Higher Education Commission
Powering the Knowledge Economy
Prof. Dr. Javaid R. LaghariChairpersonHigher Education Commission
FUNCTI
Development and Knowledge EconomyONS OF THE HEC
World Bank identifies Education and Skilled Force, ICTs and
Innovation as three of the four essential pillars of a Knowledge
Economy.
The World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2011-12
identifies Higher Education & Training, Technology Readiness and
Innovation as three of twelve pillars for Knowledge Economy.
According to Richard Florida, the author of the creative class,
“Wherever creativity goes, and by extension, wherever talent goes –
innovation and economic growth are sure to follow”.
Not only do higher education institutions help impart the behavioral, cognitive, and technical skills that make workers effective in the labor market, they are increasingly valued as the engines of research that can drive innovation, entrepreneurship, and productivity
Putting Higher Education to Work: Skills and Research for Growth in East Asia
World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report, 2012
The University of Today
The modern university, with its mix of teaching, innovation and
research, is different from the universities of yesteryears, which only
served as teaching grounds.
By introducing innovation, creativity and interdisciplinary research as
a vital component of teaching, and with knowledge exchange
programs, the university contributes more directly to the economy and
the society than many other institutions in the country.
Tertiary Enrollment & GDP
Pakistan
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000
10
20
30
40
50
60
PakistanIndia
FinlandIceland
Japan
Norway
Sweden
USA
N.zealand
UK
AustrliacanadaGermany
France
Russia
Spain
China
Indonesia
Iran
Malysia
Turkey
Argentina
ThailandS.Africa
Researchers per million
GD
P (
PP
P)
/ C
ap
ita
(0
00
$)
Value Addition to Economy through Research (2010)
FUNCTI
Universities, Technology and Innovation ONS OF THE HEC
Research & Innovation leading to Entrepreneurship is the key to
economic development Innovation is largely carried out at
universities & institutions of higher learning.
Universities is an instrument in industrial countries for accelerating
technology to enable them to stay ahead of competition.
World War II was a boom for research and development at the
universities: The jet engine, nuclear power, radar, computers, and
many other technologies took root in the 1940s in the research labs
of the universities.
Technology StartupsONS OF THE HEC New small businesses are the ones creating jobs, according
to a study by Kauffman Foundation.
Since 1980, nearly all net job creation in the US occurred in
firms less than 5 years old. Over the last 4 years, these young
start-up created two-thirds of all new jobs.
Apple startup 1976, valuation $ 508 b, annual sales $ 128 b,
total of devices 200 m
Pakistan startup 1947, GDP (ppp) is $480 b, exports are $ 30
b, Population is 180 m
Facebook startup 2004, , valuation $ 104 b, 900 m users
Instagram startup Oct 2010, 13 employees, bought for $ 1 b in
cash by Apple in April 2012
ONS OF THE HECUniversities and Technology Parks in US
Stanford University triggered the establishment of the Silicon Valley.
HP was the first company to start in a garage in 1939.
MIT and Harvard are responsible for over 1500 hi tech companies
around Route 128 in Boston. An example of a success story:
Companies established just by MIT have turnover exceeding $11
trillion, roughly the size of Korea's current GDP.
North Carolina State University and Duke University initiated the
Research Triangle (home to some of the largest R&D operations in
the world).
Technology Parks and Europe
The Cambridge Science Park, founded by Trinity College in 1970 is
the oldest science park in the United Kingdom. It has strong links
with the nearby University of Cambridge.
Ireland is a modern knowledge economy. Since 1970, 17 Institutes of
Technology have been established in Ireland. Today, in terms of GDP
per capita, Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the
OECD.
Recession and R&D
Finland, despite a major banking crisis in 1993, loss of trade and high
inflation, invested in R&D, and its economy grew.
It ranks first in the number of researchers per 1000 population. With a
population less than half that of Karachi, its one high tech company,
Nokia, has more exports ($ 48 b) than all of Pakistan ($ 24 b)
Asian Tigers
East Asian Tigers South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan
followed Japan’s example through the development of high tech
universities, innovation & entrepreneurship in the 1960s and the 70s.
The fruits are clear: Singapore’s economy grew 189 fold since
becoming independent from Malaysia – its per capita rising from
$512 in 1965 to $36,537.
South Korea became an economic superpower in less than four
decades, increasing its GDP from $3.9 billion in 1960 to over $264
billion in 1990 to $ 1.5 trillion now.
