Daimler AG v. Bauman
General In Rem Jurisdiction .................................................. Service on In-State Agents ..................................................... Contacts-Based Jurisdiction Before .........................
DAIMLER Case History ...........................................................................
District Court .................................................................... Ninth Circuit .....................................................................
Justice Ginsburg’s Opinion for the Court .............................. Characterization of the Issue and Rhetorical Reach
of Opinion ....................................................................... The Facts ........................................................................... A History Lesson ............................................................... Analysis .............................................................................
Rejecting the Benefits Test for Attributing Jurisdictional Contacts ................................................
Rejecting Contacts-Based General Jurisdiction over Daimler AG ..........................................................
The Possibility of Exceptional Cases .......................... Justice Sotomayor’s Concurrence ..........................................
The Controversy over the Issue Presented ....................... Misreading Precedent ....................................................... “At Home” Can Be Many Places ..................................... Injustice of the Majority’s Approach ................................ Alternative Basis for Decision ..........................................
Service on Agent Appointed to Receive Service of
Process ...................................................................................
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
The Scope of the Opinion in ..................................... Comparative Evaluation of Where a Corporation Is
“At Home” .............................................................................. Corporate Expectations ......................................................... Place of Incorporation and Principal Place of Business .......
Place of Incorporation ...................................................... Principal Place of Business ..............................................
Reasonableness as a Limit on General Jurisdiction .............. Candidates for Exceptional Cases .........................................
Foreign Corporation Conducting All or Most of Its Business in the Forum State ...............................................
Foreign National Corporation Engaging in Most of Its U.S. Business in One State ............................................
Foreign Corporation Conducting All or Most of Its Business Activity in the U. S. but Maintaining No Principal Place of Business or Place of Incorporation in Any State .................................................
Corporation with an Outsized Presence in the State ........ Corporations Maintaining a Permanent Physical
Presence in the State By Operating Factories, Mines, or Other Non-Sales Related Activities ...................
The Mixed Constitutional Motives for Restricting
Contacts-Based General Jurisdiction ..................................... Unnecessarily Broad ..............................................................
Continuing Need for General Jurisdiction ....................... Alternative Grounds for Limiting Abusive
Jurisdiction ....................................................................... Reasonableness ........................................................... Forum Non Conveniens and Other Doctrines
Prevent the “Exorbitant” Exercise of Jurisdiction over Daimler AG by the Polish Driver in California .....................................................................
Disregard of Historical Roots and Subsisting Nature of Practice .................................................................................
New Formalism: Rebirth of Vested Rights ............................. Formal Rules Prevent Good Analysis ............................... Formal Rules Obscure Bad Results ..................................
Federalism Concerns ............................................................. Interference with Legislative and Regulatory Power
of States ............................................................................
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Preemption of Congressional Authority to Regulate Interstate and Foreign Commerce ....................................
Neglect of Other Constitutional Values .................................. Improper Consideration of International Law and
Foreign Practices ...................................................................
Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S.A. v. Brown Daimler AG v. Bauman
Goodyear
Daimler
Id.See Goodyear See generally General
Personal Jurisdiction After
Daimler
Daimler
See generally
Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Goodyear
Daimler
Daimler
Goodyear The Myth of General Jurisdiction quoted in Daimler
DaimlerGoodyear quoted in Daimler Daimler
Id.Daimler
Id. Perkins v. Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. Id.
PerkinsId. Perkins
See infra
SeeForeign Corporations Constitutional Law
see also
in personam
Goodyear See
Goodyear
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Goodyear
Daimler
See Bauman I
World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson
Id.
See
Goodyear
See Goodyear
Id. Goodyear DaimlerSee id.
See generally Perkins Helicopteros Burnham
GoodyearId.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Daimler
Daimler
Daimler
Goodyear
E.g. Supreme Court Bars Rights Suit Against Daimler in California
archived at harderJustices
Raise Bar for Suing Foreign Companiesarchived at
harderSee Where Is Home Depot ‘at
Home’? and the End of Doing Business JurisdictionDaimler
Toward a New Equilibrium in Personal Jurisdiction Daimler
See DaimlerSee infra
see also Daimler
See infra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Daimler
Daimler
Daimler accordNot at Home with ‘At-Home’ JurisdictionDaimlerDaimlerSee infra
See
See
See
supra Mi Casa Es Su Casa: Enterprise Theory and General Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations After
Nineteenth Century Personal Jurisdiction Doctrine in a Twenty-First Century WorldStaying Afloat in
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
General In Rem Jurisdiction
Daimler
the Stream of Commerce: , , and the Ship of Personal Jurisdiction
supra Id.See, e.g.
Pennoyer v. Neff
See
Cf.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Shaffer v. Heitner
International Shoe
Service on In-State Agents
Pennoyer v. Neff
Id. ShafferId.
Id.See, e.g.
Clarifying General Jurisdiction
Pennoyer
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Pennoyer
International Shoe Co. v. Washington Daimler
not
capias ad respondendum
in personam if he be not present within the territory of the forum
International Shoe
id.
PennoyerSee
See, e.g. Barrow Tauza International Shoe
Id.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
International Shoe
Contacts-Based Jurisdiction Before
TauzaSee
See generally supra
DaimlerSee
supra
supra Daimler
infraSee, e.g.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Daimler
PennoyerInternational Shoe Perkins v. Benguet Mining Co.
