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7/31/2019 HCC guidelines

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Cfonocdf Zydc}och Exomhfonhs

HDSFHAY]C Cfonocdf Zydc}och Exomhfonhs0 Ldndehlhn}ab ghzd}achffxfdy cdyconaldt

Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy*& Hxyazhdn Ayednosd}oan bay Yhshdycg dnm ]yhd}lhn} ab Cdnchy

4. On}yamxc}oan

HDSFHAY]C Cfonocdf Zydc}och Exomhfonhs 'CZE/an }gh ldndehlhn} ab ghzd}achffxfdy cdyconald'GCC/ mhfflnh }gh xsh ab sxyrhoffdnch& modenasos dnm }ghy,dzhx}oc s}yd}heohs yhcallhnmhm bay zd}ohn}s uo}g }gos}zh ab cdnchy. ]gos os }gh fflys} Hxyazhdn `aon} hay}i }gh Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy'HDSF/ dnm }gh Hxyazhdn Ayednosd}oan bay Yhshdycgdnm ]yhd}lhn} ab Cdnchy 'HAY]C/ }a zyaromh callanexomhfonhs bay }gh ldndehlhn} ab ghzd}achffxfdy cdyco,nald. ]ghsh exomhfonhs xzmd}h }gh yhcallhnmd}oansyhzay}hm i }gh HDSF zdnhf ab hwzhy}s on GCC zxi,fosghm on 9::4.4 Shrhydf cfonocdf dnm scohn}offlc dmrdnchsgdrh accxyyhm mxyone }gh zds} mhcdmh dnm& }gxs& d lam,hyn rhysoan ab }gh macxlhn} os xyehn}f nhhmhm.

]gh zxyzash ab }gos macxlhn} os }a dssos} zgsocodns&zd}ohn}s& ghdf}g,cdyh zyaromhys dnm ghdf}g,zafoc ldkhysbyal Hxyazh dnm uayfmuomh on }gh mhcosoan,ldkonezyachss dccaymone }a hromhnch,idshm md}d. Xshys ab}ghsh exomhfonhs sgaxfm ih dudyh }gd} }gh yhcallhnmd,}oans dyh on}hnmhm }a exomh cfonocdf zydc}och on coycxl,

s}dnchs ughyh dff zassoifh yhsaxychs dnm }ghydzohs dyh

drdofdifh. ]gxs& }gh sgaxfm dmdz} }gh yhcallhnmd}oans}a }ghoy facdf yhexfd}oans dnm!ay }hdl cdzdco}ohs& onbyd,s}yxc}xyh dnm cas}ihnhffl} s}yd}heohs. Bondff& }gos macx,lhn} sh}s ax} salh yhcallhnmd}oans }gd} sgaxfm ihons}yxlhn}df on dmrdncone }gh yhshdycg dnm knaufhmehab }gos moshdsh dnm xf}old}hf can}yoix}h }a olzyarhzd}ohn} cdyh.

]gh HDSFHAY]C CZE an }gh ldndehlhn} abghzd}achffxfdy cdyconald zyaromh yhcallhnmd}oansidshm an }gh fhrhf ab hromhnch dnm }gh s}yhne}g ab }ghmd}d '}gh cfdssofflcd}oan ab hromhnch os dmdz}hm byal }ghNd}oandf Cdnchy Ons}o}x}h9/ ']difh 4D/ dnm }gh s}yhne}gab yhcallhnmd}oans baffauone zyhroaxsf yhzay}hm ss,}hls 'EYDMH ss}hls/ ']difh 4I/.

9. Cfonocdf Zydc}och Sxlldy

]gh cfonocdf zydc}och exomhfonhs ihfau uoff eorh dmrochbay xz }a md}h ldndehlhn} ab zd}ohn}s uo}g GCC ds uhffds zyaromone dn on,mhz}g yhrohu ab dff }gh yhfhrdn} md}dfhdmone }a }gh cancfxsoans.

:?8?,7:=?!- , shh byan} ld}}hy 9:49 Zxifosghm i Hfshrohy F}m.

mao04:.4:42!`.h`cd.9:44.49.:94

t ]ghsh Exomhfonhs uhyh mhrhfazhm i }gh HDSF dnm }gh HAY]C dnm dyh zxifosghm solxf}dnhaxsf on }gh @axyndf ab Ghzd}afae 'rafxlh 82&

ossxh =/ dnm }gh Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy 'rafxlh =7& ossxh 8/.Can}yoix}ays0 Cgdoylhn0 @ashz L. Ffarh} 'HDSF/; Locghf Mxcyhxw 'HAY]C/. Cfonocdf Zydc}och Exomhfonhs Lhlihys0 Yoccdyma Fhncoano; Dmyodn L.Mo Ioschefoh; Zh}hy Y. Edffh; @hdn Bydncaos Mxbaxy; ]ol B. Eyh}hn; Hyoc Ydlanm; ]dnod Yaskdls; ]gohyy Mh Idhyh; Locghf Mxcyhxw dnmRonchnpa Ldppdbhyya. HDSF Earhynone Iadym Yhzyhshn}d}orhs0 Ldxya Ihyndymo. Yhrohuhys0 @aymo Iyxow; Ldssola Cafalia; Dnmyhu Pgx.

* Cayyhszanmhnch }a0 HDSF Affich& 5 yxh mhs Id}}aoys& CG 49:8 Ehnhrd& Suo}phyfdnm. ]hf.0 +=4 99 7:5 :32:; bdw0 +=4 99 397 :59=.H,ldof dmmyhss0 hdsfaffichJhdsfaffich.hx 'Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy/.

Diiyhrod}oans 0 GCR& Ghzd}o}os C royxs; SNZ& Sonefh nxcfha}omh zaflayzgosl; ZHE& Zafh}gfhnh efcaf; GDF],C& Ghzd}o}os C dn}oroydf fane,}hyl}yhd}lhn} dedons} coyygasos; HZOC& Hrdfxd}oan ab ZheOn}yan on can}yaf ab ghzd}o}os C coyygasos; C]& Calzx}hm }alaeydzg; LY& Ldenh}ocyhsandnch; LYO& Ldenh}oc yhsandnch oldeone; HzCDL& Hzo}ghfodf chff dmghsoan lafhcxfh; ZZR& Zaso}orh zyhmoc}orh rdfxh; tY],ZCY& Yhdf,}olhyhrhysh,}ydnscyoz}oan zaflhydsh cgdon yhdc}oan; CXZO& Cgonhsh xnorhyso} zyaenas}oc onmhw; CFOZ& Cdnchy ab }gh Forhy O}dfodn zyaeydl; SGDYZ&Saydbhnoi ghzd}achffxfdy cdyconald dsshsslhn} ydnmaloshm zya}acaf.

Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy '9:49/ =7& 8??2=4

D r d o f d i f h d } u u u . s c o h n c h m o y h c } . c a l

` a x y n d f g a l h z d e h 0 u u u . h ` c a n f o n h . c a l
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.021


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Sxyrhoffdnch

Zd}ohn}s d} goeg yosk bay mhrhfazone GCC sgaxfm ih hn}hyhm on}a sxyrhoffdnch zyaeydls. Eyaxzs d} goeg yoskdyh mhzoc}hm on ]difh 3'hromhnch 4I!3D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D!I/

Sxyrhoffdnch sgaxfm ih zhybaylhm i hwzhyohnchm zhysannhf on dff d},yosk zazxfd}oans xsone dimalondf xf}yd,saxnm hrhy 2 lan}gs'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

Hwchz}oans0 D sgay}hy baffau,xz on}hyrdf 'hrhy 3= lan}gs/ os yhcallhnmhm on }gh baffauone cdshs0 '4/Ughyh d namxfh ab fhss }gdn 4 cl gds ihhn mh}hc}hm 'shh yhcdff zafoc/& '9/ On }gh baffau,xz s}yd}he db}hy yhshc,}oan ay faca,yheoandf }ghydzohs'hromhnch 3M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Zd}ohn}s an }gh udo}one fos} bay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan sgaxfm ih scyhhnhm bay GCC on aymhy }a mh}hc} dnm ldn,deh }xlaxy zyaeyhssoan dnm }a ghfz mhfflnh zyoayo} zafocohs bay }ydnszfdn}d}oan'hromhnch 3M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

Yhcdff zafoc

On coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& namxfhs fhss }gdn 4 cl on modlh}hy mh}hc}hm i xf}ydsaxnm sgaxfm ih baffauhm hrhy= lan}gs }gh fflys} hdy dnm uo}g yhexfdy cghckone hrhy 2 lan}gs }ghyhdb}hy'hromhnch 3M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

On coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& modenasos ab GCC bay namxfhs ab 49 cl on modlh}hy sgaxfm ih idshm an nan,onrdsorhcyo}hyod ay ioazs,zyarhn zd}gafaeocdf canfflyld}oan. On }gh fd}}hy cdsh& o} os yhcallhnmhm }gd} ioazsohs dyhdsshsshm i dn hwzhy} ghzd}azd}gafaeos}. D shcanm ioazs os yhcallhnmhm on cdsh ab oncancfxsorh fflnmones&ay eyau}g ay cgdneh on hngdnchlhn} zd}}hyn omhn}offlhm mxyone baffau,xz'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

On coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& namxfhs layh }gdn 9 cl on modlh}hy cdn ih modenashm bay GCC idshm an }zocdf bhd}xyhsan anh oldeone }hcgnotxh. On cdsh ab xnchy}don} ay d}zocdf ydmoafaeocdf fflnmones& modenasos sgaxfm ih can,fflylhm i ioazs'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/

Modenasos

Modenasos ab GCC os idshm an nan,onrdsorh cyo}hyod ay zd}gafae

'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/ Zd}gafaeocdf modenasos ab GCC os idshm an }gh yhcallhnmd}oans ab }gh On}hynd}oandf Canshnsxs Zdnhf. Ollx,

nas}donone bay EZC3& GSZ5:& dnm efx}dlonh sn}gh}dsh dnm!ay ehnh hwzyhssoan zyafflfhs 'EZC3& F_RH4 dnmsxyroron/ dyh yhcallhnmhm }a mohyhn}od}h goeg eydmh mszfds}oc namxfhs byal hdyf GCC'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Dmmo}oandf s}donone cdn ih cansomhyhm }a mh}hc} zyaehno}ay chff bhd}xyhs 'K4? dnm HzCDL/ ay dsshss nhards,cxfdyosd}oan 'CM3=/.

Nan,onrdsorh cyo}hyod cdn anf ih dzzfohm }a coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s dnm dyh idshm an oldeone }hcgnotxhs ai}donhmi =,zgdsh lxf}omh}hc}ay C] scdn ay mndloc can}yds},hngdnchm LYO. Modenasos sgaxfm ih idshm an }ghomhn}offlcd}oan ab }gh }zocdf gdffldyk ab GCC 'gzhyrdscxfdy on }gh dy}hyodf zgdsh uo}g udsgax} on }gh zay}dfrhnaxs ay mhfdhm zgdshs/. Ugofh anh oldeone }hcgnotxh os yhtxoyhm bay namxfhs ihanm 4 cl on modlh}hy'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/& d layh canshyrd}orh dzzyadcg uo}g 9 }hcgnotxhs os yhcallhnmhm on sxi,az}oldf sh}}ones. ]gh yafh ab can}yds},hngdnchm xf}ydsaxnm 'CHXS/ dnm dneoaeydzg os can}yarhysodf. ZH],

scdn os na} dccxyd}h bay hdyf modenasos.

S}deone ss}hls

S}deone ss}hls on GCC sgaxfm mhfflnh ax}calh zyhmoc}oan dnm }yhd}lhn} dssoenlhn}. ]gh sgaxfm bdcofo}d}hhwcgdneh ab onbayld}oan& zyaenasos zyhmoc}oan dnm }yodf mhsoen. Mxh }a }gh nd}xyh ab GCC& }gh ldon zyae,nas}oc rdyodifhs dyh }xlaxy s}deh& forhy bxnc}oan dnm zhybayldnch s}d}xs.

]gh ICFC s}deone ss}hl os yhcallhnmhm bay zyaenas}oc zyhmoc}oan dnm }yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

]gos s}deone ss}hl cdn ih dzzfohm }a las} GCC zd}ohn}s& ds fane ds szhcofflc cansomhyd}oans bay szhcodf sxi,zazxfd}oans 'forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan/ dyh oncayzayd}hm.

A}ghy s}deone ss}hls dzzfohm dfanh ay on caliond}oan uo}g ICFC dyh na} yhcallhnmhm on cfonocdf zydc}och.

2:: Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4


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Lafhcxfdy cfdssofflcd}oan ab GCC idshm an ehnh soend}xyhs ay lafhcxfdy dinayldfo}ohs os na} yhdm bay cfonocdfdzzfocd}oan'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

]yhd}lhn}

]yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan os idshm an }gh ICFC dffacd}oan ss}hl.

Yhshc}oan Yhshc}oan os }gh fflys},fonh }yhd}lhn} az}oan bay zd}ohn}s uo}g safo}dy }xlaxys dnm rhy uhff,zyhshyrhm forhy

bxnc}oan& mhfflnhm ds nayldf iofoyxion uo}g ho}ghy ghzd}oc rhnaxs zyhssxyh eydmohn} 24: llGe ay zfd}hfh}caxn} Z4::&:::'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

Dnd}alocdf yhshc}oans dyh yhcallhnmhm'hromhnch 3D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9C/

Dmmo}oandf onmocd}oans bay zd}ohn}s uo}g lxf}obacdf }xlaxys lhh}one Lofdn cyo}hyod '23 namxfhs 23 cl/ ayuo}g lofm zay}df gzhy}hnsoan na} sxo}difh bay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan yhtxoyh zyaszhc}orh calzdyosans uo}gfaca,yheoandf }yhd}lhn}s'hromhnch 3D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9C/

Zhyo,azhyd}orh lay}dfo} ab forhy yhshc}oan on coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s os hwzhc}hm }a ih 93(

Nha,dm`xrdn} ay dm`xrdn} }ghydzohs gdrh na} zyarhn }a olzyarh ax}calh ab zd}ohn}s }yhd}hm uo}g yhshc}oan'ay facdf difd}oan/'hromhnch 4M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9C/

]xlaxy yhcxyyhnch yhzyhshn}s }gh ld`ay calzfocd}oan ab yhshc}oan dnm }gh zd}}hyn ab yhcxyyhnch onxhnchssxishtxhn} }ghydz dffacd}oan dnm ax}calh. On cdsh ab yhcxyyhnch& }gh zd}ohn} uoff ih yh,dsshsshm i ICFCs}deone& dnm yh,}yhd}hm dccaymonef

Forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan

Forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan os cansomhyhm }a ih }gh fflys},fonh }yhd}lhn} az}oan bay zd}ohn}s uo}g sonefh }xlaxys fhss}gdn 8 cl ay 23 namxfhs 23 cl 'Lofdn cyo}hyod/ na} sxo}difh bay yhshc}oan'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/

Zhyo,azhyd}orh lay}dfo} dnm anh hdy lay}dfo} dyh hwzhc}hm }a ih dzzyawold}hf 3( dnm 24:(&yhszhc}orhf.

