Download - GWEC Link Budget Presentation - Final

Link Budgets for Cellular NetworksPresented by Eric Johnson

IntroductionOverviewLink Budget ImportancePath BalanceFinding ERPParametersScenarios

Importance of a Link BudgetWhat is a Link Budget?Determines tower transmit ERP for sufficient signal strength at the cell boundary for a quality mobile callDefines the cell coverage radius when used with a path loss modelWhy need a Link Budget?Determine transmit ERP and cell radiusEnsure path balanceBalance the uplink and downlink powerDont transmit more base station power than the maximum cell phone power capability

Importance of a Link BudgetPath Balance IssueMobile is power limitedStronger base station power will deceive mobile into thinking there is sufficient signal strengthMobile can receive info but cannot send

Importance of a Link BudgetConsequencesMobile call initiations will fail and poor handoff decisions will be madeAt the cell boundarySolutionSetting the base station power to match the mobile power allows for optimum performancePath balance

Path BalanceBalanced PathDistancefrom mobilefromtowerPowerSamePath Loss

Path BalanceNot path balancedPrevious Distance

Path BalancePath balance limited by mobile powerIS-136Older phones max. power: 3 W (35 dBm)Current phones max. power: 0.6 W (28 dBm)Ranges from 26 to 28 dBmBenefit: less power consumption less rechargingDrawback: smaller cell coverage more cellsGSMMobile power max.: 1.0 W (30 dBm)

Finding ERPLink budget determines transmit ERPNetwork is limited by mobile powerTypical transmit is 100 W ERP Transmit ERP determines cell radiusRadius also depends on tower height and path loss environmentSmall improvement (1 dB) in link budget can provide large coverage gains

Finding ERPDistancefrom mobilefromtowerPower

ParametersSummary of ParametersThermal Noise PowerAntenna GainSignal to Noise (S/N)Minimum Input PowerSimplified Example

Sheet1

IS-136GSM

Thermal Noise-129.0 dBmAThermal Noise-121.0 dBmA

Antenna Gain12.0 dBiBAntenna Gain12.0 dBiB

Cable Loss1.2 dBCCable Loss1.2 dBC

S/N15.0 dBDS/N12.0 dBD

Minimum Input Power-124.8 dBmE = A - B + C + DMinimum Input Power-119.8 dBmE = A - B + C + D

Sheet2

Sheet3

ParametersNoise-Limited SystemAmbient temperature creates noise floorInterference from high frequency re-use may cause system to be interference limitedSite measurements determine if noise or interference limitedThe following analysis assumes a noise limited system

ParametersThermal Noise PowerPN = kTBk = boltzmans constantT = ambient temperature in KelvinB = signal bandwidthIS-136 PN = -129 dBm GSM PN = -121 dBm

ParametersThermal Noise Power (cont.)The noise floor for GSM is 8 dB higher than IS-136 because it uses a wider bandwidth signalResult: IS-136 is 8 dB more sensitive to lower power signals

ParametersAntenna GainTower gain ranges from 6 dBd to 16 dBdMobile gain typically 0 dBd (-2 dBd to 0 dBd)gain more uplink larger coverage areagain narrower beamwidthGain choice depends on desired coverage areaMore GainNarrower BeamLess GainBroader BeamIsotropicGain

ParametersCable Loss1-5/8 diameter0.8 dB/100-ft7/8 diameter1.2 dB/100-ftTower heights range from 30 ft to 600 ft

ParametersSignal to Noise (S/N)IS-136 15 dB (15 - 17 dB)GSM 11 dB (7 - 12 dB)GSM has a S/N advantage over IS-136GSM has more tolerance for errors than IS-136Wider bandwidth and different modulation schemeDifference between GSM and IS-136GSM noise floor is worse (higher) than IS-136GSM S/N is better (lower) than IS-136GSM has more uplink power availableResult: GSM and IS-136 have comparable link budgets, so only analyze IS-136 link budget

Scenario 1: BaselineSite ConfigurationHeight: 200 ftAntenna Gain: 12 dBdCable: 1-5/8 0.8 dB/100-ftDetermine ERPPath balance to find ERP

Scenario 1: BaselineMin. input power

Path Loss

Receive Path Parameters

IS-136IS-136 w TMAGSMGSM w TMA

BaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobile

UplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlinkUplinkDownlink

Channel BW (kHz)30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz30.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz200.0 kHz

Ambient Temperature (deg F)70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F70 deg F

Ambient Temperature (deg C)21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C21 deg C

Thermal Noise (Kelvin)294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K294.1 K

Noise Floor (dBm)-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBmA-129.1 dBm-129.1 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm-120.9 dBm

