Soci

olog

ical

Bas

elin

e of

Haw

aii’s

Lon

glin

e In

dust

ry

Stew

art

Alle

n a

nd

Am

y G

ough

Mos

t Ca

ucas

ian

boat

ow

ners

doc

k at

Pie

r 35

and

36,

whi

le t

wo

pref

er

Kew

alo

and

seve

ral

othe

rs p

refe

r Pi

er 1

7.

Rese

arch

to

date

inc

lude

s in

terv

iew

s w

ith

only

six

of

the

ap

pro

xim

ate

ly 3

0 C

au

casi

an

long

line

vess

els.

Th

ese

six

repo

rt

stro

ng

d

ivis

ion

s w

ith

in

the

Cau

casi

an f

leet

, of

ten

base

d on

pl

ace

of o

rigin

(m

ainl

and

East

coa

st

/Wes

t co

ast)

, am

ount

of

time

in

Ha

wa

ii's

lo

ng

lin

e

fle

et,

a

nd

pers

onal

diff

eren

ces.

The

Haw

aii

Long

line

Ass

ocia

tion

(H

LA)

is t

he d

omin

ant

sour

ce o

f in

form

atio

n t

o t

hese

ow

ners

. Su

pplie

s ar

e purc

hase

d al

mos

t en

tire

ly a

t a

Cau

casi

an s

uppl

ier

loca

ted

clos

e to

the

doc

ks.

HLA

do

es p

rovi

de i

nfor

mat

ion

to a

ll et

hnic

gro

ups,

alth

ough

typ

ical

ly

via

V

ietn

am

ese

a

nd

K

ore

an

repr

esen

tati

ves

pres

ent

at t

hose

mee

tings

.

IMP

LIC

AT

ION

SIM

PL

ICA

TIO

NS

The

re a

re a

ppro

xim

atel

y 35

-40

Ko

re

an

o

wn

ed

v

es

se

ls,

repr

esen

ting

abou

t 30

boa

t ow

ning

fa

mili

es.

Alm

ost

all Ko

rean

ves

sels

do

ck a

t Ke

wal

o Ba

sin.

Am

ong

the

Kore

an l

ongl

iner

s, t

here

are

str

ong

fact

ions

with

in t

he g

roup

. W

hen

at

sea

, K

ore

an

v

ess

el

ow

ne

rs

com

mu

nic

ate

bu

t to

a l

imit

ed

ext

en

t.

Man

y K

ore

an

ve

ssel

ow

ners

tal

k of

the

lack

of

solid

arity

am

ong

long

line

vess

el o

wne

rs.

Ther

e ar

e tw

o Ko

rean

sup

ply

stor

eow

ners

.

A

form

al

Ko

rea

n

Lo

ng

lin

e Ass

ocia

tion

(KLA

) ex

ists

, ca

tering

to

app

roxi

mat

ely

50 p

erce

nt o

f th

e K

ore

an

fi

she

rme

n.

Th

e

KLA

prov

ides

writt

en p

ublic

atio

ns a

nd

tran

slat

ions

of

impo

rtan

t ev

ents

su

rrou

ndin

g th

e lo

nglin

e in

dust

ry.

Mem

ber

s w

ith

in s

ub

gro

up

s do

soci

aliz

e, h

owev

er t

here

is

virt

ually

no o

verla

p be

twee

n su

bgro

ups.

DY

NA

MIC

S A

MO

NG

HA

WA

II’S

LO

NG

LIN

E V

ES

SE

L O

WN

ER

SD

YN

AM

ICS

AM

ON

G H

AW

AII

’S L

ON

GL

INE

VE

SS

EL

OW

NE

RS

With

in t

he t

hree

eth

nic

divi

sion

s of

ca

ptai

n/ow

ners

the

re a

re d

istin

ct

diff

eren

ces

in i

nter

actio

n.

Ther

e ar

e 32

Vie

tnam

ese

boat

s, o

wne

d by

app

roxi

mat

ely

26 i

ndiv

idua

ls.