Hw}hnsoan ab }xlaxy folo} cyo}hyod bay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan bay GCC gds na} ihhn hs}difosghm. Lamhs} hwzdn,soan ab Lofdn cyo}hyod dzzfone }gh xz,}a,shrhn on zd}ohn}s uo}gax} locyardscxfdy onrdsoan dcgohrhs cal,zh}o}orh ax}calhs& dnm }gxs }gos onmocd}oan yhtxoyhs zyaszhc}orh rdfomd}oan'hromhnch 9I; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Nha,dm`xrdn} }yhd}lhn} cdn ih cansomhyhm bay faca,yheoandf }ghydzohs ob }gh udo}one fos} hwchhms 2 lan}gs mxh}a eaam cas},hhc}orhnhss md}d dnm }xlaxy yhszansh yd}hs& hrhn }gaxeg olzdc} an fane,}hyl ax}calh osxnchy}don'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Maun,s}deone zafocohs bay GCCs hwchhmone canrhn}oandf cyo}hyod cdnna} ih yhcallhnmhm dnm sgaxfm ihhwzfayhm on }gh can}hw} ab zyaszhc}orh s}xmohs dolhm d} sxyrordf dnm moshdsh zyaeyhssoan hnmzaon}s'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9C/

Dsshsslhn} ab mauns}deone sgaxfm baffau lamofflhm YHCOS] cyo}hyod.

Forone manay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan os dn df}hynd}orh az}oan on zd}ohn}s uo}g d udo}one fos} hwchhmone 25 lan}gs& dnm ahys d sxo}difh sh}}one }a hwzfayh hw}hnmhm onmocd}oans uo}gon yhshdycg zyaeydls'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Facdf difd}oan

Facdf difd}oan uo}g ydmoabyhtxhnc ay zhycx}dnhaxs h}gdnaf on`hc}oan os cansomhyhm }gh s}dnmdym ab cdyh bayzd}ohn}s uo}g ICFC :,D }xlaxys na} sxo}difh bay sxyehy'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

A}ghy difd}orh }ghydzohs& sxcg ds locyaudrh ay cyadifd}oan& dyh s}off xnmhy onrhs}oed}oan.

Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4 2:4


4/43

Ydmoabyhtxhnc difd}oan os yhcallhnmhm on las} ons}dnchs ds }gh ldon difd}orh }ghydz on }xlaxys fhss }gdn8 cl mxh }a d soenofflcdn}f ih}}hy can}yaf ab }gh moshdsh'hromhnch 4oM; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/

H}gdnaf on`hc}oan os yhcallhnmhm on cdshs ughyh ydmoabyhtxhnc difd}oan os na} }hcgnocdff bhdsoifh 'dyaxnm 4:48(/.

On }xlaxys 69 cl& ICFC :& ia}g }hcgnotxhs dcgohrh calzfh}h yhszanshs on layh }gdn ?:( ab cdshs uo}g eaamfane,}hyl ax}calh. Ugh}ghy }gh cdn ih cansomhyhm ds calzh}o}orh df}hynd}orhs }a yhshc}oan os xnchy}don

'hromhnch 4oD; yhcallhnmd}oan 4C/

Cghlahliafopd}oan dnm }ydnscd}gh}hy }ghydzohs

Cghlahliafopd}oan os yhcallhnmhm bay zd}ohn}s uo}g ICFC s}deh I& lxf}onamxfdy dslz}ald}oc }xlaxysuo}gax} rdscxfdy onrdsoan ay hw}yd,ghzd}oc szyhdm'hromhnch 4ooD; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/

]gh xsh ab myxe,hfx}one ihdms gds sgaun solofdy yhszansh yd}hs }gdn ehfbadl,fozoamaf zdy}ocfhs dssacod}hm uo}gfhss ss}hloc dmrhysh hrhn}s'hromhnch 4M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Cghlahliafopd}oan os moscaxydehm on zd}ohn}s uo}g mhcalzhnsd}hm forhy moshdsh& dmrdnchm forhy msbxnc}oan&ldcyascazoc onrdsoan ay hw}ydghzd}oc szyhdm'hromhnch 4ooD; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

Ifdnm hliafopd}oan os na} yhcallhnmhm. On}hyndf ydmod}oan uo}g 434O ay ?:_ efdss ihdms gds sgaun zyalosone dn}o,}xlaxydf yhsxf}s uo}g d sdbh zyafflfh&

ix} cdnna} ih yhcallhnmhm ds s}dnmdym }ghydz. Bxy}ghy yhshdycg }yodfs dyh nhhmhm }a hs}difosg d calzh},o}orh hfficdc yafh on }gos zazxfd}oan'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Shfhc}orh on}yd,dy}hyodf cghla}ghydz ay fozoamafopd}oan dyh na} yhcallhnmhm bay }gh ldndehlhn} ab GCC'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Hw}hyndf }gyhh,molhnsoandf canbayldf ydmoa}ghydz os xnmhy onrhs}oed}oan& dnm }ghyh os na hromhnch }a sxz,zay} }gos }ghydzhx}oc dzzyadcg on }gh ldndehlhn} ab GCC'hromhnch 3D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9C/

Ss}hloc }ghydzohs

Saydbhnoi os }gh s}dnmdym ss}hloc }ghydz bay GCC. O} os onmocd}hm bay zd}ohn}s uo}g uhff,

zyhshyrhm forhy bxnc}oan 'Cgofm,Zxeg D cfdss/ dnm uo}g dmrdnchm }xlaxys 'ICFC C/ ay }gash }xlaxys zya,eyhssone xzan faca,yheoandf }ghydzohs'hromhnch 4oD; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/

]ghyh dyh na cfonocdf ay lafhcxfdy ioaldykhys drdofdifh }a omhn}ob }gh ihs} yhszanmhys }asaydbhnoi'hromhnch 4D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9D/

Ss}hloc cghla}ghydz& }dlawobhn& ollxna}ghydz& dn}o,dnmyaehn& dnm ghyidf myxes dyh na} yhcallhnmhmbay }gh cfonocdf ldndehlhn} ab GCC zd}ohn}s'hromhnch 4,9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D!I/

]ghyh os na drdofdifh shcanm,fonh }yhd}lhn} bay zd}ohn}s uo}g on}afhydnch ay bdofxyh }a saydbhnoi. Ihs} sxzzay},orh cdyh ay }gh oncfxsoan ab zd}ohn}s on cfonocdf }yodfs os yhcallhnmhm on }gos sh}}one'yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

On szhcofflc coycxls}dnchs& ydmoa}ghydz cdn ih xshm }a dffhrod}h zdon on zd}ohn}s uo}g ianhlh}ds}dsos'hromhnch 3D; yhcallhnmd}oan 9C/

Zd}ohn}s d} ICFC M s}deh sgaxfm yhchorh zdffod}orh sxzzay} oncfxmone ldndehlhn} ab zdon& nx}yo}oandnm zscgafaeocdf sxzzay}. On ehnhydf& }gh sgaxfm na} ih cansomhyhm bay zdy}ocozd}one on cfonocdf}yodfs'yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

2:9 Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4


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3. Hzomhloafae& yosk bdc}ays dnm zyhrhn}oan

3.4. Hzomhloafae

]gh ixymhn ab cdnchy os oncyhdsone uayfmuomh. Hdcg

hdy }ghyh dyh 4:.? loffoan nhu cdshs ab cdnchy dnm 2.5loffoan cdnchy,yhfd}hm mhd}gs. ]gh las} callanf mode,nashm cdnchys dyh fxne& iyhds} dnm cafayhc}df ugofs} }ghlas} callan cdxshs ab cdnchy mhd}g dyh fxne& s}aldcgdnm forhy.3&= Forhy cdnchy os }gh sow}g las} callan cdn,chy '5=?&::: nhu cdshs/& }gh }goym cdxsh ab cdnchy,yhfd}hmmhd}g '2?9&::: cdshs/ dnm dccaxn}s bay 5( ab dff cdn,chys.= GCC yhzyhshn}s layh }gdn ?:( ab zyoldy forhycdnchys dnm os d ld`ay efaidf ghdf}g zyaifhl.

]gh oncomhnch ab GCC oncyhdshs zyaeyhssorhf uo}gdmrdncone deh on dff zazxfd}oans& yhdcgone d zhdk d}5: hdys.8 On Cgonhsh dnm on ifdck Dbyocdn zazxfd}oans&}gh lhdn deh ab zd}ohn}s uo}g }gh }xlaxy os dzzyhcodif

axnehy. ]gos os on sgdyz can}yds} }a @dzdn& ughyh }ghoncomhnch ab GCC os }gh goeghs} on }gh cagay} ab lhndehm 5:5? hdys.2 GCC gds d s}yane ldfh zyhzanmhy,dnch uo}g d ldfh }a bhldfh yd}oa hs}old}hm }a ih 9.=.=

]gh zd}}hyn ab GCC accxyyhnch gds d cfhdy ehaeydzg,ocdf mos}yoix}oan& uo}g }gh goeghs} oncomhnch yd}hs on Hds}Dsod& sxi,Sdgdydn Dbyocd dnm Lhfdnhsod& ughyh dyaxnm78( ab cdshs accxy.3&= On mhrhfazhm yheoans& }gh onco,mhnch os fau uo}g }gh hwchz}oan ab Sax}ghyn Hxyazhughyh }gh oncomhnch on lhn '4:.8 deh,s}dnmdymoshm onco,mhnch yd}hs zhy 4::&:::/ os soenofflcdn}f goeghy }gdn ona}ghy mhrhfazhm yheoans 'Boe. 4/.5

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Zhmod}yoc Cdnchy ]yhd}lhn} S}xmohs. Ih}ghsmd& LM0 Nd}oandf CdnchyOns}o}x}h. Md}h fds} lamofflhm 92!Dxexs}!9:4:. Drdofdifh d}0 g}}z0!!cdnchy.ear!cdnchy}azocs!zmt!fhrhfs,hromhnch,dmxf},}yhd}lhn}!Ghdf}g,Zyabhssoandf. Dcchsshm 6Ldycg 4s}& 9:44>.i ]gh ydnmaloshm& maxifh,ifonmhm can}yaffhm cfonocdf }yodf '4o/ os }gh

eafm s}dnmdym ab s}xm mhsoen. Lh}d,dndfshs ab ydnmaloshm s}xmohsdyh zfdchm on }gh sdlh cd}heay ab s}yhne}g ab hromhnch ds dyh ydn,maloshm s}xmohs.c ]gos cd}heay oncfxmhs }yodfs on ugocg }yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan uds

ldmh i ioy}g md}h& cgdy} nxlihy 'sa,cdffhm txdso ydnmaloshm s}xmohs/ay sxish} dndfshs ab ydnmaloshm s}xmohs 'ay ydnmaloshm zgdsh OOs}xmohs/m Dff a}ghy zyaszhc}orh 'cagay} s}xmohs/ ay yh}yaszhc}orh s}xmohs 'cdsh

can}yaf s}xmohs& cdsh shyohs/h ]ghsh hnmzaon}s ld ih sxi`hc}hm }a onrhs}oed}ay on}hyzyh}d}oan.

Layh olzay}dn}f& }gh ld& ix} ma na} dx}ald}ocdff& }ydnsfd}h on}amoyhc} zd}ohn} ihnhffl} sxcg ds sxyrordf ay txdfo} ab fobh. Nhrhy}ghfhss& o}os yd}oandf on ldn coycxls}dnchs }a xsh d }yhd}lhn} }gd} olzyarhs}ghsh sxyyaed}h hnmzaon}s ugofs} dudo}one d layh mhfflno}orh hnmzaon} }asxzzay} o}s xsh.

http://cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/levels-evidence-adult-treatment/HealthProfessionalhttp://cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/levels-evidence-adult-treatment/HealthProfessionalhttp://cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/levels-evidence-adult-treatment/HealthProfessionalhttp://cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/levels-evidence-adult-treatment/HealthProfessionalhttp://cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/levels-evidence-adult-treatment/HealthProfessionalhttp://cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/levels-evidence-adult-treatment/HealthProfessional


6/43

ughyhds }gh arhydff yd}h ab cdnchy mhd}gs gds mhcfonhm idiax} 47( mxyone }gos sdlh zhyoam.7 Ihsomhs }gh hlhy,ehnch ab forhy moshdsh mxh }a ghzd}o}os C& }gos eyau}g ononcomhnch ld dfsa ih mxh }a dn oncyhdsh on GIR,yhfd}hmGCC& zdy}ocxfdyf dlane olloeydn}s byal hnmhloc

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knaun xnmhyfone yosk bdc}ay ']difh 9/. ]gh las} byh,txhn} bdc}ays oncfxmh cgyanoc roydf ghzd}o}os '}zhs Idnm C/& dfcagaf on}dkh dnm dd}awon hwzasxyh. On Dbyocddnm Hds} Dsod& }gh fdyehs} d}}yoix}difh bydc}oan os mxh }aghzd}o}os I '2:(/ ughyhds on }gh mhrhfazhm Uhs}hynuayfm& anf 9:( ab cdshs cdn ih d}}yoix}hm }a GIR onbhc,}oan& ugofs} cgyanoc ghzd}o}os C dzzhdys }a ih }gh ld`ayyosk bdc}ay.3 Uayfmuomh& dzzyawold}hf 8=( ab cdshscdn ih d}}yoix}hm }a GIR onbhc}oan 'ugocg dhc}s =::loffoan zhazfh efaidff/ ugofs} 34( cdn ih d}}yoix}hm }aGCR onbhc}oan 'ugocg dhc}s 45: loffoan zhazfh/& fhdronedzzyawold}hf 48( dssacod}hm uo}g a}ghy cdxshs.

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7/43

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http://www.globocan.iarc.fr/http://www.globocan.iarc.fr/


8/43

3.3. Zyhrhn}oan

Zyoldy zyhrhn}oan ab GCC cdn ih dcgohrhm uo}gxnorhysdf rdccond}oan dedons} GIR onbhc}oan.? Rdccond,}oan dedons} ghzd}o}os I os yhcallhnmhm }a dff nhu,iayns dnm goeg yosk eyaxzs& baffauone }ghyhcallhnmd}oans ab }gh Uayfm Ghdf}g Ayednopd}oan.3=

Sonch zhyond}df ay hdyf zas}nd}df }ydnslossoan os dnolzay}dn} cdxsh ab cgyanoc GIR onbhc}oans efaidff&}gh fflys} mash ab ghzd}o}os I rdcconh sgaxfm ih eorhnds saan ds zassoifh db}hy ioy}g& hrhn on fau,hnmhloco}caxn}yohs '}gash uo}g zyhrdfhnch ab GIsDe cdyyohys69(/. Rdccond}oan os dfsa yhcallhnmhm on deh,szhcofflccagay}s 'axne dmafhschn}s/ dnm zhazfh uo}g yosk bdc,}ays bay dctxoyone GIR onbhc}oan 'o.h. ghdf}g uaykhys&}ydrhffhys }a dyhds ughyh GIR,onbhc}oan os zyhrdfhn}&on`hc}one myxe xshys dnm zhazfh uo}g lxf}ozfh shwzdy}nhys/.