RBS Gain (dB)24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB24.0 dB

RBS Noise Figure (dB)4.0 dB9.0 dBB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB4.0 dB9.0 dB

Noise Floor (dBm)-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBmC = A + B-125.1 dBm-120.1 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm-116.9 dBm-111.9 dBm

Cable Length (ft)220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft220.0 ft

Cable Loss per 100 ft (dB/100-ft)0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB0.8 dB

Receiver Cable Loss (dB)1.7 dBD1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB

Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBm-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm

TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB

TMA Noise Figure1.0 dB1.0 dB

System Noise Figure with TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB

Effective Gain of using TMA0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB

Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-123.5 dBm-120.1 dBmE = C + D-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm

C/N (3% BER) (dB)15.0 dB15.0 dBF15.0 dB15.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB11.0 dB

Min. Radio Input (dBm)-108.5 dBm-105.1 dBmG = E + F-109.1 dBm-105.1 dBm-104.2 dBm-100.9 dBm-104.9 dBm-100.9 dBm

Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBH3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB

Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBI5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB

Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBJ

Receiver Antenna Gain (dBd)12.0 dBd0.0 dBdK12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd

Receiver Diversity Gain (dB)5.0 dBL5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB

Effective Min. Input (dBm)-125.5 dBm-97.1 dBmM = G + H + I + J - K - L-126.1 dBm-97.1 dBm-121.2 dBm-92.9 dBm-121.9 dBm-92.9 dBm

Transmit Path Parameters

MobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBaseMobileBase


Transmit PA (W)0.6 W16.9 W0.6 W19.6 W1.0 W28.2 W1.0 W32.7 W

Transmit PA (dBm)27.8 dBm42.3 dBmA27.8 dBm42.9 dBm30.0 dBm44.5 dBm30.0 dBm45.1 dBm

Transmit Cable Loss Total (dB)1.7 dBB1.7 dB1.7 dB1.7 dB

Transmit Combiner Loss (dB)4.5 dBC4.5 dB4.5 dB4.5 dB

Transmit EIRP (dBm)36.1 dBm36.7 dB38.3 dB39.0 dB

Transmit Antenna Gain (dBd)0.0 dBd12.0 dBdD0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd0.0 dBd12.0 dBd

Transmit ERP (dBm)27.8 dBm48.1 dBmE = A - B - C + D27.8 dBm48.7 dBm30.0 dBm50.3 dBm30.0 dBm51.0 dBm

Transmit ERP (W)0.6 W64.4 W0.6 W74.7 W1.0 W107.5 W1.0 W124.7 W

Body Loss (dB)3.0 dBF3.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB

Vehicle Loss (dB)5.0 dBG5.0 dB5.0 dB5.0 dB

Other: in building coverage (dB)0.0 dBH0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB

Slow fade margin (dB)5.4 dB5.4 dBI5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB5.4 dB

Effective Transmit Power (dBm)14.4 dBm42.7 dBmJ = E - F - G - H - I

Max. Path Loss (dB)139.8 dB139.8 dBTeff - Reff140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB

Path imbalance (dB)-0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB

Adjusted ERP (dBm)48.1 dBm48.7 dBm50.3 dBm51.0 dBm

Adjusted Transmitter PA (dBm)42.3 dBm42.9 dBm44.5 dBm45.1 dBm

Adjusted Transmitter PA (W)16.9 W19.6 W28.2 W32.7 W

TMA Calculations

Attenuator Pad-2.7 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB

(Note: all the following is linear)

TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142

Cable Noise Factor1.47482333331.47482333331.47482333331.4748233333

Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815

Attenuator Noise Factor0.53859212618.53610994180.53859212618.5361099418

RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315

System Noise Factor (linear)1.9952623153.19109199231.9952623153.1910919923

System Noise Figure (dB)3.0 dB5.0 dB3.0 dB5.0 dB

Incr. in IP3 due to TMA (dB)0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB2.0 dB

Cell Radius - Define Height

Cell Radius - Uplink Limited

Note: Only the suburban path loss factor was used in these calculations

850 MHz

Okumura-Hata for cell radius


Frequency (MHz)850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz850 MHz

Tower Height (m)61 m61 m61 m61 m

Tower Height (ft)200 ft200 ft200 ft200 ft

Mobile Height (ft)5 ft5 ft5 ft5 ft

Mobile Height (m)2 m2 m2 m2 m

a (h mobile) (dB)0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB0.0542 dB

Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229

Cell Radius (km)5.06 km5.29 km4.40 km4.60 km

Cell Radius (mi)3.14 mi3.29 mi2.73 mi2.86 mi

Capacity

Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRural

Reuse4444

Available channels per group25252525

Actual channels per sector2.08333333332.08333333332.08333333332.0833333333

Erl per sq mi502550.5

Voice paths per sector15151515

Erlangs Available per sector at 2 % GOS9999

Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307

Erlangs required per sector517.3013408402282.97026941539.08857862624.2763877654

Capacity5748%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz

COST 231 for cell radius

Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3Scenario 4







Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1590%870%120%13%

Cell Radius - Capacity Limited


Dense UrbanUrbanSuburbanRuralTotal

Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931


Erl per sector at 2 % GOS9999

Area of sector coverage0.180.361.818

Area of site0.541.085.454

Radius of site (mi)0.41 mi0.59 mi1.31 mi4.15 mi

Radius of site (km)0.67 km0.94 km2.11 km6.67 km

Coverage area (sq mi)103070140Total Sites

Number of sites required192813362

C/I for sectorized N=415.9 dB

Cell Height - Capacity Limited

Cell Height


850 MHz

Solving Okumura-Hata for base station height

Frequency (MHz)850 MHz

Mobile Height5 ft2 m

a (mobile height) (dB)0.0542 dB


Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400

Denominator0000

Predicted Cell Height (m)0 m0 m0 m0 m

Predicted Cell Height (ft)0 ft0 ft0 ft0 ft

Actual Cell Height (ft)60 ft60 ft230 ft656 ft

(Use height based on capacity

or user defined height)

1900 MHz

Solving COST-231 for base station height





Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026






Propagation Loss 850 MHz


Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km


Path Loss Okumura-Hata (dB)165.3 dB

FactorsFactorFactors

UsedEquationsPlanet

Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)5.0 dB3.0 dB

Suburb correction (for urban US)5.0 dB9.8 dB

Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)5.0 dB12.8 dB

Rural correction5.0 dB28.3 dB

Dense Urban US160.3 dB

Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB

Path Loss LOS (dB)104.7 dB

n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231


Base Height100 ft30 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km


Path Loss COST 231 (dB)160.9 dB


UsedEquationsPlanet

Urban + 3 dB (dense urban US)7.0 dB3.0 dB3.0 dB

Suburb correction (for urban US)7.0 dB12.1 dB(not used)

Suburb + 3 dB (for suburban US)7.0 dB15.1 dB15.0 dB

Rural correction7.0 dB27.2 dB35.2 dB


Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB


COST 231 Equivalent Path Loss3.4

General Model for PlanetCOST 231

K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB

Kclutter0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB

Path Loss (dB)58.4 dB

Scenario 1: BaselineMax. path loss and max. transmit power

Path Loss





















Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-123.5 dBmE = C + D-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm

























Max. Path Loss (dB)139.8 dB139.8 dB140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB





TMA Calculations



TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142


Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815


RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315







850 MHz









Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307


Capacity5748%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz









Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1590%870%120%13%




Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931











Cell Height


850 MHz






Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400

Denominator0000






1900 MHz






Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026








Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB


n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231




Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB




K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB



Path Loss














































Max. Path Loss (dB)139.8 dB139.8 dB140.5 dB140.5 dB137.8 dB137.8 dB138.5 dB138.5 dB





TMA Calculations



TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142


Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815


RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315







850 MHz









Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307


Capacity5748%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz









Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1590%870%120%13%




Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931











Cell Height


850 MHz






Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400

Denominator0000






1900 MHz






Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026








Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB


n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231




Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB




K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB



Path Loss



















































TMA Calculations



TMA Gain115.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor11.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142


Attenuator Gain1.85669257220.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815


RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315







850 MHz









Numerator23.378928910424.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site31.038080450433.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector10.346026816811.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307


Capacity5748%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz









Numerator14.112780934814.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site8.58671197959.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector2.86223732653.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1590%870%120%13%




Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931











Cell Height


850 MHz






Numerator-6.6000929596-0.489976315400

Denominator0000






1900 MHz






Numerator2.6660550168.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026








Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB


n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231




Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB




K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB



Scenario 2: Less Antenna GainLess antenna gainWider beamwidth for broader coverageReduces uplinkReduces cell radiusSite ConfigurationHeight: 200 ftAntenna Gain: 8 dBdCable: 1-5/8 0.8 dB/100-ftResultsERP: 25.7 WRadius: 76% than with 12 dBd

Scenario 3: TMAsTower-Mounted Amplifiers (TMAs)Also called Tower-Top Amplifiers (TTAs) or Mast Head Amplifiers (MHAs)Essentially a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) mounted most often at the top of the towerUse TMA if high cable lossTMA gain eliminates the losses due to the cableTotal system gain reduced through equation belowTMA noise figure must be lower than the cable lossAbout 200 ft or taller implies 1.5 dB, so TMA useful