All

vess

els

dock

at

Pier

17,

spa

ce

perm

ittin

g. T

he V

ietn

ames

e ow

ners

an

d ca

ptai

ns r

ely

on a

gre

at d

eal o

f so

lidar

ity

wit

hin

thei

r ne

twor

k.

Ther

e ar

e tw

o Vi

etna

mes

e su

pply

st

ore

owne

rs,

and

the

Viet

nam

ese

purc

hase

fro

m t

hese

ind

ivid

uals

ba

sed

on a

vaila

bilit

y of

pro

duct

s.

Vie

tnam

ese

com

mun

icat

e ab

out

fishi

ng w

hen

at s

ea,

and

busi

ness

an

d pl

easu

re w

hile

in

port

. A

n in

form

al V

ietn

ames

e Lo

ng

lin

e As

soci

atio

n do

es e

xist

, al

thou

gh i

t w

as m

ore

activ

e in

the

pas

t. M

ost

info

rmat

ion

is p

asse

d on

ver

bally

, th

roug

h co

mm

unity

lea

ders

. Th

ere

are

fe

w

div

isio

ns

a

mo

ng

Vie

tnam

ese

vess

el o

wne

rs,

and

over

all

they

exh

ibit

a co

nsid

erab

lede

gree

of un

ity.

ME

TH

OD

SM

ET

HO

DS

We

u

tili

ze

sem

i-st

ruct

ure

d in

terv

iew

s w

ith l

ongl

ine

indu

stry

p

art

icip

an

ts;

the

re

is

no

ques

tionn

aire

, ju

st a

set

of

topi

cs

to c

over

at

som

e po

int

durin

g th

e in

terv

iew

.

Inte

rvie

ws

are

co

nduc

ted

in s

mal

l gr

oups

or

indi

vidu

ally

at

dive

rse

times

and

lo

cati

ons,

inc

ludin

g on

boa

rd

vess

els,

in

resp

onde

nts’

hom

es,

at s

uppl

y bu

sine

sses

, or

with

in

the

pier

or

surr

ound

ing

area

.

Res

pond

ents

in

clud

e H

awai

i lo

nglin

e ve

ssel

ow

ners

, ca

ptai

ns,

crew

, an

d su

ppor

t bu

sine

sses

.

We

use

quot

a sa

mpl

ing

base

d on

th

e re

spon

dent

’s

role

w

ithin

H

awai

i's

long

line

indu

stry

, pi

er

loca

tion,

an

d et

hnic

ity.

The

sam

ple

size

is

adap

tive

base

d on

in

form

atio

n ga

ined

an

d tim

e av

aila

ble.

AC

TIV

ITIE

S T

O D

AT

EA

CT

IVIT

IES

TO

DA

TE

•Hire

d fo

ur in

terp

rete

rs/

com

mun

ity

liais

ons

to a

ssis

tw

ith t

he in

terv

iew

s.

•Ap

prov

al f

rom

the

Uni

vers

ity’s

Co

mm

ittee

on

Hum

an S

tudi

es

obta

ined

for

the

res

earc

h.

•Q

ualit

ativ

e (t

ext)

and

qua

ntita

tive

data

bas

es u

tiliz

ing

SPSS

hav

e be

en

deve

lope

d.

•Pa

per

acce

pted

for

pre

sent

atio

n at

4th

Wor

ldFi

sher

ies

Cong

ress

.

•In

terv

iew

s w

ith o

ver

180

long

line

indu

stry

par

ticip

ants

.

How

ever

, th

ese

tend

enci

es a

re n

ot

nece

ssar

ily d

eter

min

ed (

alth

ough

la

bele

d) b

y et

hnic

ity.

For

exam

ple,

if

a Ko

rean

boa

t ow

ner

spen

ds t

ime

soci

ali

zin

g

wit

h

cre

w,

all

ow

s so

cial

izat

ion

with

loc

al F

ilipi

nos,

and

is

frie

ndly

in

the

wor

k en

viro

nmen

t,

this

boa

t is

not

“Ko

rean

sty

le”

but

“Loc

al s

tyle

.”

Due

to

the

tran

sit

visa

res

tric

tions

ke

epin

g cr

ew m

embe

rs w

ithin

the

ir pi

er a

rea,

a l

ocal

com

mun

ity

of

Filip

inos

has

em

erge

d w

ithin

the

pie

r ar

ea t

o se

ll, t

rade

, an

d so

cial

ize.

