Grammar BookChabela Dover
3rd period
Tabla de Materias
• Preterite- Slide 3
– Trigger WordsSlide 4
– -car,-gar-zar
Slide 5– Spock
Slide 6– Snake
Slide 7– Snakey
Slide 8– Cucaracha
Slide 9 • Imperfect
Slide 10– Trigger Words
Slide 11– Irregulars
Slide 12• Preterite vs Imperfect
Slide 13• Ser vs Estar
Slide 14• Verbs like Gustar
Slide 15• Comparatives and Superlatives
Slide 16– TriggerWords
Slide 17• Future
Slide 18– Trigger Words
Slide 19– Irregulars
Slide 20• Por
Slide 21• Para
Slide 22• Demonstrative Adjectives
Slide 23• Demonstrative Pronouns
Slide 24
Preterite Preterite
Completed action
occured in fixed time
actions performed a specific number of times
used for actions that are chained
used for sudden changes of moods, feelings, or opinions.
-Er/Ir verbs
-Ar verbs
yo-é tú-aste él, ella, ud.- ó
nosotros-amos uds- aron
yo-í tú-iste él, ella, ud.- ió
nosotros-imos uds- ieron
Preterite Trigger Words
Ayer-yesterday
Anoche- last night
Después- Afterwards
Anteayer- the day before yesterday
La semana pasada- last
week
El mes pasado- last
month
El año pasado- last year
El fin de semana
pasado- last weekend
-qué
-aste
-ó
-amos
-aron
Car
-gué
-aste
-ó
-amos
aron
cé aste ó amos aron
Gar
Zar
“Spock”
Ir/Ser•Fui•Fuiste•Fue •Fuimos•Fueron
Dar/Ver•D/Vi•D/Viste•D/Vio•D/Vimos•D/Vieron
Hacer•Hice•Hicisite•Hizo•Hicimos•Hicieron
“Snake”
Dormí Dormiste Durmío
Dormimos Durmieron
“Snakey”Leí Leíste
LEYO Leímos LEYERON
Creí Creíste CREYO
Creímos CREYERON
Cucaracha Verbs Andar
• Anduv-
Estar
• Estuv-
Poder
• Pud-
Poner
•Pus-
Querer
•Quis-
Saber
•Sup-
Tener
•Tuv-
Vener
•Vin-
Conducir•Conduj-
Producir•Produj-
Traducir•Traduj-
Decir •Dij-
Traer•Traj-
é imos
iste
ieronó
é imosiste eronó
Imperfect
Uncompleted action
no definite beginning or end
descriptive tense- Who, What, When, Where
-Ar verbs
yo- aba tú-abas
él, ella, ud.- aba
nosotros-ábamos
uds- aban
-Er/Ir verbs
yo- ía tú-ías
él, ella, ud.- ía
nosotros-íamos
uds- ían
Imperfect Trigger Words
Nunca- never
A veces- sometime
s
Todo el tiempo- all the time
Todos los dios-
everyday
Cada mes- every
month
Simpre- always
Muchas veces-
many times
A muendo- often
Frecuentemente-
frequently
Ir• Iba•Ibas•Iba• Ibamos• Iban
Ser
•Era •Eras•Era•Eramos•Eran
Ver
•Veía•Veías•Veía•Veíamos•Veíran
Irregulars
Preterite vs Imperfect
Ser vs Estar
Ser
Descriptions
Origin
Characteristics
Time
OccupationRelationships
Possessions
Events
Dates
Estar
Health
Emotion
LocationPresent Condition
ING- iendo/ando
Verbs like Gustar• When gustar is
followed by one or more verbs in the infinitve, take singular form.
• Gustar is often used in conditional (would, should, could) to soften a request
ía ías ía Íamos ían
Examples
Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Doler disgustar
Conditional
Comparatives
Más adjective que
Menos adjective que
el menos adjective de
El/la más adjective de
y
Superlatives
Mejor
Bueno
Peor
Malo
MayorViejo MenorJoven
Transition Words
•Even though
Aunque
•While
Mientras
•But
Pero
•Therefore
Por la tanto
•Nevertheless
Sin embargo/ no obstante
•Also
También
•In spite of
A pasar de
El Futuro• I/You/He, She,
They/We/You all- WILL
• Infinitive + ending (endings are the same for -ar, -er, -ir verbs
é emos
ás án
á
Trigger Words
La semana Proxima Mañana Pasado
mañanaPasado semana Año Pasado
año
Caber Cabr To fit into
Decir Dir To tell
Haber Habr To have
Hacer Har To do or make
Poder Podr To be able to
Poner Pondr To place
Querer Querr To want
Saber Sabr To know facts
Salir Saldr To arrive
Tener Tendr To have
Valer Valdr To be worth
Venir Vendr To come
IRREGULARS
Por
• Passing through- PORtal• General rather tan specific location- PORtugal• How long something lasts- PORever• The cause of something- PORpuse • An exchange- imPORt/exPORt• Doing something in place of or instead of
someone else- Im por, pay for me• A means of transportation- trasnPORtation
Para• For whom something is done- surprise PARAty • Destination- PARAguay• The purpose for which something is done-
PARAsite• To express an opinion- PARAdon me, but…• To contrast or compare– Para meastra, no sabe mucho de las matematicas.
• To express idea of deadline- PARAmedic
Demonstrative Adjectives • Typically placed
before the nouns that they modify.
• Must agree in number and gender
Masculine Singular
Este (this)
Ese (that)Aquel (that over there) Masculine
Plural
Estos (these)
Esos (those)Aquellos (those over there)
Feminine Singular
Esta (this)
Esa (that)Aquella (that over there)
Feminine Plural
Estas (these)
Esas (those)Aquellas (those over there)
Demonstrative Pronouns
Masculine Singular
éste (this)
ése (that)Aquél (that over there) Masculine
Plural
éstos (these)
ésos (those)Aquéllos (those over there)
Feminine Singular
ésta (this)
ésa (that)Aquélla (that over there)
Feminine Plural
éstas (these)
ésas (those)Aquéllas (those over there)
Same as demonstrative adjectives except demonstrative pronouns have an accent over the first –e.