, no landfill tax 4% of the waste is recycled with the target to achieve 10% in 202096% of MSW is landfilled with the target to achieve 35% in 2020Waste management centers are planed with EU fundingOne project for EfW in Zagreb foreseen
MBT versus. EFW Mass balance
Mechanical biological treatment
Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )
Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )
Thermal treatment+ val. of energy
RDF to Thermal treatment.: 300 kg
Dust (to landfill) 15 - 20 kg
combustionAir
Slag (reusable) 250 - 280 kg
Water + CO2 1200 - 1500 kg
Steam: 3000 kg⇒Power / District heating or cooling
Fraction to landfill 300 – 400 kg
Water + CO2 200 - 250 kg
Inert materials (metalls/stones)100 – 150 kg
MBT versus. EFW Required space 90’000 tons/year
1x
4 – 5 x
EFW Plant
MBT Plant
1x
4 - 5 x
MBT versus. EFW 90’000 tons/year
EFW Zorbau :
85.- €/toTendancy:
MBT Plant Cröbern
160.- €/toTendancy:
38‘000 to/year from MBT to EFW plant
MBT versus. EFW 90’000 tons/year
Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )
Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )
Electricity production:650 – 750 kW / to
treated wasteInternal demand*:
70 - 120 kW / to*depending FGT plant
No electricity production Autonomous if cogeneration plant is part of the MBT plant
**Otherwise: Demand from 60 –
80 kW / to
EFW Plant MBT Plant
Protect Habitat for Human Development
Energy from Waste – Sustainable Energy
Fight Deforestation• Waste is a
domestic fuel available in all industrialized areas (unlike biomass)
Protect Land• No need for
additional landfills
Protect Water• No leakage
from landfills• No effluents
from EfW-plant
Protect Air• Regulations for
EfW are more stringent than for coal fired power plants
• Negligible source of dioxin immissionscompared to total immissions
Protect Humans• Destruction or
concentration of hazardous compounds and germs
Non-combustible
Fe Al Disposal fly ashvitrified slag
Case 1 – gasification + conventional combustion (HITZ)
BFB gasifier (600°C)
combustion and ash melting at 1400°C
9 reference plants, e.g. 2 x 8 MWth in Kimotsuki, Japan (in operation since 2008)
Shredder HRSG for steam turbine (400°C, 40 bar)
conventional flue gas treatment
MSW
Source: HITZ, Hitachi Zosen
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Case 2 – SRF gasification + partial syngas cleaning (Valmet)
internal power consumption = 2.2%
ηCGE = 80%?
80%
Hot syngas
100%
MSW
Operating resources
ηST = 33% 29.7%
Powerηboiler = 80%
29.7%Steam
15%Hot flue gas
SRF Storage
CFB Gasifier (900°C) Gas cooling
Ceramic filter forsyngas cleaning (400°C)
Boiler + steam turbine (121 bar, 540°C)
Conventional flue gastreatment
Reference plant: 2 x 80 MWth in Lathi, Finland (in operation since 2012)
Source: www.metso.com
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Case 3 – plasma gasification + gas turbine (Alter NRG + Air Products)
ASU
updraft gasifier (1600°C) syngas cooling and
clean-up
Reference plant: ~140 MWth in Tees Valley, UK (under construction)
Source: www.alternrg.com
syngas compression + combustion in gas turbine
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Gasification vs combustion - summary
ConventionalWtE
Gasification + conv. Boiler
SRF Gasification + adv. Boiler
Plasma gasification + Gas turbine
Efficiency (MSW to electricity) 25-30% 15-25% 27% 28%
Material recovery Fe, Non-Fe, PM, REE
Fe, Non-Fe, vitrified slag
Fe, Non-Fe, Plastics, …
Metalcompound, vitrified slag
Residues todispose 25 w% 6 w%* 25 w% 4 w%*
Emissions Withinregulations
Withinregulations
Withinregulations
Withinregulations
Operating resourceconsumption
Gas treatmentGas treatment
+Limestone
Gas treatmentGas treatment,
+ Coke andLimestone
Availability > 90% 80% ? ?
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* assumes that vitrified slag finds further usage
Reliable Grate Combustion Systems for Energy from Waste
Types of Waste
Municipal solid waste (non or pre-treated) and comparable industrial wastes
Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
Co-combustion (< 10%) of sewage sludge, hospital waste, shredded tires
Range of Capacity
Throughput 5 - 44 t/h
Net calorific value 6 - 18 MJ/kg
Thermal capacity 12 - 120 MW/line
Taylor-made Systems
Air and water-cooled grate furnaces
2 – 5 pass energy recovery boilers
13HZI Company Presentation
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Dry Scrubbing
TypesXerosorpXerosorp+
Main FeaturesDry flue gas treatment process for the removal of acidic gaseous contaminants by absorption with sodium bicarbonate.DeDiox with activated carbonGas/Solid – separation in fabric filterCombination of the above process with low temperature DeNOx: Xerosorp+
CapacityFlue gas volume up to 250,000 m³/h
HZI Company Presentation
Reactor/Filter SCR Catalyst Heat exchanger
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Electric Power
Main FeaturesOnly electricity production without heat utilization
EfficiencyUp to 27%
HZI Company Presentation
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Combined Heat and Power
Main ProcessCombined heat and power with moderate heat demand part time or throughout the whole year
EfficiencyUp to 62%
Main ProcessCombined heat and power with high heat demand and heat export throughout all or most of the year
EfficiencyUp to 84%
HZI Company Presentation
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Combined Cold and Power
Main ProcessCombined cold and power with moderate heat demand part time or throughout the whole year
EfficiencyUp to 50%
HZI Company Presentation
… but also Material-from-Waste!
MetalRecovery• Precious metal• Ferrous• Aluminium
MfW
Not only Energy-from-Waste …
Energy Recovery• Power• Steam
• Heating• Cooling
PfW
CfW
HfW
SfW
Beyond Energy from Waste
PREVENTION
PREPARE FOR RE-USE
RECYCLING
OTHER RECOVERY
DISPOSAL
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Waste is our Energy.Engineering is our Business.Sustainable Solutions are our Mission.
Thank you for your attention
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