C

rew

mem

bers

hav

e co

nsid

erab

ly

diff

eren

t re

latio

nshi

ps w

ith a

loc

al

com

mu

nit

y o

f F

ilip

ino

s, o

fte

n de

term

ined

by

the

rule

s an

d st

yle

of

man

agem

ent

impo

sed

by o

wne

rs.

Man

y lo

cal

Filip

inos

are

rel

ated

to

long

line

crew

and

the

refo

re f

requ

ent

part

icul

ar p

orts

, of

ten

acco

mpa

nied

by

loc

al f

rien

ds,

furt

her

exte

ndin

g th

e ne

twor

k av

aila

ble

to l

ongl

ine

crew

. Th

e co

nfig

urat

ion

and

loca

tion

of e

ach

pier

als

o af

fect

s th

e na

ture

of

day

-to-

day

life

and

com

mun

ity

am

on

g

the

c

rew

m

em

be

rs.

Th

e m

ajori

ty o

f lo

ng

line

crew

m

embe

rs,

abou

t 75

%,

are

Filip

ino.

Fi

lipin

o cr

ew c

omm

it to

a o

ne-y

ear

cont

ract

, w

orki

ng a

nd l

ivin

g on

the

ve

ssel

whi

le t

heir

fam

ilies

rem

ain

in

the

Phili

ppin

es.

With

the

hel

p of

on

e of

the

fou

r m

anni

ng a

genc

ies,

cr

ew m

embe

rs a

re r

ecru

ited

and

brou

ght

to H

awai

i ut

ilizi

ng t

rans

it vi

sas.

The

se v

isas

res

tric

t cr

ew

from

lea

ving

the

ir “

hom

e” p

ier,

m

akin

g th

em d

esira

ble

wor

kers

as

they

ten

d to

the

ves

sel

in p

ort.

The

maj

ority

of

crew

hav

e w

orke

d in

a n

umbe

r of

com

mer

cial

fis

herie

s o

uts

ide

th

e P

hil

ipp

ine

s, a

nd

stro

ngly

pre

fer

tuna

to

swor

dfis

h lo

nglin

ing.

Hal

f of

the

Fili

pino

cre

w

have

for

mal

tra

inin

g an

d ed

ucat

ion

in a

mar

ine

fiel

d, b

ut w

ith

the

inte

nt t

o w

ork

on a

car

go v

esse

l, w

hich

the

maj

ority

wou

ld s

tron

gly

pref

er t

o lo

nglin

e. T

he F

ilipi

no c

rew

a

re

sub

ject

to

im

mig

rati

on

regu

latio

ns a

nd e

nfor

cem

ent

that

sp

orad

ical

ly d

eny

entr

y in

to t

he

U.S

, of

ten

leav

ing

them

wor

ried

ab

ou

t th

eir

futu

re i

n H

aw

aii.

Filip

ino

crew

wor

king

in

Haw

aii's

lo

nglin

e fle

et a

re n

ot n

eces

sari

ly

face

d w

ith s

imila

r liv

ing,

wor

king

, an

d pe

rson

al s

ituat

ions

in

Haw

aii.

Vess

els

oper

ated

by

Viet

nam

ese,

K

orea

ns,

and

Cau

casi

ans

hav

e d

isti

nct

ly d

iffe

rent

met

hod

s of

op

erat

ion,

and

cre

w m

embe

rs h

ave

pre

fere

nce

s re

ga

rdin

g w

hic

h ve

ssel

s th

ey f

ind

mos

t ap

peal

ing.

HA

WA

II’S

LO

NG

LIN

E C

RE

WH

AW

AII

’S L

ON

GL

INE

CR

EW

With

in t

he p

ier

area

, sp

ecifi

c ru

les

for

the

crew

’s b

ehav

ior

durin

g an

d af

ter

wor

k ar

e de

term

ined

by

the

vess

el o

wne

r. W

hat

the

crew

cal

l “V

ietn

ames

e St

yle”

, “K

orea

n St

yle”

, or

“Lo

cal

Styl

e” i

mpl

y di

ffer

ent

met

hods

of

oper

atio

n, w

ith l

ocal

st

yle

oft

en

mo

st p

refe

rab

le.