Dn}oroydf }yhd}lhn} bay zd}ohn}s uo}g cgyanoc ghzd}o}osI dnm C onbhc}oan sgaxfm baffau }gh yhcallhnmd}oans

byal hwos}one HDSF exomhfonhs.38&32 On}hybhyan& fdlorx,monh& dmhbaroy& hn}hcdroy& }hfiorxmonh dnm }hnabaroy dyhnau drdofdifh bay GIR }yhd}lhn}& ix} fane,}hyl baf,fau,xz md}d dsshssone }ghoy hhc} on shcanmdy zyhrhn,}oan dyh anf drdofdifh uo}g on}hybhyan dnm fdlorxmonh.Aishyrd}oandf s}xmohs dsshssone }gh hhc} ab on}hybhyansgauhm d za}hn}odf hhc} on }gh yhmxc}oan ab GCC onco,mhnch&35 ix} }gos uds na} canfflylhm i Dsodn cdsh,can,}yaffhm s}xmohs.37 Solofdyf& d ydnmaloshm can}yaffhm}yodf 'YC]/ dsshssone }gh hhc} ab fdlorxmonh sgauhm dsoenofflcdn} yhmxc}oan on GCC oncomhnch. Nanh}ghfhss&}ghyh dyh salh canchyns yhedymone }gh hhc}s ai}donhm

on }gos s}xm ds }gh zyhrhn}oan ab GCC accxyyhnch udsna} }gh zyoldy hnm zaon} ab }gh s}xm& dnm ihcdxsh}gh ldyeondf hhc} ai}donhm mosdzzhdyhm anch dm`xs}hmbay ca,rdyodifhs.3? Ds d yhsxf}& o} dzzhdys zyxmhn} }a can,cfxmh }gd} sxyrhoffdnch bay GCC sgaxfm ih ldon}donhm on}gash zd}ohn}s uga dfyhdm txdfofflhm ihbayh s}dy}one }gh}yhd}lhn}.

On ghzd}o}os C roydf onbhc}oan& }gh yhsxf}s ab d lh}d,dndfsos ab yh}yaszhc}orh s}xmohs sxeehs} }gd} }gh yoskab GCC os yhmxchm dlane zd}ohn}s uo}g GCR ugadcgohrh d sxs}donhm royafaeocdf yhszansh 'SRY/ uo}gdn}oroydf }ghydz uo}g on}hybhyanyoidroyon.=: Anch coy,ygasos os hs}difosghm& }ghyh os na cancfxsorh hromhnch

}gd} dn}o,roydf }ghydz cdn zyhrhn} ay mhfd }gh accxy,yhnch ab GCC.=4&=9 Ldon}hndnch }ghydz uo}g zafh}g,fhnh efcaf 'ZHE/,on}hybhyan on coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s gdsna} soenofflcdn}f mhcyhdshm }gh oncomhnch ab GCCdccaymone }a }gh ghzd}o}os C dn}oroydf fane,}hyl }yhd},lhn} dedons} coyygasos 'GDF],C/=3&== dnm Hrdfxd}oanab ZheOn}yan on can}yaf ab ghzd}o}os C coyygasos 'HZOC/s}xmohs.=8 Dmmo}oandf s}xmohs dyh yhtxoyhm }a }hs} }ghza}hn}odf zyhrhn}orh hhc} ab caliond}oan uo}g nhuzya}hdsh ongoio}ays 'iachzyhroy& }hfdzyhroy/ on coyyga}oczd}ohn}s.

=. Sxyrhoffdnch

Sxyrhoffdnch cansos}s ab }gh zhyoamoc dzzfocd}oan abd modenas}oc }hs} }a sxi`hc}s d} yosk ab mhrhfazone deorhn moshdsh. O}s xshbxfnhss dnm dzzfocdiofo} dyh onx,hnchm i shrhydf bdc}ays& sxcg ds }gh oncomhnch ab }ghsxyrhhm moshdsh on }gh }dyeh} zazxfd}oan& }gh drdof,diofo} ab hfficohn} modenas}oc }hs}'s/ d} ihdydifh cas}sdnm }ghoy dcchz}diofo} i }gh }dyeh} zazxfd}oan dnm}gh drdofdiofo} ab }yhd}lhn}s dnm }ghoy hhc}orhnhss.=2

]gh dol ab sxyrhoffdnch os }a ai}don d yhmxc}oan on mos,hdsh,yhfd}hm lay}dfo}. ]gos os xsxdff dcgohrhm}gyaxeg dn hdyf modenasos 's}deh loeyd}oan/ }gd}& on}xyn& hngdnchs }gh dzzfocdiofo} dnm cas},hhc}orhnhssab cxyd}orh }ghydzohs. S}deh loeyd}oan& gauhrhy& cdn,na} shyrh ds d sxyyaed}h bay }gh ldon hnmzaon}& ugocgos zd}ohn} sxyrordf.

GCC os d canmo}oan ugocg fhnms o}shfb }a sxyrhoffdnchds d},yosk onmoromxdfs cdn yhdmof ih omhn}offlhm ihcdxshab }gh zyhshnch ab xnmhyfone roydf ghzd}o}os ay a}ghy

Olzfhlhn}d}oan ab sxyrhoffdnch zyaeydllhs }aomhn}ob d},yosk cdnmomd}h zazxfd}oans dnm omhn}offl,cd}oan ab ioaldykhys bay hdyf GCC mh}hc}oan dyh d

ld`ay zxifoc ghdf}g eadf }a mhcyhdsh GCC,yhfd}hmmhd}gs 'hromhnch 4M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/. Earhyn,lhn} ghdf}g zafoc dnm yhshdycg dehncohs sgaxfmdmmyhss }ghsh nhhms

Zd}ohn}s d} goeg yosk bay mhrhfazone GCC sgaxfm ihhn}hyhm on}a sxyrhoffdnch zyaeydllhs. Eyaxzs d}goeg yosk dyh mhzoc}hm on ]difh 3 'hromhnch 4I!3D;yhcallhnmd}oan 4D!I/

Sxyrhoffdnch sgaxfm ih zhybaylhm i hwzhyohnchmzhysannhf on dff d},yosk zazxfd}oans xsone dimalo,ndf xf}ydsaxnm hrhy 2 lan}gs 'hromhnch 9M; yhcal,lhnmd}oan 4I/. Hwchz}oans0 D sgay}hy baffau,xzon}hyrdf 'hrhy 3= lan}gs/ os yhcallhnmhm on

}gh baffauone cdshs0 4. Ughyh d namxfh ab fhss }gdn4 cl gds ihhn mh}hc}hm 'shh yhcdff zafoc/& 9. On }ghbaffau,xz s}yd}he db}hy yhshc}oan ay faca,yheoandf}ghydzohs 'hromhnch 3M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

Dccxyd}h }xlaxy ioaldykhys bay hdyf mh}hc}oannhhm }a ih mhrhfazhm. Md}d drdofdifh uo}g}hs}hm ioaldykhys 'o.h. DBZ& DBZ,F3 dnmMCZ/ sgau }gd} }ghsh }hs}s dyh sxiaz}oldfbay yax}onh cfonocdf zydc}och 'hromhnch 9M; yhcal,lhnmd}oan 9I/

Zd}ohn}s an }gh udo}one fos} bay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oansgaxfm ih scyhhnhm bay GCC on aymhy }a mh}hc} dnm

ldndeh }xlaxy zyaeyhssoan dnm }a ghfz mhfflnh zyo,ayo} zafocohs bay }ydnszfdn}d}oan 'hromhnch 3M; yhc,allhnmd}oan 4I/



9/43

forhy moshdshs. On bdc}& on }gh Uhs}hyn uayfm& GCCdyoshs on d coyyga}oc idckeyaxnm on xz }a ?:( abcdshs&=5 dnm coyygasos o}shfb os d zyaeyhssorh moshdsh }gd}dhc}s zd}ohn} sxyrordf. ]gh zyhshnch ab coyygasos }ghn

onxhnchs }gh cgdnchs bay dn}o,}xlaxydf }yhd}lhn}dnm dhc}s }ghoy yhsxf}s& }gxs yhnmhyone hdyf modenasosab GCC hrhn layh cyxcodf. Layharhy& ldn drdofdifh}yhd}lhn}s cdn gdrh dn dmrhysh olzdc} an coyygasos&dnm }gh hwdc} cdxsh ab mhd}g& ugocg caxfm ih ho}ghy}gh xnmhyfone moshdsh ay GCC& cdnna} ih cfhdyfmhfflnhm on salh ons}dnchs. Bay }gos yhdsan& d yhmxc}oanon arhydff lay}dfo} yhzyhshn}s d layh dzzyazyod}h hnm,zaon} }a dsshss }gh hfficdc ab sxyrhoffdnch.

=.4. ]dyeh} zazxfd}oans

=.4.4. Coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s

Mhcosoan dndfsos dnm cas},hhc}orhnhss lamhfs sxe,ehs} }gd} dn on}hyrhn}oan os cansomhyhm cas},hhc}orh obo} zyaromhs edons ab fobh hwzhc}dnc ab d} fhds}3 lan}gs uo}g d cas} fauhy }gdn dzzyawold}hf XS-8:&::: zhy hdy ab fobh sdrhm.=7 Cas},hhc}orhnhss s}xm,ohs onmocd}h }gd} dn oncomhnch ab 4.8(!hdy ay eyhd}hyuaxfm udyydn} sxyrhoffdnch ab GCC on coyyga}oczd}ohn}s&=? oyyhszhc}orh ab o}s dh}oafae.4:&45&8:&84 O}ld dfsa ih zassoifh }a omhn}ob coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s d}fau yosk ab mhrhfazone GCC898= dnm ghnch hwcfxmh}ghl byal sxyrhoffdnch& }ghyhi sdrone cas}s df}gaxeg}gos dzzyadcg os na} zyarhn h}. Canrhyshf& }gh zyhs,

hnch ab dmrdnchm coyygasos 'CgofmZxeg cfdss C/ zyh,rhn}s za}hn}odff cxyd}orh }ghydzohs byal ihonehlzfahm& dnm }gxs sxyrhoffdnch os na} cas},hhc}orhon }ghsh zd}ohn}s.4&88 Ds dn hwchz}oan& zd}ohn}s an }ghudo}one fos} bay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan& yhedymfhss ab}gh forhy bxnc}oandf s}d}xs& sgaxfm ih scyhhnhm bayGCC on aymhy }a mh}hc} }xlaxys hwchhmone canrhn,}oandf cyo}hyod dnm }a ghfz mhfflnh zyoayo} zafocohs bay}ydnszfdn}d}oan. Bondff& df}gaxeg o} shhls on}xo}orh}gd} sxyrhoffdnch loeg} na} ih cas},hhc}orh diarh dchy}don deh cx},a& }gh fdck ab md}d zyhrhn}s }gh dmaz,}oan ab dn szhcofflc yhcallhnmd}oan.

=.4.9. Nan,coyyga}oc sxi`hc}s

Zd}ohn}s uo}g cgyanoc GIR onbhc}oan dyh d} yosk abGCC mhrhfazlhn} hrhn on }gh dishnch ab coyygasos. On}ghsh cdshs& }gh yhcallhnmhm cx},a ab dnnxdf oncomhnchdiarh ugocg sxyrhoffdnch sgaxfm ih yhcallhnmhm cdn,na} ih dzzfohm. ]gh cx},a ab dnnxdf oncomhnch on }ghshzd}ohn}s os off,mhfflnhm& dfiho} hwzhy} azonoan onmocd}hs }gd}o} uaxfm ih udyydn}hm ob GCC oncomhnch os d} fhds} :.9(!hdy.82&85 ]gxs& cas}ihnhffl} lamhffone os nhhmhm on }gosschndyoa. ]gh oncomhnch ab GCC on dmxf} Dsodn ay Dbyo,cdn dc}orh GIR cdyyohys ay uo}g d bdlof gos}ay abGCC hwchhms }gos rdfxh& ughyhds GCC oncomhnch ydnehsbyal :.4( }a :.=(!hdy on Uhs}hyn zd}ohn}s uo}g cgyanocGIR onbhc}oan.87&8? Roydf fadm dfsa dzzhdys }a oncyhdsh}gh yosk ab mhrhfazone GCC. On Dsodn zd}ohn}s& shyxlGIRMND diarh 4:&::: cazohs!lf uds dssacod}hm uo}gdn dnnxdf yosk diarh :.9(!hdy.47

Xnbay}xnd}hf& }ghyh os scdn} dnm salh}olhs can}yd,moc}ay onbayld}oan an }gh oncomhnch ab GCC on zd}ohn}suo}g cgyanoc ghzd}o}os C uo}gax} coyygasos. Md}d byal

@dzdn uaxfm sxeehs} }gd} zd}ohn}s uo}g lofm ffliyasosgdrh d hdyf GCC oncomhnch ab :.8(.84 D yhchn} s}xmbyal }gh Xno}hm S}d}hs gds zaon}hm ax} }gd} GCC mahsaccxy on zd}ohn}s uo}g cgyanoc ghzd}o}os C dnm iyomeoneffliyasos on }gh dishnch ab coyygasos 'Lh}droy B3/.49 ]ghbdc} }gd} }gh }ydnso}oan byal dmrdnchm ffliyasos dnm coy,ygasos cdnna} ih dccxyd}hf mhfflnhm fhm }gh HDSF exomh,fonhs }a yhcallhnm sxyrhoffdnch dfsa bay zd}ohn}s uo}giyomeone ffliyasos.4 ]gos zdnhf dfsa hnmayshs sxcg d zaf,oc. On }gos yhszhc}& }ydnsohn} hfds}aeydzg dzzhdys }aih d zyalosone }aaf difh }a s}yd}ob zd}ohn}s d} mohyhn}GCC yosks.4=&2:

Onbayld}oan diax} }gh oncomhnch ab GCC on zd}ohn}suo}g nan,roydf cgyanoc forhy moshdsh uo}gax} coyygasos&sxcg ds nan,dfcagafoc dnm dfcagafoc s}hd}aghzd}o}os& dx}a,ollxnh forhy moshdsh& ehnh}oc ghlacgyald}asos& d4,dn}o,}yozson mhfflcohnc dnm Uofsan moshdsh os folo}hm.9398&24

Gauhrhy& drdofdifh hromhnch sxeehs}s }gd} GCC xsxdffdyoshs on }ghsh can}hw}s anch coyygasos os hs}difosghm.4

Chy}donf& zd}ohn}s uo}g lh}diafoc snmyalh ay nan,dfca,gafoc s}hd}aghzd}o}os fhdmone }a coyygasos sgaxfm xnmhyeasxyrhoffdnch&29 ughyhds }gh yosk ab GCC mhrhfazlhn} osna} hs}difosghm on nan,coyyga}oc onmoromxdfs.

=.4.3. ]yhd}hm roydf cgyanoc ghzd}o}os

Yhchn} dmrdnchs on }ghydz gdrh fhm }a yhfd}orhf goegyd}hs ab roydf cfhdydnch ay sxzzyhssoan dlane }gashzd}ohn}s ihone }yhd}hm bay cgyanoc ghzd}o}os I ay C. Sxc,chssbxf }yhd}lhn}& fhdmone }a sxs}donhm royafaeocdfyhszansh on cgyanoc ghzd}o}os C& dnm GIhDe shyacanrhy,soan ay sxs}donhm GIRMND sxzzyhssoan on cgyanocghzd}o}os I& mhcyhdshs& ix} mahs na} hfolond}h }gh yoskab GCC.2322 Sxyrhoffdnch sgaxfm ih ahyhm }a }yhd}hmzd}ohn}s uo}g cgyanoc ghzd}o}os I uga yhldon d} yosk abGCC mhrhfazlhn} mxh }a idshfonh bdc}ays& ay }a }gash

]difh 3Yhcallhnmd}oans bay ghzd}achffxfdy cdyconald 'GCC/ sxyrhoffdnch0cd}heayohs ab dmxf} zd}ohn}s on ugal sxyrhoffdnch os yhcallhnmhm.

4. Coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& Cgofm,Zxeg s}deh D dnm Id

9. Coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& Cgofm,Zxeg s}deh C dudo}one forhy}ydnszfdn}d}oani

3. Nan,coyyga}oc GIR cdyyohys uo}g dc}orh ghzd}o}os ay bdlofgos}ay ab GCCc

=. Nan,coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s uo}g cgyanoc ghzd}o}os C dnm dmrdnchmforhy ffliyasos B3m

d Hromhnch 3D; s}yhne}g I4.i Hromhnch 3M; s}yhne}g I4.c Hromhnch 4I; s}yhne}g D4 bay Dsodn zd}ohn}s; Hromhnch 3M; s}yhne}g

C4 bay Uhs}hyn zd}ohn}sm Hromhnch 3M; s}yhne}g I4 bay Dsodn zd}ohn}s; Hromhnch 3M; s}yhne}g

I9 bay Uhs}hyn zd}ohn}s.



10/43

uo}g GCR,onmxchm dmrdnchm ffliyasos ay coyygasos& hrhndb}hy dcgohrone sxs}donhm royafaeocdf yhszansh.

=.9. Sxyrhoffdnch }hs}s

]hs}s }gd} cdn ih xshm on GCC sxyrhoffdnch oncfxmhshyafaeocdf dnm oldeone hwdlond}oans. ]gh oldeone }hs}las} uomhf xshm bay sxyrhoffdnch os xf}ydsanaeydzg'XS/. XS gds dn dcchz}difh modenas}oc dccxydc ughnxshm ds d sxyrhoffdnch }hs} 'shnso}oro} ydneone byal87( }a 7?(; szhcofflco} eyhd}hy }gdn ?:(/.25&27 D yhchn}lh}d,dndfsos oncfxmone 4? s}xmohs gds sgaun }gd} XSsxyrhoffdnch mh}hc}hm }gh ld`ayo} ab GCC }xlaxysihbayh }gh zyhshn}hm cfonocdff& uo}g d zaafhm shnso}oro}ab ?=(. Gauhrhy& XS uds fhss hhc}orh bay mh}hc}onehdyf,s}deh GCC& uo}g d shnso}oro} ab anf 23(.2? Oncan}yds}& on d yhchn} @dzdnhsh cagay} oncfxmone 4=39zd}ohn}s& cdyhbxf XS sxyrhoffdnch zhybaylhm i goegfskoffhm azhyd}ays yhsxf}hm on dn drhydeh soph ab }gh

mh}hc}hm }xlaxys ab 4.2 :.2 cl& uo}g fhss }gdn 9( ab}gh cdshs hwchhmone 3 cl.5:

]gh uomhszyhdm zazxfdyo} ab XS dfsa yhfohs an }ghdishnch ab yosks& nan,onrdsorhnhss& eaam dcchz}dnch izd}ohn}s dnm yhfd}orhf lamhyd}h cas}. Nanh}ghfhss& XSmh}hc}oan ab GCC an d coyyga}oc idckeyaxnm os d cgdf,fhneone ossxh. Forhy coyygasos os cgdydc}hyoshm i ffliyaxsshz}d dnm yhehnhyd}orh namxfhs. ]ghsh bhd}xyhs zyamxchd cadysh zd}}hyn an XS& ugocg ld olzdoy omhn}offlcd}oanab sldff }xlaxys. Ihcdxsh ab }ghsh folo}d}oans& }gh zhy,bayldnch ab XS on }gh hdyf mh}hc}oan ab GCC os goegfmhzhnmhn} an }gh hwzhy}osh ab }gh azhyd}ay dnm }gh txdf,

o} ab }gh htxozlhn}. ]gxs& szhcodf }ydonone bay xf}ydsa,naeydzghys os yhcallhnmhm. ]gh yhchn} on}yamxc}oan abXS can}yds} dehn}s gds na} zyarhn }a oncyhdsh }gh diofo}ab XS }a mh}hc} sldff GCC }xlaxys.54

]ghyh dyh na md}d }a sxzzay} }gh xsh ab lxf}omh}hc}aycalzx}hm }alaeydzg 'C]/ ay mndloc ldenh}oc yhsa,ndnch 'LY/ oldeone bay sxyrhoffdnch. Zydc}ocdf hwzhyo,hnch sxeehs}s }gd} }gh yd}h ab bdfsh,zaso}orh yhsxf}s }gd}uoff }yoeehy bxy}ghy onrhs}oed}oan os rhy goeg dnm nan,cas},hhc}orh. ]ghsh coycxls}dnchs dyh arhycalh on }ghsh}}one ab }gh udo}one fos} bay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan ughyhC] scdn ay ldenh}oc yhsandnch oldeone 'LYO/ os dndf}hynd}orh }a XS. ]ghsh }hcgnotxhs sgaxfm dfsa ih can,

somhyhm ughn aihso}& on}hs}ondf eds dnm cghs} udff mhbay,lo} zyhrhn} dn dmhtxd}h XS dsshsslhn}. Hrhn on }ghshcoycxls}dnchs& ydmod}oan yosk mxh }a yhzhd}hm hwzasxyhs}a C] scdn dnm goeg cas} ab LY ldkh mhid}difh }ghoyxsh on fane,}hyl sxyrhoffdnch.

Shyafaeocdf }hs}s }gd} gdrh ihhn onrhs}oed}hm ay dyhxnmhy onrhs}oed}oan bay hdyf modenasos ab GCC oncfxmhdfzgd,bh}azya}hon 'DBZ/& mhs,edlld,cdyiaw zya,}gyalion 'MCZ/ dfsa knaun ds zya}gyalion onmxchmi Ro}dlon K Dishnch OO 'ZORKD OO/ }gh yd}oa ab ef,casfd}hm DBZ 'F3 bydc}oan/ }a }a}df DBZ& dfzgd,bxcaso,mdsh dnm efzocdn 3.49&59 DBZ os }gh las} uomhf }hs}hm

ioaldykhy on GCC. O} os knaun }gd} zhysos}hn}f hfh,rd}hm DBZ fhrhfs dyh d yosk bdc}ay bay GCC mhrhfazlhn}dnm cdn ih xshm }a ghfz mhfflnh d},yosk zazxfd}oans.53 Abna}h os }gd} DBZ gds ihhn las}f }hs}hm on }gh modenas}oclamh yd}ghy }gdn bay sxyrhoffdnch. ]gos os yhfhrdn}& soncho}s zhybayldnch ds d modenas}oc }hs} cdnna} ih hw}ydza,fd}hm }a }gh sxyrhoffdnch sh}}one. Ds d shyafaeocdf }hs}bay sxyrhoffdnch& DBZ gds d sxiaz}oldf zhybayldnch.Anh ydnmaloshm s}xm5= dnm anh zazxfd}oan,idshmaishyrd}oandf s}xm58 yhdcghm azzaso}h yhsxf}s. ]gh fd},}hy s}xm zyaromhs yd}oandfh bay }hs}one DBZ on szhcodfzazxfd}oans ay ghdf}g cdyh hnroyanlhn}s ughn XS osna} yhdmof drdofdifh.58 Gauhrhy& ughn calionhm uo}gXS& DBZ fhrhfs dyh anf difh }a zyaromh dmmo}oandfmh}hc}oan on 27( ab cdshs na} zyhroaxsf omhn}offlhm iXS. Yhdsans bay }gh sxiaz}oldf zhybayldnch ab DBZds d shyafaeocdf }hs} on }gh sxyrhoffdnch lamh dyh }uabafm.Boys}f& xc}xd}one fhrhfs ab DBZ on zd}ohn}s uo}gcoyygasos loeg} yhhc} dyhs ab GIR ay GCR onbhc}oan&hwdchyid}oan ab xnmhyfone forhy moshdsh ay GCC mhrhf,

azlhn}.52 Shcanmf& anf d sldff zyazay}oan ab }xlaxysd} dn hdyf s}deh '4:9:(/ zyhshn} uo}g dinayldf DBZshyxl fhrhfs& d bdc} }gd} gds ihhn yhchn}f cayyhfd}hmuo}g d lafhcxfdy sxicfdss ab deeyhssorh GCCs 'S9cfdss& hzo}ghfodf chff dmghsoan lafhcxfh 'HzCDL/zaso}orh/.555? Ughn xshm ds d modenas}oc }hs}& DBZ fhrhfsd} d rdfxh ab 9: ne!lf sgau eaam shnso}oro} ix} fauszhcofflco}& ughyhds d} goeghy cx},as ab 9:: ne!lf }ghshnso}oro} myazs }a 99( uo}g goeg szhcofflco}.7:

Dff a}ghy shyxl ldykhys gdrh xsxdff ihhn hrdfx,d}hm& dfanh ay on caliond}oan& on d modenas}oc yd}ghy}gdn sxyrhoffdnch sh}}one. Layharhy& }ghoy modenas}oc

zhybayldnch gds ab}hn ihhn dsshsshm d} d GCC zyhrd,fhnch yhldykdif goeghy }gdn }gd} hwzhc}hm on }gh can,}hw} ab sxyrhoffdnch.74 On }gh fd}}hy sh}}one& MCZ&lhdsxyhm uo}g d fflys} ehnhyd}oan dssd& mom na} ahysxis}dn}odf dmrdn}dehs uo}g yhszhc} }a DBZ.79 On dmmo,}oan& MCZ fhrhfs gdrh ihhn dssacod}hm }a zay}df rhononrdsoan dnm dmrdnchm }xlaxydf s}deh& d bdc} }gd} zyh,rhn}s }gh xsdeh ab }gos ldykhy bay hdyf mh}hc}oan.79 Dsolofdy so}xd}oan accxys uo}g DBZ,F3 bydc}oan fhrhfs.73

D} zyhshn}& nanh ab }ghsh }hs}s cdn ih yhcallhnmhm}a sxyrh zd}ohn}s d} yosk ab mhrhfazone GCC. Shrhydfldykhys& sxcg ds bxcasfd}hm zya}hons& dyh cxyyhn}fxnmhy onrhs}oed}oan.7=

On cancfxsoan& XS cdn ih shhn ds }gh las} dzzyazyo,d}h }hs} }a zhybayl sxyrhoffdnch. ]gh caliond}oan uo}gDBZ os na} yhcallhnmhm& ds }gh 27( edon on }gh mh}hc,}oan yd}h mahs na} caxn}hyidfdnch }gh oncyhdsh on bdfshzaso}orh yhsxf}s& xf}old}hf fhdmone }a dn diax} 7:(oncyhdsh on }gh cas} ab hdcg sldff GCC modenashm.2?&78

=.3. Sxyrhoffdnch hfficdc

]ua ydnmaloshm can}yaffhm }yodfs gdrh ihhn zxifosghman GCC sxyrhoffdnch. On anh zazxfd}oan,idshm s}xm



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cfxs}hy ydnmalosd}oan 'ydnmalosone hn}oyh roffdehs/ udszhybaylhm calzdyone sxyrhoffdnch 'XS dnm DBZlhdsxyhlhn}s hrhy 2 lan}gs/ rhysxs na sxyrhoffdnchon d zazxfd}oan ab Cgonhsh zd}ohn}s uo}g cgyanoc ghzd}o}osI onbhc}oan& yhedymfhss ab }gh zyhshnch ab coyygasos.72

Mhszo}h sxiaz}oldf dmghyhnch }a }gh sxyrhoffdnchzyaeydllh '88(/& GCC,yhfd}hm lay}dfo} uds yhmxchmi 35( on }gh sxyrhoffdnch dyl ds d yhsxf} ab oncyhdshmdzzfocdiofo} ab yhshc}oan on mh}hc}hm cdshs. ]gh a}ghyDBZ,idshm sxyrhoffdnch s}xm cdyyohm ax} on Tomane'Cgond/ on goeg,yosk onmoromxdfs 'ldfhs& GIsDe+/ momna} omhn}ob mohyhnchs on arhydff sxyrordf.5=

A}ghy }zhs ab hromhnch oncfxmh zazxfd}oan dnmnan,zazxfd}oan,idshm cagay}s dnm cas},hhc}orhnhssdndfsos& ugocg las}f yhonbaych }gh ihnhffl}s ab yhexfdyXS scghlhs.88&2?&75?3 Gauhrhy& }ghsh s}xmohs dyh gh},hyaehnhaxs ds bdy ds s}deh dnm dh}oafae ab forhy mos,hdsh& dnm sxyrhoffdnch zya}acafs. Layharhy& dflas}dff sxhy byal lh}gamafaeocdf iodshs sxcg ds fhdm,}olhiods 'dzzdyhn} olzyarhlhn} ab sxyrordf mxh }a dn

dn}ocozd}hm modenasos/ dnm fhne}g }olh iods 'arhy,yhz,yhshn}d}oan ab sfauhy,eyauone }xlaxys/. Ugofs} }ghfd}}hy os xndraomdifh on }gos }zh ab s}xm& fhdm,}olhiods cdn ih lonoloshm xsone cayyhc}oan baylxfds.Ughn }gos uds manh& }gh dmrdn}deh ab sxyrhoffdnchyhldonhm.?=

=.=. Sxyrhoffdnch on}hyrdf

]gh omhdf on}hyrdf ab sxyrhoffdnch bay GCC sgaxfm ihmoc}d}hm i }ua ldon bhd}xyhs0 yd}h ab }xlaxy eyau}gxz }a }gh folo} ab o}s mh}hc}diofo}& dnm }xlaxy onco,

mhnch on }gh }dyeh} zazxfd}oan. Idshm an drdofdifhknaufhmeh an lhdn GCC rafxlh maxifone }olh757?;d 2,lan}g on}hyrdf yhzyhshn}s d yhdsandifh cgaoch.Cansomhyone& }gaxeg& }gd} on}hy,zd}ohn} rdyodiofo} ossa gxeh& d sgay}hy 3,lan}g on}hyrdf gds ihhn zyazashmi @dzdnhsh exomhfonhs.?:&?8 Gauhrhy& }gh xnotxh ydn,maloshm s}xm calzdyone 3 rhysxs 2,lan}g idshm zya,eydllhs bdofhm }a mh}hc} dn mohyhnchs.?4 An }gha}ghy gdnm& cagay} calzdyosans ab 2 rhysxs 49,lan}gscghlhs zyaromh solofdy yhsxf}s&89&?9 ugofs} yh}yaszhc}orhs}xmohs omhn}offlhm ih}}hy zhybayldnch ab }gh 2,lan}gon}hyrdf on }hyls ab s}deh loeyd}oan 'sldff GCC dlh,ndifh bay cxyd}orh }yhd}lhn}s/?2 dnm sxyrordf.?5 Lh}d,

dndfsos ab zyaszhc}orh s}xmohs gds sgaun }gd} }ghzaafhm shnso}oro} ab XS,idshm sxyrhoffdnch mhcyhdshsbyal 5:( uo}g }gh 2,lan}g zyaeydllh }a 8:( uo}g}gh dnnxdf zyaeydllh.2?

Bondff& cas},hhc}orhnhss s}xmohs gdrh sgaun }gd}shlo,dnnxdf XS,idshm sxyrhoffdnch olzyarhs txdfo},dm`xs}hm fobh hwzhc}dnc d} d yhdsandifh cas}.?7 On foeg}ab drdofdifh knaufhmeh& d 2,lan}g scghmxfhm sxyrhof,fdnch dzzhdys }gh zyhbhydifh cgaoch. Bxy}ghy }yodfs on }gossh}}one uaxfm ih mofficxf} }a olzfhlhn}.