Scenario 3: TMAsDisadvantagesIntermodulation products may be amplified causing more interferenceExcessive gain amplifies intermodulation effects more than it amplifies the desired signalWant gain = losses, so include attenuators if necessaryBand filters typicalAdvantage: helps reduce intermodulation interferenceDisadvantage: slightly different frequency bands replace TMAMore logistics to replace or troubleshoot Moderately high cost

Scenario 3: TMAsMin. input power

Path Loss
















Effective Noise Floor no TMA-123.5 dBmAA = C + D-123.5 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.2 dBm

TMA Gain12.0 dB12.0 dB12.0 dB

TMA Noise Figure1.2 dBBB1.0 dB1.0 dB

System Noise Figure with TMA5.1 dBCC0.0 dB5.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB5.0 dB

Effective Gain of using TMA0.6 dB0.0 dBDD = C + D - BB0.0 dB0.6 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB0.6 dB

Effective Noise Floor (dBm)-124.0 dBm-120.1 dBmE = C + CC (mobile = C)-124.1 dBm-115.2 dBm-115.9 dBm


























Path imbalance (dB)0.0 dB-0.0 dB0.0 dB-0.0 dB




TMA Calculations

Attenuator Pad9.3 dB9.3 dB-2.7 dB9.3 dB


TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142


Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815


RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315







850 MHz









Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307


Capacity6219%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz









Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1720%870%120%13%




Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931











Cell Height


850 MHz






Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400

Denominator0000






1900 MHz






Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026








Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB


n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231




Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB




K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB



Scenario 3: TMAsMax. path loss and max. transmit power

Path Loss



















































TMA Calculations



TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142


Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815


RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315







850 MHz









Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307


Capacity6219%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz









Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1720%870%120%13%




Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931











Cell Height


850 MHz






Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400

Denominator0000






1900 MHz






Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026








Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB


n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231




Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB




K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB



Path Loss



















































TMA Calculations



TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142


Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815


RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315







850 MHz









Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307


Capacity6219%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz









Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1720%870%120%13%




Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931











Cell Height


850 MHz






Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400

Denominator0000






1900 MHz






Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026








Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB


n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231




Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB




K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB



Path Loss



















































TMA Calculations



TMA Gain15.848931924615.8489319246115.8489319246

TMA Noise Factor1.31825673861.258925411811.2589254118

Cable Gain0.67804731420.67804731420.67804731420.6780473142


Attenuator Gain0.11714938150.11714938151.85669257220.1171493815


RBS Gain251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151251.188643151

RBS Noise Factor2.51188643152.51188643152.51188643152.5118864315







850 MHz









Numerator23.946929660124.026935668921.358328997122.0063357557

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site33.581768997933.956432329823.453147175725.6583265922

Area of sector11.193922999311.31881077667.81771572528.5527755307


Capacity6219%3144%434%48%

1900 MHz









Numerator14.680781684514.760787693312.092181021512.74018778

Denominator33.207955522933.207955522933.207955522933.2079555229



Capacity


Reuse4444






Area of site9.29042563089.39407656776.48833358537.0983983908

Area of sector3.09680854363.13135885592.16277786182.3661327969


Capacity1720%870%120%13%




Reuse4444




Erl per sq km19.3050193059.65250965251.93050193050.1930501931











Cell Height


850 MHz






Numerator-7.1680937093-0.489976315400

Denominator0000






1900 MHz






Numerator2.09805426638.776171660227.136654929348.9386481708

Denominator12.668938102613.654811338415.943938102619.2189381026








Okumura-Hata


Base Height14 ft4 m


Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US160.3 dB

Suburban US160.3 dB

Rural US160.3 dB


n (equivalent)3.6



COST 231




Radius3.0 mi4.8 km




UsedEquationsPlanet






Urban US153.9 dB

Suburban US153.9 dB

Rural US153.9 dB




K1-25.7 dB-25.7 dB-157.3 dB

K2-44.9 dB-44.9 dB-44.9 dB

K3-5.8 dB-5.8 dB13.8 dB

K56.6 dB6.6 dB6.6 dB

K60.0 dB0.0 dB0.0 dB



SummaryScenario 1200 ft tower, 12 dBdNo TMA 1-5/8 cable1.7 dB cable lossERP: 65 WScenario 2200 ft tower, 8 dBdNo TMA1-5/8 cable1.7 dB cable lossERP: 26 WRadius: 76% the radius as had with 12 dBd gain

Scenario 3200 ft tower, 12 dBdTMA1-5/8 cable1.7 dB cable lossERP: 74 WUplink improved 0.6 dBRadius 5% larger7/8 cable2.7 dB cable lossERP: 74 WUplink improved 1.6 dBRadius 12% larger

SummaryChallenges in a Link BudgetParameters vary by user experienceVerify interference is lower than noise floorChoosing antenna with as much gain as possible that will still adequately cover area

Questions?