Com

posi

tion

of S

ampl

e To

Dat

e

9%3%

19%

63%

6%

Kore

an O

wne

rs/C

apta

ins

Cauc

asia

n O

wne

rs/C

apta

ins

Viet

nam

ese

Ow

ners

/Cap

tain

sFi

lipin

o Cr

ewLo

cal/O

ther

cre

w

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S C

HA

RA

CT

ER

IST

ICS

OF

H

AW

AI

I’

S

OF

H

AW

AI

I’

S

LO

NG

LIN

E

FL

EE

T

LO

NG

LIN

E

FL

EE

T

Man

y in

terv

iew

s re

mai

n t

o be

cond

ucte

d an

d fu

ll an

alys

is h

as n

ot

ev

en

b

eg

un

, so

re

sult

s a

re

prel

imin

ary.

As

of M

arch

, 20

04 w

e ha

ve i

nter

view

ed 1

83 i

ndiv

idua

ls

invo

lved

wit

h H

awai

i's l

ongl

ine

indu

stry

, re

flect

ing

abou

t 60

% o

f H

awai

i-bas

ed l

on

glin

e ve

ssel

s.

Thes

e 18

3 pa

rtic

ipan

ts i

nclu

de 5

8 ve

sse

l o

wn

ers

an

d c

ap

tain

s,

repr

esen

ting

appr

oxim

atel

y 60

% o

f H

aw

aii'

s lo

ng

lin

e ow

ner

s an

d ca

ptai

ns,

alo

ng w

ith

125

crew

, re

pres

enti

ng s

light

ly m

ore

than

3

0%

o

f H

aw

aii

b

ase

d cr

ew

.

The

grou

p of

ves

sel

owne

rs a

nd

oper

ator

s is

com

pose

d pr

imar

ily o

f V

ietn

am

es

e,

Ko

rea

n,

an

d C

auca

sian

U.S

. ci

tize

ns (

roug

hly

one-

third

of

each

).

With

in t

he P

ort

of H

onol

ulu

th

ere

are

dis

tinct

et

hnic

con

cent

ratio

ns.

At

Pier

17,

th

e m

ajor

ity o

f ve

ssel

s ar

e ow

ned

by V

ietn

ames

e-bo

rn U

.S.

citiz

ens;

an

d ar

e m

anne

d pr

edom

inat

ely

by

Filip

ino

labo

rers

. At

Kew

alo

Basi

n th

e m

ajor

ity o

f ve

ssel

s ar

e ow

ned

by

Ko

rean

-bo

rn U

.S.

citi

zen

s.

Appr

oxim

atel

y ha

lf of

the

ves

sels

ar

e m

anne

d by

Fili

pino

cre

w,

whi

le

half

are

man

ned

pre

dom

inat

ely

by

Mic

rone

sian

cre

w.

Fin

ally

, at

Pie

r 35

-37,

the

maj

ority

of

vess

els

are

Cauc

asia

n ow

ned.

Cr

ew o

n th

ese

ve

ss

els

in

clu

de

F

ilip

ino

, M

icro

nes

ian

, an

d l

oca

l la

bo

r.

NO

AA F

ishe

ries

need

s to

be

awar

e of

the

eff

ect

of i

ts p

olic

ies

on c

rew

a

va

ila

bil

ity.

A

mo

ng

K

ore

an

, Vi

etna

mes

e, a

nd C

auca

sian

boa

ts,

findi

ng r

elia

ble

crew

is

a do

min

ant

conc

ern.

Kor

ean

vess

els

furt

her

repo

rt c

onsi

dera

ble

prob

lem

s in

fin

ding

cap

tain

s, a

s m

any

capt

ains

ar

e gr

owin

g ol

der.

