Site Investigation

Tests

Objective

Student should be able to :-

introduces techniques take a disturbed and undisturbed soil determine the nature of the soil by the phase relationship

IntroductionSite investigation is part of the land inspection is very important in the field of geotechnical engineering. Site investigation worksinclude reconnaissance, observation, sampling, testing in-situ, and the determination of the soil profile. This work is essential for the basic design and construction work because the soil has features which are not homogeneous, elastic, or isotropic, and soil types also vary significantly in levels of up to 30m from 50m depth of the soil surface.In BS 5930 has listed the purpose of site investigation. Among them are:

-to determine whether the site is suitable for the proposed work-to enable the safe and economical design of the building-to overcome problems during construction due to land and other local conditions-to investigate the reasons for these changes either in natural conditions or other factors

Theory

According to the definition of the term civil engineering, land is mineral particles with weak bonds and non-binding. It is formed from the weathering of the rock results, and between theseparticles are made up of water voids and air.

Site investigation describes the process of carrying out investigations on land to determine whether there is contamination present and to collect sufficient, suitable data for the purpose of risk assessment. The investigation is normally carried out in several stages. These stages range from a desk study and simple visual inspection to full intrusive investigation using trial pits and boreholes etc and the sampling and analysis of materials that of the bulk density and moisture content can be calculated using the formula: -

bulk density=massof soilsoil volume

moisture content= soilmassmassof dry soil

volumeof the cylinder=π r2t

Apparatus

hand auger

canned

jets

Pan Balance – sensitive to 0.1 gram

sylinder mold

Procedure

1)Soil is dug to a depth of 0.5m

2) Sample tube connected to a device template. Template tools come down to the bottom hole and then the stress in the soil. Save disturbed soil samples to be brought to the laboratory.

3) Examples of non-virgin out of the tube sample divided into molds and cut both ends not disturbed near the mold

4) Diameter and length of sample is measured. Accurately weighed sample mass and find the density of loose

A moisture content cans clean and dry at the right scale properly powered. land away from the sample is taken and placed in cans. Soil weighed wet and dry in oven for 24 hours and weighed again.

Data and resultTable A

Item Evidence

long 7diameter 3.7

mass 0.164volume 10.752density 0.015

Table B

Item Evidence

Cans mass 0.049Mass of wet soil + cans

mass0.097

Mass of dry soil + cans mass

0.089

Mass of wet soil 0.047Mass of dry soil 0.039

moisture content 1.205 %

Discussion

1) Give the type of land suitable for investigation using the above method. If this method be carried out on sandy soil explain the steps to be taken

-This method is used in the land parched, medium and wet and happy at penetrating.This tool cannot be used on sandy soil. Land of low viscosity will cause the land is not attached to the device when the pull-out.

2) Provide appropriate limit research into soil auger. Explain why this method is not suitable for the deeper point

-Extension rods measuring only 1m long.This method is not suitable for more in point because this method uses limited manpower and the height does not exceed the human breast.

3) Give the type of construction sites where the level of research hand auger methods and provide an explanation

-hand auger method suitable for the construction of low-cost housing etc.Energy to bring is small and space facilities to anyone, especially low-class contractors to use and does not require high costs to get it from other equipment

ConclusionIn selecting the site investigation methods are four factors that must be taken into account:a. Geological conditions at the site.

Clay-borehole Sandy soil-borehole, sampling equipment Land neat-compact-trial pits / holes test Soft rock on the GWT-trial pits Hard rock-excavations / form

b. Topographical conditions at the site Terrain conditions & facilities in and out of the site is

important in the process of bringing equipment to the construction site, a site investigation.

The hills: 'Heading' more appropriate. Swampy areas: Provide an appropriate road or area of a

'hardstanding'.c. The type of information required

Conditions of soil and rock under the soil surface. Average geometry of the connection of land (geology) Groundwater conditions (flow dsbg)

Location of the land surface of a failure.d. Cost & time.

Reference1) M.S. Mamlouk and J.P. Zaniewski, geotechnics engineering, 1999, Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park CA,Retrieve from :-• www.tanah.wikipedia.com.my • www.scibe.gerimit tangancom.my • www.penyediaantapak.com.my • www.jkrterengganu.com.my

Content

no Title page1 objective 32 Introduction 43 theory 54 apparatus 65 procedure 7-86 Data and result 97 discussion 108 conclusion 119 reference 12