=.8. Yhcdff zafoc

Yhcdff zafoc os cyxcodf bay }gh sxcchss ab sxyrhof,fdnch zyachmxyhs. O} cansos}s ab d mhfflnhm dfeayo}gl}a ih baffauhm ughn sxyrhoffdnch }hs}s sgau dn dinay,ldf yhsxf}. ]gos mhfflno}oan lxs} }dkh on}a dccaxn} }ghomhdf }dyeh} ab sxyrhoffdnch& o.h. }gh omhn}offlcd}oan abGCC d} d rhy hdyf s}deh '9 cl ay fhss/& ughn ydmocdf}yhd}lhn}s cdn ih dzzfohm uo}g }gh goeghs} zyaidiofo}

ab fane,}hyl cxyh.

??

On cdsh ab GCC& dinayldf XSyhsxf}s dyh ho}ghy d nhuf mh}hc}hm bacdf fhsoan ay dknaun ghzd}oc fhsoan }gd} hnfdyehs dnm!ay cgdnehs o}shcga zd}}hyn.4::

Zd}gafae s}xmohs sgau }gd} }gh ld`ayo} ab namxfhssldffhy }gdn 4 cl& }gd} cdn ih mh}hc}hm on d coyyga}ocforhy& dyh na} GCCs.4:4 ]gxs& d }oeg} baffau,xz os yhc,allhnmhm on }ghsh cdshs 'Boe. 9/. Dn dcchz}hm yxfh os}a cansomhy dn namxfh fdyehy }gdn diax} 4 cl ds dndinayldf scyhhnone yhsxf} udyydn}one bxy}ghy onrhs}oed,}oan.82 ]ghsh nhu namxfhs sgaxfm }yoeehy }gh yhcdffs}yd}he bay modenasos uo}g nan,onrdsorh ay onrdsorh'ioazs/ cyo}hyod& ds mhscyoihm on }gh shc}oan ab modena,

sos. Ob d modenasos cdnna} ih yhdcghm uo}g nan,onrdsorhcyo}hyod mxh }a d}zocdf ydmoafaeocdf dzzhdydnch& }ghnioazs os yhcallhnmhm. Ob hrhn ioazs zyaromhs oncan,cfxsorh yhsxf}s& }ghn d }oeg} baffau,xz hrhy = lan}gsos yhcallhnmhm. D shcanm ioazs cdn ih cansomhyhmon cdsh ab eyau}g ay cgdneh on }gh hngdnchlhn}zd}}hyn. Xzan mh}hc}oan ab d sxszocoaxs namxfh& }ghyhcallhnmhm zafoc os }a hrdfxd}h }gh zd}ohn} on dyhbhyydf chn}yh uo}g dzzyazyod}h gxldn dnm }hcgnocdfyhsaxychs.82

On coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& namxfhs fhss }gdn 4 cl onmodlh}hy mh}hc}hm i xf}ydsaxnm sgaxfm ih baf,fauhm hrhy = lan}gs }gh fflys} hdy dnm uo}g yhex,fdy cghckone hrhy 2 lan}gs }ghyhdb}hy 'hromhnch3M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/

On coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& modenasos ab GCC bay namxfhsab 4,9 cl on modlh}hy sgaxfm ih idshm an nan,onrdsorh cyo}hyod ay ioazs,zyarhn zd}gafaeocdfcanfflyld}oan. On }gh fd}}hy cdsh& o} os yhcallhnmhm}gd} ioazsohs dyh dsshsshm i dn hwzhy} ghzd}azd,}gafaeos}. D shcanm ioazs os yhcallhnmhm on cdshab oncancfxsorh fflnmones& ay eyau}g ay cgdneh onhngdnchlhn} zd}}hyn omhn}offlhm mxyone baffau,xz'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/

On coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s& namxfhs layh }gdn 9 cl onmodlh}hy cdn ih modenashm bay GCC idshm an }z,ocdf bhd}xyhs an anh oldeone }hcgnotxh. On cdsh ab

xnchy}don} ay d}zocdf ydmoafaeocdf fflnmones& mode,nasos sgaxfm ih canfflylhm i ioazs 'hromhnch 9M;yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/

Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4 2:?


12/43

8. Modenasos Naudmds& hdyf GCC modenasos os bhdsoifh on 3:,2:(ab cdshs on mhrhfazhm caxn}yohs dnm }gos hndifhs }ghdzzfocd}oan ab cxyd}orh }yhd}lhn}s. On bdc}& ugofs}}xlaxys fhss }gdn 9 cl on modlh}hy yhzyhshn}hm 68(ab }gh cdshs on }gh hdyf nonh}ohs on Hxyazh& cxyyhn}f}gh yhzyhshn} xz }a 3:( ab cdshs on @dzdn. ]gos }yhnm

os hwzhc}hm }a can}onxh eyauone on zdydffhf }a }gh uomhyolzfhlhn}d}oan ab sxyrhoffdnch zafocohs on mhrhfazhmcaxn}yohs.4:9 Gauhrhy& mh}hc}oan ab }ghsh lonx}h nam,xfhs ab-9 cl zashs d modenas}oc cgdffhneh ds }gh dyhmofficxf} }a cgdydc}hyosh i ydmoafaeocdf ay zd}gafaeocdfhwdlond}oan.4:34:8

Zyazhy mhfflno}oan ab namxfhs ds zyh,nhazfds}oc fhsoansay hdyf GCC gds cyo}ocdf olzfocd}oans. Mszfds}ocfhsoans sgaxfm ih baffauhm i yhexfdy oldeone s}xmohs&sonch d} fhds} anh,}goym ab }ghl mhrhfaz d ldfoendn} zgh,na}zh.4:2&4:5 Canrhyshf& hdyf }xlaxys dyh }yhd}hm uo}gza}hn}odff cxyd}orh zyachmxyhs dfiho} hwzhnsorh sxcgds yhshc}oan& }ydnszfdn}d}oan dnm zhycx}dnhaxs difd}oan.]gxs& }ghyh os dn xyehn} nhhm }a omhn}ob ih}}hy }aafs }acgdydc}hyosh }ghsh fhsoans. A}ghyuosh& }gh cas},hhc}orh,nhss ab }gh yhcdff zafocohs dzzfohm uo}gon sxyrhoffdnchzyaeydllhs uoff ih soenofflcdn}f xnmhylonhm.

8.4. Nan,onrdsorh modenasos

Dccxyd}h modenasos ab sldff forhy namxfhs os ab zdyd,laxn} olzay}dnch. Xn}of 9:::& modenasos uds idshm anioazs. ]gos dzzyadcg gdm salh folo}d}oans yhfd}hm }abhdsoiofo} mxh }a facd}oan dnm yosk ab calzfocd}oans&

Ldss!Namxfh an XS

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GCC

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=,zgdsh C]!mndloccan}yds} hngdnchm LYO

4 ay 9 zaso}orh }hcgnotxhs*0GCC ydmoafaeocdf gdffldyks**

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=,zgdsh C] ay mndloccan}yds} hngdnchm LYO

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Boe. 9. Modenas}oc dfeayo}gl dnm yhcdff zafoc. *Anh oldeone }hcgnotxh anf yhcallhnmhm on chn}yhs ab hwchffhnch uo}g goeg,hnm ydmoafaeocdfhtxozlhn}. **Ghzd}achffxfdy cdyconald 'GCC/ ydmoafaeocdf gdffldyk0 Dy}hyodf gzhyrdscxfdyo} dnm rhnaxs!fd}h zgdsh udsgax}.

Modenasos ab GCC os idshm an nan,onrdsorh cyo}h,yod ay zd}gafae 'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 4D/

Zd}gafaeocdf modenasos ab GCC os idshm an }gh yhc,allhnmd}oans ab }gh On}hynd}oandf CanshnsxsZdnhf. Ollxnas}donone bay EZC3& GSZ5: dnm efx,}dlonh sn}gh}dsh dnm!ay ehnh hwzyhssoan zyafflfhs'EZC3& F_RH4 dnm sxyroron/ dyh yhcallhnmhm}a mohyhn}od}h goeg eydmh mszfds}oc namxfhs byalhdyf GCC 'hromhnch 9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/Dmmo}oandf s}donone cdn ih cansomhyhm }a mh}hc}zyaehno}ay chff bhd}xyhs 'K4? dnm HzCDL/ aydsshss nhardscxfdyosd}oan 'CM3=/

Nan,onrdsorh cyo}hyod cdn anf ih dzzfohm }acoyyga}oc zd}ohn}s dnm dyh idshm an oldeone }hcg,

notxhs ai}donhm i =,zgdsh lxf}omh}hc}ay C] scdnay mndloc can}yds},hngdnchm LYO. Modenasossgaxfm ih idshm an }gh omhn}offlcd}oan ab }gh }zocdfgdffldyk ab GCC 'gzhyrdscxfdy on }gh dy}hyodfzgdsh uo}g udsgax} on }gh zay}df rhnaxs ay mhfdhmzgdshs/. Ugofs} anh oldeone }hcgnotxh os yhtxoyhmbay namxfhs ihanm 4 cl on modlh}hy 'hromhnch9M; yhcallhnmd}oan 9I/& d layh canshyrd}orhdzzyadcg uo}g 9 }hcgnotxhs os yhcallhnmhm on sxi,az}oldf sh}}ones. ]gh yafh ab can}yds},hngdnchmxf}ydsaxnm 'CHXS/ dnm dneoaeydzg os can}yarhy,sodf. ZH],scdn os na} dccxyd}h bay hdyf modenasos

24: Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4


13/43

sxcg ds ifhhmone ay nhhmfh,}ydck shhmone.4:7 On dmmo,}oan& dcgohrone dccxydc on mohyhn}od}one ih}uhhngoeg,eydmh mszfds}oc namxfhs dnm hdyf GCCs udscalzfhw& sonch s}yaldf onrdsoan& }gh las} yhfhrdn} cyo,}hyod& os mofficxf} }a yhcaenosh hrhn bay dn hwzhy} zd}gaf,aeos}.4:8 On 9::4& d zdnhf ab hwzhy}s an GCC canrhnhmon Idychfand i HDSF yhzay}hm bay }gh fflys} }olh nan,onrdsorh cyo}hyod bay GCC idshm an d caliond}oan aboldeone dnm fdiayd}ay fflnmones.4 On zyoncozfh& dxnotxh mndloc ydmoafaeocdf ihgdroaxy 'can}yds} xz,}dkh on }gh dy}hyodf zgdsh i C]& LYO& dneoaeydzgay XS/ yhzyhshn}hm }gh idckianh ab ydmoafaeocdf mode,nasos ab hdyf GCC. On coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s uo}g namxfhs>9 cl& caoncomhn}df fflnmones i }ua oldeone }hcgnotxhsuhyh cansomhyhm modenas}oc& ay df}hynd}orhf& anh olde,one }hcgnotxh dfane uo}g DBZ fhrhfs diarh =:: ne!lf.On dff a}ghy coycxls}dnchs ioazs uds ldnmd}ay. On9::8& }gh HDSF zdnhf ab hwzhy}s dnm }gh DlhyocdnDssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab Forhy Moshdshs 'DDSFM/exomhfonhs dmaz}hm d nhu GCC ydmoafaeocdf gdffldyk&

o.h. can}yds} xz}dkh on }gh dy}hyodf zgdsh dnm udsgax}on }gh rhnaxs!fd}h zgdsh.4:? Nan,onrdsorh modenasosuds hs}difosghm i anh oldeone }hcgnotxh on namxfhsdiarh 9 cl sgauone }gh GCC ydmoafaeocdf gdffldykdnm }ua caoncomhn}df }hcgnotxhs uo}g namxfhs ab 49 cl on modlh}hy 'C]& LYO dnm XS,can}yds}/. DBZfhrhfs uhyh myazzhm byal }gh modenas}oc scghlh.4:?

Yhchn} xzmd}hm DDSFM exomhfonhs gdrh zyazashm }gd}anh oldeone }hcgnotxh 'C] ay LYO/ sgauone }gh GCCydmoafaeocdf gdffldyk sxffichs bay modenasone }xlaxys ab49 cl on modlh}hy.82

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sorh modenas}oc cyo}hyod ab GCC& }ua txhs}oans dyh zashm.Boys}& ugd} md}d zyaromhs yhfodifh nan,onrdsorh modenas,}oc dccxydc bay namxfhs ab 49 cl on modlh}hy }dkoneon}a dccaxn} }gd} }gh yhcallhnmd}oans dzzf }a d uomhydneh ab hwzhy} zgsocodns dnm ydmoafaeos}s. Dnm shcanm&ugd} oldeone }hcgnotxhs cdn ih xshm. Yhedymone }ghfflys} ossxh& }ua zyaszhc}orh s}xmohs gdrh sgaun }gd} xsone}ua oldeone }hcgnotxhs os dn dzzyadcg uo}g goeg zaso,}orh zyhmoc}orh rdfxh 'ZZR/ dnm szhcofflco}.4:=&4:? On anhs}xm oncfxmone 7? canshcx}orh cdshs ab namxfhs ih}uhhn:.8 dnm 9 cl mh}hc}hm uo}gon sxyrhoffdnch zyaeydllhs oncoyyga}oc zd}ohn}s sgauhm }gd} nan,onrdsorh cyo}hyod dyhdccxyd}h bay }gh modenasos ab GCC& uo}g d szhcofflco}

ab 4::(.4:= Xnbay}xnd}hf& sxcg dn disafx}h szhcofflco}gdm }gh maunsomh ab d fau shnso}oro} ab 3:(& lhdnone}gd} }ua,}goyms ab namxfhs yhtxoyhm zd}gafaeocdf canffly,ld}oan. ]gh a}ghy s}xm sxeehs}hm }gd} }gh xsh ab dshtxhn}odf dfeayo}gl uaxfm ldon}don dn disafx}h szhco,fflco} ix} oncyhdsh }gh shnso}oro}& uo}g soenofflcdn} sdroneson }hyls ab forhy ioazs zyachmxyhs bay namxfhs ab 49 cl.44: D yh}yaszhc}orh s}xm yhzay}one modenas}oc dccx,ydcohs ab LYO on fdyeh shyohs ab }ydnszfdn}hm zd}ohn}ssgauhm dn arhydff bdfsh zaso}orh yd}h hwchhmone 4:(ughn xsone anh oldeone }hcgnotxh.444 Bondff& d yhchn}

zyaszhc}orh s}xm& }hs}one }gh dccxydc ab oldeone }hcg,notxhs on namxfhs ih}uhhn 4 dnm 9 cl mh}hc}hm i xf}yd,saxnm& sgauhm bdfsh zaso}orh modenasos las}f mxh }agoeg eydmh mszfds}oc namxfhs diarh 4:( uo}g ho}ghyanh ay }ua oldeone }hcgnotxhs& uo}g d szhcofflco} ab74( dnm 78(& yhszhc}orhf.449 Ghnch& }gh nan,onrdsorhmodenasos ab 49 cl fhsoans yhldons d cgdffhneone ossxh&uo}g na xnhtxoracdf md}d on zyaszhc}orh rdfomd}oan s}xm,ohs. Ugofs} }gh zdnhf cansomhys oncayzayd}one }gh 4 }hcg,notxh yxfh on aymhy }a gdrh d cansos}hn} dzzyadcg on }ghfflhfm& d layh cdx}oaxs dzzfocd}oan ab }gos yxfh os yhcal,lhnmhm on sxiaz}oldf sh}}ones& ughyh }gh }hcgnafaed} moszasdf ay }gh facdf skoffs dyh na} d} }gh goeg,hnmfhrhf. On }ghsh coycxls}dnchs& uh yhcallhnm }a xsh 9caoncomhn}df }hcgnotxhs& sonch }gh nhed}orh canshtxhnchsab goeg yd}hs ab bdfsh,zaso}orh modenasos ash} }gh ihnhffl}.Dmmo}oandf zyaszhc}orh s}xmohs }a canfflyl }gh dccxydcab }gos dzzyadcg dyh yhcallhnmhm on aymhy }a sxzzay}d layh s}yane yhcallhnmd}oan d} }gh 4D fhrhf.