Fin

ding

loc

al

crew

is

repo

rted

ly n

ot e

asy,

and

m

ost

vess

els

opt

to s

uppl

emen

t Fi

lipin

o cr

ew w

ith M

icro

nes

ian

labo

rers

. Lo

cal o

r M

icro

nesi

an c

rew

ar

e p

aid

a p

erce

nta

ge

of

the

earn

ings

rat

her

than

a s

et s

alar

y,

and

vess

el o

wne

rs o

ften

exp

lain

th

ey a

re u

nab

le t

o c

over

tri

p ex

pens

es w

hen

utili

zing

loc

al c

rew

. V

esse

l ow

ners

con

tinu

e to

see

k ne

w o

ppor

tuni

ties

for

expa

ndin

g th

e p

oo

l o

f a

vail

ab

le la

bo

r.

INT

RO

DU

CT

ION

INT

RO

DU

CT

ION

The

Mag

nuso

n St

even

s Ac

t an

d th

e N

atio

nal

En

viro

nmen

tal

Polic

y Ac

t re

quire

eva

luat

ions

of

the

im

pa

cts

o

n

fish

ing

part

icip

ants

and

co

mm

uniti

es

wh

en

fi

she

ry r

eg

ula

tio

ns,

fe

de

ral

pro

jec

ts

an

d en

viro

nmen

tal

regu

latio

ns a

re

pro

po

se

d.

In

Ha

wa

ii,

man

agem

ent

of t

he e

thni

cally

di

vers

e an

d tr

ansi

tory

lon

glin

e in

dust

ry h

as o

ccur

red

with

litt

le

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

soc

io-c

ultu

ral

impa

cts.

The

EIS

on

pela

gic

fish

ery

m

an

ag

em

en

t,

for

exam

ple,

cite

d a

stud

y of

lai

d-o

ff s

ug

ar c

ane

wo

rker

s to

de

scrib

e th

e ty

pes

of i

mpa

cts

that

cou

ld b

e ex

peri

ence

d by

in

dust

ry p

artic

ipan

ts.

This

lac

k o

f b

ase

lin

e

info

rma

tio

n p

rom

pte

d P

FRP

to f

und

an

ongo

ing

proj

ect

to c

ompi

le a

so

cio-

cult

ura

l pr

ofile

of

the

indu

stry

to

aid

deci

sion

mak

ers

in

the

ir p

oli

cy d

eci

sio

ns.

The

long

line

indu

stry

in

Haw

aii

is d

ynam

ic,

wit

h ve

ssel

s an

d pe

rson

nel

ente

ring

and

leav

ing

the

fishe

ry f

rom

oth

er r

egio

ns.

We

are

cond

uctin

g in

terv

iew

s w

ith l

ongl

ine

capt

ains

, ow

ners

, cr

ew,

fam

ily m

embe

rs,

and

loca

l fis

hing

sup

ply

busi

ness

es.

In

terv

iew

ee

s

pro

vid

e in

form

ati

on

a

bo

ut

the

ir

back

grou

nd,

how

the

y ca

me

to

be i

nvol

ved

in t

he f

ishe

ry,

the

natu

re o

f th

eir

job,

wha

t th

ey

like

mos

t an

d le

ast

abou

t th

eir

wo

rk,

pe

rce

pti

on

s o

f th

e in

dust

ry,

and

thei

r co

mm

unity

. Th

e in

terv

iew

ees’

know

ledg

e re

gard

ing

fish

ing

regu

lati

ons

and

man

agem

ent

and

thei

r a

de

qu

ac

y

is

ex

plo

red

. In

form

atio

n is

als

o c

olle

cted

on

inte

rvie

wee

s’so

cial

net

wor

ks,

part

icul

arly

reg

ardi

ng s

ocia

l and

com

mun

ity t

ies.

OB

JEC

TIV

ES

OB

JEC

TIV

ES

•Co

mpi

le a

com

preh

ensi

ve s

ocia

l an

d cu

ltura

l pro

file

of t

he H

awai

i lo

nglin

ein

dust

ry.

•Pr

ovid

e so

cial

and

cul

tura

l in

form

atio

n to

dec

isio

n-m

aker

s on

re

gula

tory

impa

cts

and

impl

emen

tatio

n st

rate

gies

for

the

H

awai

i lon

glin

efis

hery

.