Emerging Asian Knowledge Economies
Turkey in the last 20 years has built over 43 technology parks attached to
its universities
The largest ones at METU, ITU and Bilkent University with over 700
companies generate revenues of over $ 750 million.
Turkey’s GDP has grown to over 10% this year, with exports exceeding $
111 billion.
In Malaysia, Educity in the Johor peninsula across from Singapore is
building seven universities in a development zone three times the size of
Singapore, expecting to attract over $100 billion investment in two
decades
Gulf Countries and Knowledge Economy
Saudi Arabia is building up world class universities.
King Saud University is now ranked among leading Asian universities.
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology was established
with a $ 10 billion endowment. Facilities for research include the fastest
supercomputer in the Middle East and one of the most powerful in the
world, capable of 222 teraflops, or 222 trillion floating point operations
per second.
Qatar and UAE have their own knowledge cities
Iran has excellent universities and an exponential increase in research. It
plans over 50 Technology Parks by 2015
South Asia
India is investing heavily in higher education. Over the next five years,
it will establish 200 new universities. Nine new IITs will be
established, bringing the total number of IITs to 16.
BanglaDesh to model their UGC along HEC Pakistan
SriLanka after years of investing in school education have realized the
importance of investing in higher education
Higher Education Commission
Serving as an Engine for the Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan
Human Resource
Development
Research & Developm
ent
Socio-Economic Uplift
Establishing Knowledge Capital Hubs in Pakistan
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-110
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
37 4153 56 57 62 65 69 70 73 74
2235
4551 53 56 56 57 57 59 6059
76
98107 110
118 121 126 127 132 134
116
136
168182
192
218229
246 249258
295
Public Private
Total Total Uni + Subcampuses
Creation of Knowledge Hubs(2000 – 2011)
Production of Knowledge Workers
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
276274331545
423236471964
521473
639597
738373803507
948268
1050175 P
Technology Drivers for Knowledge Exchange
Research &
Innovation
Partnerships
HEIs Infrastru
cture
Video Conf.
PERNKTP
Digital Resources
Quaid-e-Azam, Islamabad. (National Centre for Physics)
Quaid-e-Azam, Islamabad. (National Centre for Physics)
5 MV Tandem Accelerator (Scientific R&D)
MTDC Centre Architectural Engineering
Site Development at Faisalabad Campus Female Student Service Centre
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
1947 1952 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1986 1991 1995 2000 2004 2008 20090
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
(1947-2002)
(2002-2012)
3281
3944
2002
2012
Gearing up for Value Addition (PhDs/Year)
Creating New Knowledge through Research
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
816 948 10441316
1765
2836
34253939
4963
6200
Pakistan’s Share of World Research
Higher Education and Training
Technology Readiness
Innovation2.7
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
2.95
3
3.05
3.1 2009-102010-11
Global Competitiveness ReportsWorld Economic Forum
Pakistan’s Score on selected indicators on Global Competitiveness Index
PAKISTAN: Finally Arriving on World Scene!
According to QS Asian University Rankings 2012 Six
Pakistani universities rank in top 300
◦ NUST (108-150), University of Karachi (191-200) , Aga
Khan University (201-250), UET Lahore(201-250) , LUMS
(251-300) , University of Lahore (251-300)
According to QS World University Rankings 2011, two
Pakistani Universities rank among the Top 300 Technology
Universities of the World!
◦ NUST at 274 and UET Lahore at 281
Shifting Role of HEIs
28
Higher Education
Research
Innovation & EntrepreneurshipTraditio
nal Role
New Role
SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
Strategic Thrusts
29
Excellence in Higher Education
Technology ReadinessFocus on Research &
InnovationSpirit of Entrepreneurship
Global Perspective
Socio-economic Impact
30
HEC’s New Initiatives• Five Technology Incubators established in 5
universities (UAF, UET-P, UVAS, NUST and COMSATS).
• Seventeen ORICs have been established, 13 more to be established in next two years
• Three Centers of Advanced Study and Research (Energy, Food Security, Water) launched
• Six Incubators plus one Technology Parks (Islamabad) on the anvil.
Universities Building Economies
Universities Building Leadership
Universities Building Communiti
es
Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan
2011-15: HEC Strategic Focus
HEC’s Goal: Prosperity through Knowledge Economy
It’s high time we woke up to focus on investing in quality higher education,
research, innovation and entrepreneurship, and create a
knowledge economy,
or
Continue being left behind other nations
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