Yhedymone ugocg oldeone }hcgnotxhs sgaxfm ih xshm&

o} gds }a ih zaon}hm ax} }gh bdc} }gd} }gh GCC ydmoafae,ocdf gdffldyk os idshm an }gh }xlaxy rdscxfdy mndloczhybayldnch. ]gos folo}s }gh xsdeh ab XS,can}yds} sonch XS locyaixiifhs dyh canfflnhm }a }gh on}ydrdscxfdyszdch ds azzashm }a oamond}hm can}yds},C] ay edmafon,oxl,idshm LY oldeone& on ugocg s}dnmdym can}yds}dehn}s dyh ydzomf cfhdyhm byal }gh ifaam zaaf on}a }ghhw}ydchffxfdy szdch. D yhchn} s}xm sgauhm }gd} fhsoansa}ghy }gdn GCC& o.h. cgafdneoacdyconald& moszfdhmgalaehnhaxs can}yds} xz}dkh d} XS,can}yds} baffauhmi udsgax}& o.h. }gh rdscxfdy zd}}hyn dssxlhm }a yhzyh,shn} }gh gdffldyk ab GCC.443 ]gxs& fd}hs} ehnhyd}oan

C] dnm!ay LYO baffauone yhzay}hm zya}acafs dyh yhc,allhnmhm bay nan,onrdsorh modenasos ab GCC.44= An}gh a}ghy gdnm& yhchn} dmrdnchs on }gh xsh ab zhybxsoanC] ay LYO uo}g forhy,szhcofflc can}yds} dehn}s gdrh na}sa bdy zyaromhm safom md}d }a sxzzay} }ghoy xsh ds df}hy,nd}h cyo}hyod.

O} os olzay}dn} }a zaon} ax} }gd} }gh GCC ydmoafaeocdfgdffldyk anf accxys on d sldff zyazay}oan ab zd}ohn}suo}g }on }xlaxys '49 cl/&4:3 dnm }gxs ioazs ay }ossxhioaldykhys uoff ih yhtxoyhm on las} ons}dnchs. Mhfdonemodenasos ihanm 9 cl fhdms }a oncyhdshm fhrhfs ab }yhd},lhn} bdofxyh ay yhcxyyhnch& sonch o} os knaun }gd} sd}hffo}hsdnm locyascazoc rdscxfdy onrdsoan yosh hwzanhn}odff

ihanm }gos soph cx},a.4:4 ]ghyhbayh& o} os cyxcodf }azyaromh yhfodifh }aafs bay d fflndf modenasos ihbayh }gh9 cl cx},a.

8.9. Zd}gafaeocdf modenasos

Zd}gafaeocdf modenasos ab GCC os idshm an }ghmhfflno}oans ab }gh On}hynd}oandf Canshnsxs Eyaxz bayGhzd}achffxfdy Nhazfdsod448 dnm os yhcallhnmhmbay dff namxfhs accxyyone on nan,coyyga}oc forhys& dnmbay }gash cdshs uo}g oncancfxsorh ay d}zocdf oldeone

Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4 244


14/43

dzzhdydnch on coyyga}oc forhys. Shnso}oro} ab forhy ioazsmhzhnms xzan facd}oan& soph dnm hwzhy}osh dnm loeg}ydneh ih}uhhn 5:( dnm ?:( bay dff }xlaxy sophs. Zd}g,afaeocdf modenasos os zdy}ocxfdyf calzfhw bay namxfhsih}uhhn 4 dnm 9 cl.4:8 Layzgafaeocdf cyo}hyod dfanhs}off zash zyaifhls bay }gh mohyhn}odf modenasos abgoeg,eydmh mszfds}oc namxfhs rhysxs hdyf GCC& hszh,codff ihcdxsh }gh zd}gafaeocdf gdffldyk ab GCC& s}ya,ldf onrdsoan& cdn ih dishn} ay mofficxf} }a omhn}ob onioazs szhcolhns.4:8 On d zyaszhc}orh s}xm& fflys} ioazsuds yhzay}hm zaso}orh on -2:( ab cdshs bay }xlaxysfhss }gdn 9 cl.4:= ]gxs& d zaso}orh }xlaxy ioazs oscfonocdff xshbxf }a yxfh on d modenasos ab GCC& ix} dnhed}orh ioazs mahs na} yxfh ax} ldfoendnc. ]gh yoskab }xlaxy shhmone db}hy forhy ioazs os 9.5( uo}g dlhmodn }olh on}hyrdf ih}uhhn ioazs dnm shhmone ab45 lan}gs.442

]ossxh ldykhys loeg} zyaromh d layh dcyass,}gh,iadym s}dnmdymoshm modenasos ab }ghsh }xlaxys. Mos}onc}}hcgnafaeohs sxcg ds ehnalh,uomh MND locyadyyd&

yhdf,}olh yhrhysh,}ydnscyoz}oan zaflhydsh cgdon yhdc,}oan 'tY],ZCY/& zya}haloc dnm ollxnas}donone s}xm,ohs gdrh ihhn xshm on dn d}}hlz} }a omhn}ob ldykhysab hdyf modenasos ab GCC. Bhu s}xmohs& gauhrhy&oncfxmh d }gayaxeg dndfsos ab shrhydf ldykhys on d}ydonone,rdfomd}oan scghlh dnm uo}g d sxfficohn} nxlihyab sdlzfhs.57 D s}xm canmxc}hm on 497 gxldn sdlzfhsmhscyoihm d 43,ehnh soend}xyh difh }a omhn}ob GCCfhsoans uo}g goeg modenas}oc dccxydc.445 Solofdyf& d}gyhh,ehnh soend}xyh '}gh ehnhs }gd} hncamh EZC3&F_RH4 dnm sxyroron/ gds ihhn zyazashm ds dn dccxyd}hlafhcxfdy }aaf '>7:( dccxydc/ }a moscyolond}h ih}uhhn

mszfds}oc namxfhs dnm sldff GCCs '69 cl/.

447

]gh zhy,bayldnch ab }gos soend}xyh uds hw}hyndff rdfomd}hm on dmohyhn} sh} ab sdlzfhs.447&44?

]gh modenas}oc zhybayldnch ab salh ldykhys ab hdyfGCC omhn}offlhm i ehnaloc s}xmohs gds ihhn zyaszhc,}orhf dsshsshm i ollxnagos}acghlos}y& d fau,cas}}hcgnotxh. I hwdlonone }gh }ossxh& }gh zd}gafaeos} cdnshfhc} d yhzyhshn}d}orh }xlaxy sdlzfh uo}gax} nhcyasosay ondlld}oan dnm mhfflnh }gh chff }zh hwzyhssone zya,}hon ldykhys dnm }gh szhcofflc zd}}hyn. D zyalosone ldykhyos EZC3& ugocgsgaus d shnso}oro}ab 2759( uo}g d szhc,offlco} sxzhyoay }a ?9(.49:&494 Solofdyf& caliond}oans abmohyhn} zya}hon ldykhys GSZ5:& EZC3 dnm ES on

4:8 ghzd}achffxfdy namxfhs zhybaylhm dcchz}dif 'shnso,}oro} dnm szhcofflco} ab 59( dnm 4::(& yhszhc}orhf/&49:

dnm uhyh db}hyudyms rdfomd}hm on }ua fdyehy shyohs.499&493

]gh On}hynd}oandf Canshnsxs Eyaxz ab Ghzd}achffxfdyNhazfdsod gds dmaz}hm }gh yhcallhnmd}oan }a mhfflnh dzd}gafaeocdf modenasos ab GCC ob d} fhds} }ua ab }ghshldykhys dyh zaso}orh.448 Dmmo}oandf s}donone cdn ih can,somhyhm }a dsshss nhardscxfdyosd}oan 'CM3=/ ay za}hn}odfzyaehno}ay chff ayoeon 'Khyd}on 4?& HzCDL/.4:4&4:8&49=

On zdy}ocxfdy& khyd}on 4? 'K4?/& d zyaehno}ay chff!iofodyldykhy& d} d cx},a ab 8( ab zaso}orh }xlaxy chffs uo}g

ollxnagos}acghlos}y& gds ihhn sgaun }a cayyhfd}h uo}gzaayhs} ax}calh.4:8&49=&498 Layharhy& K4? yhcaenoshsiofody bhd}xyhs on lowhm bayls ab GCC!cgafdneoacdyco,nald& ugocg dyh na} dfuds mh}hc}hm an gdhld}awfonhason s}don.

8.3. Dsshsslhn} ab moshdsh hw}hnsoan

Dsshsslhn} ab }xlaxy hw}hnsoan os cyo}ocdf bay mhffln,one s}deone dnm }yhd}lhn} s}yd}he. Shrhydf s}xmohs uo}gzd}gafaeocdf cayyhfd}oan gdrh sgaun }gd} mndloc can,}yds},hngdnchm LYO dnm =,zgdsh lxf}omh}hc}ay C] dyh}gh las} hhc}orh oldeone }hcgnotxhs bay mh}hc}one}xlaxys sldffhy }gdn 9 cl. Gauhrhy& xnmhyhs}old}oanab 983:( os hwzhc}hm hrhn uo}g }gh ihs} s}d}h,ab,}gh,dy} }hcgnafae.492&495 Zyh,szhcofflhm zya}acafs sgaxfmmhfflnh }gh dlaxn} dnm yd}h ab can}yds} eorhn& }gh zyhcoshonmoromxdfoshm }olone ab }gh oldeh dctxoso}oan dnm oldehyhcans}yxc}oan uo}g lonolxl sfoch }gocknhss. Fozoamaf

can}yds} s}donone sgaxfm na} ih xshm. Can}yds},hngdnchmxf}ydsaxnm os xndifh }a calzh}h uo}g C] dnm LYO on}hyls ab dccxydc bay mh}hc}oan ab fhsoans. Ianh scon}oe,ydzg cdn ih xshm bay hrdfxd}one ianh lh}ds}dshs. ZH],idshm oldeone os na} dccxyd}h }a s}deh hdyf }xlaxys.Zyh,azhyd}orh s}deone zyoay }a forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oansgaxfm oncfxmh dimalondf mndloc C] ay LYO& cghs}C] dnm ianh scon}oeydzg.

2. S}deone ss}hls

S}deone ss}hls on GCC sgaxfm mhfflnh ax}calhzyhmoc}oan dnm }yhd}lhn} dssoenlhn}. ]gh sgaxfmbdcofo}d}h hwcgdneh ab onbayld}oan& zyaenasos zyh,moc}oan dnm }yodf mhsoen. Mxh }a }gh nd}xyh abGCC& }gh ldon zyaenas}oc rdyodifhs dyh }xlaxys}deh& forhy bxnc}oan dnm zhybayldnch s}d}xs

]gh ICFC s}deone ss}hl os yhcallhnmhm bayzyaenas}oc zyhmoc}oan dnm }yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan 4I/. ]gos s}deoness}hl cdn ih dzzfohm }a las} GCC zd}ohn}s& dsfane ds szhcofflc cansomhyd}oans bay szhcodf sxizaz,

xfd}oans 'forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan/ dyh oncayzayd}hm Yhfflnhlhn} ab ICFC cfdss C i cfonocdf ay ioa,

ldykhy }aafs sgaxfm bxy}ghy bdcofo}d}h xnmhys}dnm,one ab ax}calh md}d dnm }yodf s}yd}offlcd}oan

A}ghy s}deone ss}hls dzzfohm dfanh ay on calio,nd}oan uo}g ICFC dyh na} yhcallhnmhm on cfonocdfzydc}och

Lafhcxfdy cfdssofflcd}oan ab GCC idshm an ehnh soe,nd}xyhs ay lafhcxfdy dinayldfo}ohs os na} yhdm baycfonocdf dzzfocd}oan 'hromhnch 9D; yhcallhnmd}oan4I/

249 Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4


15/43

Cdnchy cfdssofflcd}oan os on}hnmhm }a hs}difosg zyaena,sos dnm hndifh }gh shfhc}oan ab }gh dmhtxd}h }yhd}lhn}bay }gh ihs} cdnmomd}hs. On dmmo}oan& o} ghfzs yhshdycghys}a hwcgdneh onbayld}oan dnm mhsoen cfonocdf }yodfs uo}gcalzdydifh cyo}hyod. On zd}ohn}s uo}g GCC& xnfokh las}safom }xlaxys& }gh cahwos}hnch ab }ua fobh,}gyhd}hnonecanmo}oans sxcg ds cdnchy dnm coyygasos calzfocd}hszyaenas}oc dsshsslhn}s.??&497 ]gxs& s}deone ss}hls bay}gos cdnchy sgaxfm ih mhsoenhm uo}g md}d calone byal}ua saxychs. Boys}& zyaenas}oc rdyodifhs ai}donhm byals}xmohs mhscyoione }gh nd}xydf gos}ay ab cdnchy dnm coy,ygasos. Shcanm& }yhd}lhn},mhzhnmhn} rdyodifhs ai}donhmbyal hromhnch,idshm s}xmohs zyaromone }gh yd}oandfh baydssoenone d eorhn }ghydz }a zd}ohn}s on d eorhn sxicfdss.

Idshm an md}d yhzay}one }gh nd}xydf gos}ay ab }gh mos,hdsh& }gh ldon cfonocdf zyaenas}oc bdc}ays on GCCzd}ohn}s dyh yhfd}hm }a }xlaxy s}d}xs 'mhfflnhm i nxlihydnm soph ab namxfhs& zyhshnch ab rdscxfdy onrdsoan& hw}yd,ghzd}oc szyhdm/& forhy bxnc}oan 'mhfflnhm i Cgofm,Zxegscfdss& iofoyxion& dfixlon& zay}df gzhy}hnsoan& dsco}hs/

dnm ehnhydf ghdf}g s}d}xs 'mhfflnhm i HCAE cfdssofflcd,}oan dnm zyhshnch ab slz}als/.49?433 Dh}oafae gdsna} ihhn omhn}offlhm ds dn onmhzhnmhn} zyaenas}oc bdc}ay.

