Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth EditionElaine N. Marieb
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky
5The Integumentary System
Dr. Jason SchwartzDr. Jason Schwartz
Anatomy & Physiology I Lab Anatomy & Physiology I Lab
IRCCIRCC
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skin (Integument)
Figure 5.1
Skin Model
Eccrine
Apocrine Sweat Gland
Epidermal Layers and Keratinization
Epidermis MnemonicLayers from top down or the most superficial to deeper layers: Can Lucy Get Some Bagels
Fig. 6.2a
Epidermis Mnemonic
• Layers from top down or the most superficial to deeper layers:
• Can Lucy Get Some Bagels
EpidermisEpidermis
• Type of Epithelium?
• _vascular
• Different layers (=strata)– 4 layers in thin skin– 5 layers in thick skin
Stratum germinativum
= stratumbasale
Innermost, single layer
Stratum BasalCell types:• Stem cells (basal cells)• Melanocytes• Merkel cells (touch receptors in hairless skin only)
Stratum spinosumSeveral cells
thick
Stratum Spinosum• Stem cell daughter cells (some can still divide)• Melanocytes & Langerhans cells• Establishment of Desmosomes
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Granulosum• Cells displaced from stratum spinosum Keratinocytes• Production of keratohyalin and keratin fibers• Cells start to die. Dehydration leaves interlocked layers of
keratin & keratohyalin
Stratum lucidum
Stratum Lucidum• In palms of hands and soles of feet • Cells do not stain well clear (lucid) looking
• Many layers of flattened, dead cells, filled with keratin• Continually shed in sheaths• Water-resistant but not water proof
Stratum corneum15-30 layers
(much thicker in thick skin)
Stratum Corneum
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Sweat Glands or Sudoriferous Glands
Different types prevent overheating of the body; secrete cerumen and milk
Eccrine sweat glands – located all over the surface of the body
Apocrine sweat glands – found in axillary, anogenital area, areolae area of a woman’s breasts and a man’s bearded face area
Mammary glands – specialized apocrine sweat glands that secrete milk
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sweat Glands Eccrine Sweat Glands [7] Simple, coiled tubular glands are much more common than
Apocrine. Regulate body temperature through evaporation of perspiration Also plays a role in elimination – perspiration is diluted urine.
Drug detection as easy as taking a swipe of someone's sweat could someday be in the hands of law enforcement, thanks to research conducted at the Arkansas Biosciences Institute at Arkansas State University.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sweat Glands Apocrine Sweat Glands [15]
Found in skin of axilla, groin, anal regions, areolae areas of the breasts, and bearded areas of the face in men.
Men’s beards grow faster when they live with women.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sebaceous Glands [13] Simple alveolar glands found all over the body
except the palms of the hand and soles of the feet Soften skin when stimulated by hormones Secrete an oily secretion called sebum which is a
mixture of fats, cholesterol, proteins, inorganic salts and pheromones
Skin Color depends on 3 pigmentsHemoglobin (dermal blood supply)
– Reddish tones– Pale, due to?– Bluish (=?), due to?
Melanin – Produced by melanocytes of stratum basale
Carotene Obtained from plant foods
Number of melanocytes same in all people, production levels differ !
Melanocytes
Function ?
Appendages of the SkinAppendages of the Skin
Slide 4.18Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hair Produced by
hair bulb Consists of hard
keratinized epithelial cells
Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color Figure 4.7c
Hair AnatomyHair Anatomy
Slide 4.19Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Central medulla Cortex surrounds
medulla Cuticle on outside of
cortex Most heavily
keratinizedFigure 4.7b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hair Structure
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Hair Follicle
Figure 5.6c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hair Follicle
Figure 5.6a
Skin and Aging Process
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