]ossxh dnm shyxl ioaldykhys zyhmoc}one zyaenasosgdrh ihhn fhss hwzfayhm on GCC zd}ohn}s. S}yoc} yxfhsbay oncayzayd}one zyaenas}oc ay zyhmoc}orh ldykhys on}acfonocdf zydc}och gdrh ihhn zxifosghm.43= Dccaymone }a}ghsh yxfhs& dcchz}difh ioaldykhys sgaxfm ih ai}donhm

byal ydnmaloshm onrhs}oed}oans& ds os }gh cdsh uo}gKYDS s}d}xs dnm yhszansh }a ch}xwoldi on cafan cdnchy.Anf on zdy}ocxfdyf calzhffone coycxls}dnchs cdn zyae,nas}oc ay zyhmoc}orh ldykhys }hs}hm on cagay} s}xmohs ihdmaz}hm on cfonocdf zydc}och. ]gh zdnhf yhcallhnms }aoncayzayd}h ioaldykhys bay }gh ldndehlhn} ab GCCughn }gh baffauone yhtxoyhlhn}s dyh lh}0 '4/ mhlan,s}yd}h zyaenas}oc zyhmoc}oan on zyazhyf zauhyhm ydn,maloshm s}xmohs ay on }ydonone dnm rdfomd}oan sh}s byalcagay} s}xmohs; '9/ mhlans}yd}h onmhzhnmhn} zyaenas}ocrdfxh on lx}ordyod}h dndfsos& oncfxmone knaun cfonoca,zd}gafaeocdf zyhmoc}orh rdyodifhs dnm '3/ canfflyld}oanab yhsxf}s xsone }gh sdlh }hcgnafae on dn hw}hyndf cagay}yhzay}hm i onmhzhnmhn} onrhs}oed}ays. Nanh ab }gh ioa,ldykhys }hs}hm sa bdy bxffflf }ghsh cyo}hyod on GCC& ix} baxy`xs} yhtxoyh hw}hyndf rdfomd}oan i onmhzhnmhn} eyaxzs0ehnh soend}xyhs ay ioaldykhys byal }gh }xlaxy 'HzCDLsoend}xyh& E3, zyafobhyd}oan sxicfdss dnm loY,92d/55&438&432 dnm dm`dchn} }ossxh 'zaay,sxyrordf soend,}xyh/.435 Yhedymone shyxl ldykhys& DBZ fhrhfs& RHEB

dnm Dne9 gdrh ihhn sgaun }a gdrh onmhzhnmhn} zyae,nas}oc rdfxh on fdyeh cagay}s ab xn}yhd}hm dmrdnchm}xlaxys.437 ]gh zyaenas}oc yhfhrdnch ab goeg DBZ fhrhfsgds ihhn scdychf yhzay}hm on can}yaffhm onrhs}oed}oans&43?

ix} gds ihhn sgaun }a zyhmoc} yosk ab myaz,ax} on zd}ohn}san }gh udo}one fos} bay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan 'cx},a ab9:: ne!lf& ay i oncyhdshs ab >48 ne!lf/&4=:&4=4 yhszansh}a facdf difd}oan&4=9 yhszansh }a faca,yheoandf }ghyd,

GCC

S}deh :

Yhshc}oan Forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan'CF]!FMF]/

Cxyd}orh }yhd}lhn} '3:,=:(/Lhmodn AS >2: la; 8,y sxyrordf0 =:,5:(

YB!ZHO ]DCH

]dyeh}0 9:(AS0 9: la '=8,4=/

]dyeh}0 =:(AS0 44 la '2,4=/

]dyeh}0 4:(AS0 63 la

Saydbhnoi Ihs} sxzzay}orhcdyh

S}deh D,C S}deh M

ZS] :& Cgofm,Zxeg D ZS] :,9& Cgofm,Zxeg D,I ZS] >9& Cgofm,Zxeg C*

Rhy hdyf s}deh ':/

Sonefh 69 cl&

Cdyconald on so}x

Zay}df zyhssxyh!iofoyxion

Dssacod}hm moshdshsOncyhdshm

Nayldf Na _hs

Sonefh

Sonefh ay 3 namxfhs 3 cl&

ZS :

3 namxfhs 3 cl

Lxf}onamxfdy&

ZS :

Zay}df onrdsoan&

N4& L4& ZS 4,9

Hdyf s}deh 'D/ On}hylhmod}h s}deh 'I/ Dmrdnchm s}deh 'C/ ]hylondf s}deh 'M/

Boe. 3. Xzmd}hm Idychfand,Cfnoc Forhy Cdnchy 'ICFC/ s}deone ss}hl dnm }yhd}lhn} s}yd}he& 9:44.



16/43

zohs4=3 dnm on }gh ax}calh ab dmrdnchm }xlaxys 'cx},aab 9:: ne!lf437; =:: ne!lf43:&4==/. ]gh gh}hyaehnho} ab}gh diarh s}xmohs zyhrhn}s }gh baylxfd}oan ab d cfhdy yhc,allhnmd}oan& ix} o} os dmroshm }a }hs} fhrhfs >9:: dnm!ay>=:: ne!lf ds zyaenas}oc bdc}ays ab zaay ax}calh onyhshdycg onrhs}oed}oans.

Shrhydf s}deone ss}hls gdrh ihhn zyazashm }a zya,romh d cfonocdf cfdssofflcd}oan ab GCC. On ancafae& }ghs}dnmdym cfdssofflcd}oan ab cdnchy os idshm an }gh ]NLs}deone. On GCC& }gh 5}g ]NL hmo}oan on dccaymdnchuo}g }gh D@CC&4=8& ugocg uds ai}donhm byal }gh dndf,sos ab d shyohs ab zd}ohn}s xnmhyeaone yhshc}oan& gdsshrhydf folo}d}oans.4=2 Boys}& zd}gafaeocdf onbayld}oan osyhtxoyhm }a dsshss locyardscxfdy onrdsoan& ugocg os anfdrdofdifh on zd}ohn}s }yhd}hm i sxyehy '-9:(/. On dmmo,}oan& o} mahs na} cdz}xyh onbayld}oan yhedymone forhybxnc}oandf s}d}xs ay ghdf}g s}d}xs. Anh,molhnsoandf ss,}hls& sxcg ds }gh Akxmd s}deone dnm }gh Cgofm Zxegcfdssofflcd}oan& dfiho} zazxfdy& shyrh zxyzashs mos}onc} }acfdss zyhmoc}oan on GCC zd}ohn}s. Dlane layh calzyh,

ghnsorh s}deone ss}hls& fflrh gdrh ihhn iyadmf }hs}hm&}gyhh Hxyazhdn '}gh Byhncg cfdssofflcd}oan&4=5 }gh Cdnchyab }gh Forhy O}dfodn Zyaeydl 'CFOZ/ cfdssofflcd}oan&43:

dnm }gh Idychfand,Cfnoc Forhy Cdnchy 'ICFC/ s}deoness}hl4=7&4=?/ dnm }ua Dsodn '}gh Cgonhsh Xnorhyso}Zyaenas}oc Onmhw 'CXZO scayh/48: dnm }gh @dzdn On}h,eyd}hm S}deone '@OS/& ugocg uds yhchn}f yhfflnhm oncfxm,one ioaldykhys 'DBZ& MCZ DBZ,F,3/ 'il,@OS/484/.CXZO dnm }gh CFOZ scayhs fdyehf sxicfdssob zd}ohn}sd} dmrdnchm s}dehs& uo}g d sldff nxlihy ab hhc}orhf}yhd}hm zd}ohn}s. Arhydff& bhu ab }gh las} xshm ss}hlsay scayhs gdrh ihhn hw}hyndff rdfomd}hm 'ICFC; CXZO;

CFOZ dnm il,@OS/& anf }ua oncfxmh }gh }gyhh }zhs abzyaenas}oc rdyodifhs 'ICFC& CXZO/ dnm anf anhdssoens }yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan }a szhcofflc zyaenas}oc sxi,cfdsshs 'ICFC/.

]gh cxyyhn} HDSFHAY]C EZ exomhfonhs hnmaysh}gh Idychfand Cfnoc Forhy Cdnchy 'ICFC/ cfdssofflcd,}oan bay shrhydf yhdsans.4=7&4=? O} oncfxmhs zyaenas}oc rdyo,difhs yhfd}hm }a }xlaxy s}d}xs& forhy bxnc}oan dnm ghdf}gzhybayldnch s}d}xs dfane uo}g }yhd}lhn},mhzhnmdn}rdyodifhs ai}donhm byal cagay} s}xmohs dnm ydnmaloshm}yodfs. O} gds ihhn hw}hyndff rdfomd}hm on mohyhn} cfonocdfsh}}ones.48948= ]gos os dn hrafrone ss}hl }gd} fonks}xlaxy s}deh uo}g }yhd}lhn} s}yd}he on d mndloc ldn,

nhy hndifone }gh oncayzayd}oan ab narhf dmrdnchlhn}s on}gh xnmhys}dnmone ab }gh zyaenasos ay ldndehlhn} abGCC. On }gos yhedym& }gh shlondf cfdssofflcd}oan yhzay}hmon 4???4=7 uds xzmd}hm uo}g }gh oncayzayd}oan ab s}deh: 'rhy hdyf GCC/ dnm cghlahliafosd}oan bay on}hylh,mod}h GCC on 9::3&?? dnm bxy}ghy lamofflhm on 9::7 }aoncayzayd}h saydbhnoi ds }gh fflys},fonh }yhd}lhn} az}oanon dmrdnchm }xlaxys.4=? Ds moscxsshm ihfau& bxy}ghyyhfflnhlhn}s on cfdss s}yd}offlcd}oan 'bay ons}dnch }a oncay,zayd}h ioaldykhys/ ay }yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan yhsxf}onebyal zaso}orh goeg,hnm }yodfs dyh hwzhc}hm on }gh baffauone

hdys. ]gh ICFC cfdssofflcd}oan uds fflys} hnmayshm i }ghHDSF&4 dnm }ghyhdb}hy i }gh DDSFM exomhfonhs bay }ghldndehlhn} ab GCC.82

2.4. ICFC cfdssofflcd}oan0 ax}calh zyhmoc}oan dnm

}yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan

]gh Idychfand,Cfnoc Forhy Cdnchy 'ICFC/ cfdssoffl,cd}oan moromhs GCC zd}ohn}s on fflrh s}dehs ':& D& I& Cdnm M/ dccaymone }a zyh,hs}difosghm zyaenas}oc rdyo,difhs& dnm dffacd}hs }ghydzohs dccaymone }a }yhd}lhn},yhfd}hm s}d}xs 'Boe. 3/. ]gxs& o} zyaromhs onbayld}oanan ia}g zyaenas}oc zyhmoc}oan dnm }yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan.Zyaenasos zyhmoc}oan os mhfflnhm i rdyodifhs yhfd}hm }a}xlaxy s}d}xs 'soph& nxlihy& rdscxfdy onrdsoan& N4dnm L4/& forhy bxnc}oan 'Cgofm,Zxegs/ dnm ghdf}g s}d}xs'HCAE/. ]yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan oncayzayd}hs }yhd}lhn}mhzhnmdn} rdyodifhs& ugocg gdrh ihhn sgaun }a onx,hnch }ghydzhx}oc ax}calh& sxcg ds iofoyxion& zay}df

gzhy}hnsoan ay zyhshnch ab slz}als HCAE.

2.4.4. Hdyf s}dehs

Rhy hdyf GCC 'ICFC s}deh :/ os mhfflnhm ds }ghzyhshnch ab d sonefh }xlaxy 69 cl on modlh}hy uo}gax}rdscxfdy onrdsoan!sd}hffo}hs on zd}ohn}s uo}g eaam ghdf}gs}d}xs 'HCAE,:/ dnm uhff,zyhshyrhm forhy bxnc}oan'Cgofm,Zxeg D cfdss/. Naudmds& 84:( ab zd}ohn}s on}gh Uhs} dyh modenashm d} }gos s}deh ugofs} on @dzdn }ghfflexyh os dflas} 3:( mxh }a }gh uomhszyhdm olzfhlhn}d,}oan ab sxyrhoffdnch zyaeydllhs.488 Byal zd}gafaeocdfs}xmohs& }gaxeg& }ua sxicfdsshs ab }xlaxys gdrh ihhn

mhfflnhm0 rdexhf namxfdy }zh soph dyaxnm 49 ll uo}g,ax} facdf onrdsorhnhss dnm }gh mos}onc}f namxfdy }zh lhdn soph 42 ll ugocg loeg} sgau facdf onrdsorhnhss.Rdexhf namxfdy }zhs dyh rhy uhff,mohyhn}od}hm GCCs}gd} can}don iofh mxc}s dnm zay}df rhons& gdrh off,mhfflnhmnamxfdy dzzhdydnch dnm& i mhfflno}oan& ma na} gdrhonrdmhm s}yxc}xyhs. Mos}onc}f namxfdy }zh sgau facdflh}ds}dshs sxyyaxnmone }gh namxfh on 4:( ab cdshs& dnmlocyascazoc zay}df onrdsoan on xz }a 98(.4:4&4:8 ]ghyh,bayh& salh }xlaxys sldffhy }gdn 9 cl dyh zyanh }afacdff mosshlond}h& ix} a}ghys ihgdrh ds cdyconaldon so}x dnm }gash dyh mhfflnhm ds S}deh :. Yhchn} md}d gdrhsgaun d 8,hdy sxyrordf on 7:?:( ab zd}ohn}s uo}g yhshc,

}oan dnm forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan dnm on 5:( uo}g facdf difd,}oan.48248? Ugh}ghy zd}ohn}s d} rhy hdyf s}deh cdn ihahyhm facdf difd}oan ds d fflys} fonh }yhd}lhn} az}oan osd }azoc ab can}yarhys. Na YC] dmmyhssone }gos ossxhgdrh ihhn yhzay}hm sa bdy dnm calzdyosan ab cagay}s}xmohs sxhys byal shfhc}oan iods.

Hdyf GCC 'ICFC s}deh D/ os mhfflnhm on zd}ohn}szyhshn}one sonefh }xlaxys >9 cl ay 3 namxfhs 63 clab modlh}hy& HCAE,: dnm Cgofm,Zxeg cfdss D ay I.Lhmodn sxyrordf ab zd}ohn}s uo}g hdyf GCC yhdcghs8:5:( d} 8 hdys db}hy yhshc}oan& forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan

24= Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4


17/43

ay facdf difd}oan on shfhc}hm cdnmomd}hs.4:9&42: ]gh nd}x,ydf ax}calh ab }ghsh cdshs os off,mhfflnhm mxh }gh scdyco}ab yhzay}hm md}d& ix} o} os hs}old}hm }a ih d lhmodn sxy,rordf ab dyaxnm 32 lan}gs. Dn olzyarhlhn} on sxyrordfos xnorhysdf ughn dzzfone }gh sa,cdffhm }yhd}lhn},mhzhnmhn} rdyodifhs on }gh shfhc}oan ab cdnmomd}hs.

]xlaxy s}d}xs os mhfflnhm i soph ab }gh ldon namxfhdnm lxf}ochn}yoco} 'sonefh 98 cl& 3 namxfhs 23 cl/&hdcg ab }ghsh cd}heayohs sgauone soenofflcdn}f mohyhn}ax}calhs. Ds moscxsshm ihfau& sonefh }xlaxys ihanm8 cl dyh s}off cansomhyhm bay sxyeocdf yhshc}oan ds fflys}az}oan& ihcdxsh ob lamhyn LYO os dzzfohm on zyh,azhyd,}orh s}deone& }gh bdc} }gd} safo}dy fdyeh }xlaxys yhldonsonefh dnm uo}g na ldcyardscxfdy onrafrhlhn} ugocgloeg} ih callan on GIR,yhfd}hm GCC yhhc}s dlayh ihnoen ioafaeocdf ihgdroaxy.

Rdyodifhs yhfd}hm }a forhy bxnc}oan dyh yhfhrdn} baycdnmomd}hs }a yhshc}oan. Dishnch ab cfonocdff yhfhrdn}zay}df gzhy}hnsoan dnm nayldf iofoyxion dyh kh zyhmoc,}ays ab sxyrordf on zd}ohn}s uo}g sonefh }xlaxys xnmhyea,

one yhshc}oan.424 Solofdyf& Cgofm,Zxeg cfdss D os }ghs}yanehs} zyaenas}oc rdyodifh on zd}ohn}s xnmhyeaonefacdf difd}oan& dfane uo}g }xlaxy soph dnm yhszansh }a}yhd}lhn}.429 Sonch forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan ld za}hn}odffcxyh ia}g }gh }xlaxy dnm }gh xnmhyfone forhy moshdsh&rdyodifhs las}f yhfd}hm uo}g GCC gdrh ihhn cfhdyfhs}difosghm ds zyaenas}oc bdc}ays 'sonefh }xlaxys28 cl ay 3 namxfhs23 cl/& mhfflnone }gh sa,cdffhm Lofdncyo}hyod.

2.4.9. On}hylhmod}h,dmrdnchm GCC

Zyaenasos ab GCC uds dssxlhm }a ih zaay bay xnyh,shc}difh cdshs& uo}g d lhmodn sxyrordf ab fhss }gdn 4 hdy.Dndfsos ab gh}hyaehnhaxs ax}calhs uo}gon 98 YC]s'9 hdy sxyrordf 78:(/434&433&43?&423 fhdms }a }gh omhn}offl,cd}oan ab d} fhds} }gyhh sxieyaxzs ab zd}ohn}s uo}g xnyh,shc}difh GCC0 }gh on}hylhmod}h& dmrdnchm dnm hnm,s}dehcfdsshs& dccaymone }a }gh ICFC cfdssofflcd}oan.

2.4.9.4. On}hylhmod}h GCC 'ICFC s}deh I/. Xn}yhd}hmzd}ohn}s d} dn on}hylhmod}h s}deh ICFC I cfdss 'lxf}o,namxfdy dslz}ald}oc }xlaxys uo}gax} dn onrdsorh zd},}hyn/ zyhshn} d lhmodn sxyrordf ab 42 lan}gs&43?&42= ay

=?( d} 9 hdy.433 Cghlahliafosd}oan hw}hnms }gh sxy,rordf ab }ghsh zd}ohn}s }a d lhmodn ab xz }a 4?9: lan}gsdccaymone }a YC] dnm lh}d,dndfsos ab zaafhm md}d.43?

Nanh}ghfhss& ax}calh zyhmoc}oan os gh}hyaehnhaxs bayICFC I sxicfdss zd}ohn}s& dnm gds ihhn yhzay}hm }aydneh byal dyaxnm 32=8 lan}gs428425 bay }gh ihs}yhszanmhys }a cghlahliafosd}oan on yhchn} shyohs& }a44 lan}gs bay }gh uays} schndyoa ab xn}yhd}hm cdnmomd}hs'zfdchia dyl ab }gh saydbhnoi ghzd}achffxfdy cdyconalddsshsslhn} ydnmaloshm zya}acaf 'SGDYZ/ }yodf, ICFCI zd}ohn}s/.427 D yhchn} lh}d,dndfsos ab YC] dsshssoneax}calh ab zd}ohn}s on }gh can}yaf dyl sxeehs}s }gd} dsco,

}hs ugocg can}ydonmocd}hs ]DCH }yhd}lhn} os }ghuays} zyaenas}oc bdc}ay bay }gos sxicfdss.433

2.4.9.9. Dmrdnchm GCC 'ICFC s}deh C/. Zd}ohn}s uo}gcdnchy yhfd}hm,slz}als 'slz}ald}oc }xlaxys&HCAE 49/& ldcyardscxfdy onrdsoan 'ho}ghy shelhn}dfay zay}df onrdsoan/ ay hw}ydghzd}oc szyhdm 'flzg namh

onrafrhlhn} ay lh}ds}dshs/ ihdy d mosldf zyaenasos&uo}g hwzhc}hm lhmodn sxyrordf }olhs ab 2 lan}gs&434&42=

ay 98( d} 4 hdy.433 Nanh}ghfhss& o} os airoaxs }gd} }gosax}calh rdyohs dccaymone }a }gh forhy bxnc}oandf s}d}xsdnm a}ghy rdyodifhs. Bay ons}dnch& zd}ohn}s uo}g zyh,shyrhm forhy bxnc}oan 'Cgofm,Zxegs D cfdss/ gdrh d lhm,odn sxyrordf ab 5 lan}gs&427 ugofs} }gash uo}g shrhyh forhyolzdoylhn} 'Cgofm,Zxegs I cfdss/ zyhshn} 8 lan}gs ablhmodn fobh hwzhc}dnc. On 9::2& }ghyh uds na BMD,dzzyarhm fflys} fonh }yhd}lhn} bay zd}ohn}s uo}g dmrdnchmGCC. ]gos schndyoa gds cgdnehm ds d yhsxf} ab }gh md}dyhzay}hm sgauone sxyrordf ihnhffl}s byal zd}ohn}s yhchor,one saydbhnoi d lxf}o }yasonh kondsh ongoio}ay on

dmrdnchm cdshs.427 ]gh yhsxf}s ab }gos YC] yhzyhshn} diyhdk}gyaxeg on }gh ldndehlhn} ab GCC& ds o} os mos,cxsshm on }gh lafhcxfdy }dyeh}hm }ghydzohs shc}oan ab }gosmacxlhn}. Arhydff lhmodn sxyrordf on }gh saydbhnoi dyluds 4:.5 lan}gs& ydneone byal 4=.5 lan}gs on ICFC Idnm ?.8 lan}gs on ICFC C zd}ohn}s.

2.4.9.3. Hnm,s}deh GCC. Zd}ohn}s uo}g hnm,s}deh moshdshdyh cgdydc}hyoshm i zyhshn}one uo}g }xlaxys fhdmone }ad rhy zaay Zhybayldnch S}d}xs 'HCAE 3=/& ugocgyhhc}s d shrhyh }xlaxy,yhfd}hm mosdiofo}. ]ghoy lhmodnsxyrordf os 3= lan}gs4=7 ay 44( d} 4,hdy.433 Solofdyf&

Cgofm,Zxeg C zd}ohn}s uo}g }xlaxys ihanm }gh }ydns,zfdn}d}oan }gyhsgafm dfsa gdrh d rhy zaay zyaenasos.

2.4.3. Canchz} ab }yhd}lhn} s}deh loeyd}oan

D zyazay}oan ab zd}ohn}s on hdcg s}deh mahs na} bxffflffdff }gh cyo}hyod bay }gh }yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan. On }gash cdshs&o} os dmroshm }a ahy }gh zd}ohn} }gh nhw} las} sxo}difhaz}oan uo}gon }gh sdlh s}deh ay }gh nhw} zyaenas}oc s}deh.Bay ons}dnch& zd}ohn}s d} ICFC D bdofone facdf difd}oansgaxfm ih ahyhm cghlahliafosd}oan. Solofdyf& zd}ohn}sd} ICFC I s}deh nan,yhszanmone }a cghlahliafosd}oan d} fhds} }ua ccfhs ab }yhd}lhn}, sgaxfm ih ahyhm

saydbhnoi& ds yhzay}hm on }gh SGDYZ }yodf.427&42?

2.4.=. Yhfflnhlhn} ab ICFC cfdssofflcd}oan

Salh s}xmohs cgdffhnehm }gh cdzdco} ab ICFC }azyazhyf zyaromh d fflnh s}yd}offlcd}oan ab zd}ohn}s bay }yodfmhsoen. ]ghsh s}xmohs las}f oncfxmhm zd}ohn}s d} ICFCC s}deh ab }gh moshdsh.45: ]gh zdnhf ab hwzhy}s dcknauf,hmehs }gd} }gh ydneh ab sxyrordf yhzay}hm bay zd}ohn}s d}ICFC I 'byal =8 }a 44 lan}gs/ dnm C 'byal 44 }a8 lan}gs/ mhshyrhs }a ih dmmyhsshm. Bxy}ghy s}yd}offlcd,}oan ab zd}ohn}s uo}gon hdcg cfdss dccaymone }a forhy bxnc,}oan 'Cgofm,Zxeg D rhysxs I& ay dsco}hs/& zyaenas}oc



18/43

lafhcxfdy ioaldykhys ay zyaenas}oc rdyodifhs 'HCAE&cdnchy onrdsorhnhss/ sgaxfm ih hwzfayhm.

2.9. Lafhcxfdy cfdssofflcd}oan ab GCC

Lafhcxfdy cfdssofflcd}oan ab cdnchy sgaxfm dom onxnmhys}dnmone }gh ioafaeocdf sxicfdsshs dnm myorhys ab

}gh moshdsh dnm az}olosh ihnhffl}s byal lafhcxfdy }ghyd,zohs dnm hnyocg }yodf zazxfd}oans. Bhu lafhcxfdy cfdsso,fflcd}oans gdrh ihhn zyazashm on cdnchy. Anh sxcg os }ghcdsh ab iyhds} cdnchy& ughyh Ghy9!nx s}d}xs moscyolo,nd}hs sxieyaxzs ab zd}ohn}s uo}g mohyhn} ax}calh dnm}yhd}lhn} yhszansh }a }yds}xpxldi.454 Solofdyf& HEBYlx}d}oandf s}d}xs on nan,sldff chff fxne cdnchy omhn}offlhsd sxieyaxz ab yhszanmhys }a }yasonh kondsh ongoio,}ays.459 Layh yhchn}f& }gh bdc} }gd} d sxieyaxz abzd}ohn}s uo}g lhfdnald dnm IYDB lx}d}oans yhszanm}a szhcofflc I,YDB ongoio}ays gds mhfflnhm d nhu zdyd,moel dnm sxicfdss on }gh ldndehlhn} ab }gos cdnchy.453

On GCC& na lafhcxfdy sxicfdss gds ihhn yhzay}hm dsyhszanmone }a szhcofflc }dyeh}hm }ghydz. Nanh}ghfhss&cfhdy dmrdnchlhn}s on }gh xnmhys}dnmone ab }gh zd}ga,ehnhsos dnm lafhcxfdy sxicfdsshs ab }gh moshdsh accxyyhmmxyone }gh fds} mhcdmh. Byal }gh ioafaeocdf s}dnmzaon}&mohyhn} }xlaxydf cfdsshs gdrh ihhn cgdydc}hyoshmoncfxmone d Un} sxicfdss& d zyafobhyd}oan cfdss 'uo}g}ua sxicfdsshs0 S4,]EB,ih}d dnm S9, HzCDL zaso}orh/dnm dn ondlld}oan cfdss.55&435&45=&458 Sdlzfhs ai}donhmbyal mohyhn} zdy}s ab d eorhn nhazfds}oc namxfh sgauhmomhn}ocdf cfdss s}yd}offlcd}oan on ?8( ab cdshs.432 Htxdffyhfhrdn}& ehnh zyafflfone ab dm`dchn} nan,}xlaxydf }ossxhmhfflnhs }ua sxieyaxzs ab zd}ohn}s uo}g eaam dnm zaay

ax}calhs.435 ]gxs& d zay}ydo} ab }gh fflhfm hhc} os cxy,yhn}f drdofdifh& df}gaxeg bxy}ghy s}xmohs dyh yhtxoyhm}a canfflyl }gh zyaenas}oc soenofflcdnch ab }ghsh sxicfdss,

hs& dnm ugh}ghy szhcofflc myorhys uo}gon }ghl cdn zyaromh}gh yd}oandfh bay d layh s}yd}offlhm lhmoconh.

5. ]yhd}lhn}

On ancafae& }gh ihnhffl}s ab }yhd}lhn}s sgaxfm ihdsshsshm }gyaxeg ydnmaloshm can}yaffhm }yodfs dnmlh}d,dndfsos. A}ghy saxychs ab hromhnch& sxcg ds nan,ydnmaloshm cfonocdf }yodfs ay aishyrd}oandf s}xmohs dyhcansomhyhm fhss yaixs}. Bhu lhmocdf on}hyrhn}oans gdrhihhn }gayaxegf }hs}hm on GCC& on can}yds} uo}g a}ghycdnchys uo}g d goeg zyhrdfhnch uayfmuomh& sxcg ds fxne&iyhds}& cafayhc}df dnm s}aldcg cdnchy. Ds d yhsxf}& }ghs}yhne}g ab hromhnch bay las} on}hyrhn}oans on GCC osbdy ihgonm }gh las} zyhrdfhn} cdnchys uayfmuomh. ]ghfhrhf ab hromhnch bay hfficdc dccaymone }a }yodf mhsoendnm hnm,zaon}s bay dff drdofdifh }yhd}lhn}s on GCCdnm }gh s}yhne}g ab yhcallhnmd}oans dccaymone }aEYDMH dyh sxlldyoshm on Boe. =.

On zyoncozfh& yhcallhnmd}oans on }hyls ab shfhc}oanbay mohyhn} }yhd}lhn} s}yd}heohs dyh idshm an hro,mhnch,idshm md}d on coycxls}dnchs ughyh dff za}hn}odfhfficdcoaxs on}hyrhn}oans dyh drdofdifh. Lxf}omoscozfondyGCC }hdls oncfxmone ghzd}afaeos}s& sxyehans& ancafa,

eos}s& ydmoafaeos}s& on}hyrhn}oandf ydmoafaeos}s& zd}gafa,eos}s dnm }ydnsfd}oandf yhshdycghys dyh hncaxydehm }adzzf }ghsh exomhfonhs. S}yd}heoc yhcallhnmd}oans

Dm`xrdn} }ghydzdb}hy yhshc}oan

Saydbhnoi

Cghlahliafopd}oan

YB '68 cl/&YB!ZHO '69 cl/

AF],LofdnFMF] Yhshc}oan

Maun,s}deone

Hw}hyndf!zdffod}orhydmoa}ghydz

On}hyndfydmod}oan

AF],hw}hnmhm

Nha,dm`xrdn} }ghydzon udo}one fos}

C I D C I D

4

4 's}yane/

9

9 'uhdk/

3

Eydmh ab yhcallhnmd}oan

Fhrhfs

abhromhnch

Boe. =. Yhzyhshn}d}oan ab HDSFHAY]C yhcallhnmd}oans bay }yhd}lhn} dccaymone }a fhrhfs ab hromhnch 'NCO cfdssofflcd}oan9/ dnm s}yhne}g abyhcallhnmd}oan 'EYDMH ss}hl/. YB& ydmoabyhtxhnc difd}oan; ZHO& zhycx}dnhaxs h}gdnaf on`hc}oan; AF]& ay}ga}azoc forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan;FMF]& forone manay forhy }ydnszfdn}d}oan.

]yhd}lhn} dffacd}oan os idshm an }gh ICFC dffacd,}oan ss}hl& dnm }gh fhrhfs ab hromhnch ab }yhd},lhn}s dccaymone }a s}yhne}g dnm ldeno}xmh abihnhffl} dyh sxlldyoshm on Boe. =

242 Hxyazhdn Dssacod}oan bay }gh S}xm ab }gh Forhy ! Hxyazhdn @axyndf ab Cdnchy =7 '9:49/ 8??2=4


19/43

sgaxfm ih dmdz}hm }a facdf yhexfd}oans dnm!ay }hdlcdzdco}ohs dnm cas}ihnhffl} s}yd}heohs.

7. Yhshc}oan

Sxyehy os }gh ldons}d ab GCC }yhd}lhn}. Yhshc}oandnm }ydnszfdn}d}oan dcgohrh }gh ihs} ax}calhs on uhff,shfhc}hm cdnmomd}hs '8,hdy sxyrordf ab 2:7:(/& dnmcalzh}h ds }gh fflys} az}oan on zd}ohn}s uo}g hdyf}xlaxys an dn on}hn}oan,}a,}yhd} zhyszhc}orh.452&455

Ghzd}oc yhshc}oan os }gh }yhd}lhn} ab cgaoch bay GCCon nan,coyyga}oc zd}ohn}s '8( ab cdshs on