Ninth Circuit to Re-Examine Personal Jurisdiction over Internet Sellers
archived at
Daimler & The “Too Big for
General Jurisdiction” Phenomenon
archived at See : Court Again
Rejects a “Sprawling View of General Jurisdiction ”
archived at: In Latest ATS Decision, the Supreme Court Limits Jurisdiction of
U.S. Courts over Multinational Corporations
archived at : U.S. Supreme Court Again Applies Strict
Test for “General” Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporate Defendants
archived at Supreme Court Reins in the Jurisdictional Reach of U.S. Courts over Foreign and Out-of-State Corporations
archived at U.S. Supreme Court Sharply Limits General Jurisdiction over Corporate Defendants
archived at Daimler
supra
Daimler See
review granted
Daimler Pennoyer
See Pennoyer
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia GoodyearHelicopteros
Goodyear
see infra Daimler Tauza
E.g.
id.
See generally Perkins Helicopteros
Int’l Shoe
Daimler
E.g.dismissed as moot on other grounds
See Helicopteros
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Goodyear
GoodyearHelicopteros
See supra
See id.Id.
Goodyear
Daimler See infra
See generally ,, and the Incoherence of the Minimum Contacts Test
GoodyearPersonal Jurisdiction in a Global World: The Impact of the Supreme Court’s
Decisions in andGoodyear
supra
supra Goodyear
The Meaning of “Essentially at Home” in see also
infraGoodyear But see and : Reconciling Two
Recent Supreme Court Decisions, “Home,” and the Uncertain Future of Doing Business Jurisdiction
Goodyear: A Welcome Refinement of the Language of General Personal
Jurisdiction Goodyear
supra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Goodyear
See Foreign Corporations Constitutional Law
supra see supraGoodyear See generally
But see
Goodyear
Goodyear
supraGoodyear
Goodyear
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
DAIMLER
Case History
District Court
Bauman II vacated
See Bauman III
Id.
Id.Id.
Id.Id.
Id.
Id.
Id.
Id.
See
Daimler
Bauman III
Bauman Irev’d sub nom. Daimler
Id.
Id.Id.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Ninth Circuit
Id.
Id.
Id.
Bauman IV
See generallyBauman III
Bauman IIIId.Id.Bauman IV
Bauman II vacated
Id.
Id.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Goodyear
Bauman I
Id.Id.
Id.Id.
Id.Id.
Id.Id.
Id. Id.
Id.
Id.
Bauman V
Id.Id.
Id.Goodyear
Id.
Id.
Id.Goodyear
supra
Goodyear
Id.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Justice Ginsburg’s Opinion for the Court
Goodyear
Goodyear
Characterization of the Issue and Rhetorical Reach of Opinion
GoodyearId.
Kiobel supra
Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Id.
See infra see supra supra
DaimlerDaimlerId.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
The Facts
Id.Id.
See infra
See supra Daimler
Id. Daimler
Id.See supra
See Bauman I
See id.
Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
A History Lesson
Pennoyer v. NeffInternational Shoe
International Shoe
DaimlerId.Id.Id.Id.Id.
See Bauman I see also
DaimlerPennoyer See infra
Pennoyer
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Daimler Int’l ShoeInternational Shoe
But see supra
International Shoe
Int’l Shoe
See id.
See id.supra
Id.Id.Id.Id.
Guidi v. Inter-Continental Hotels Corp.
Id.
See
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Goodyear International Shoe
Goodyear
Perkins
Daimler
supra
See The Demise of General Jurisdiction: Why the Supreme Court Must Define the Parameters of General Jurisdiction
See The Quiet Revolution in Personal Jurisdiction
International ShoeDaimler
Id. Goodyear
Id.
Id. Perkins
Id. Jurisdiction to Adjudicate: A Suggested Analysis
Perkins
supra
See supra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall
PerkinsHelicopteros
Goodyear
Goodyear
Pennoyer
PennoyerPennoyer
in Daimler
SeeDaimler
See infra
Daimler
See infra Daimler
International ShoeId.
Id. GoodyearId.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Analysis
Rejecting the Benefits Test for Attributing Jurisdictional Contacts
Id.Id.Daimler
Bauman V
Daimler Goodyear
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Rejecting Contacts-Based General Jurisdiction over Daimler AG
Goodyear
Goodyear Id.Daimler Goodyear
See id.
Id.Id.
Id.
supra
See supra
Goodyear supra
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Goodyear
Hertz Corp. v. Friend
Daimler GoodyearId. A General Look at General Jurisdiction
Id. cf. GoodyearDaimler
See infra
Daimler
supra
SeeDaimler
Daimler
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
The Possibility of Exceptional Cases
Goodyearonly
Id.Daimler
See supraeach defendant
supra
DaimlerId. Daimler
Id.
supraBauman I
Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Justice Sotomayor’s Concurrence
The Controversy over the Issue Presented
Id.
Id.
Id.Goodyear
See infra
DaimlerId.See id.See id.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Misreading Precedent
International Shoe
Goodyear
Id.
Id. Daimler
Cf. supraDaimler
Id.
Id.Id.
Perkins Daimler Id.
See id.
Id.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Id.Id.DaimlerId. Int’l Shoe
Id.Id.
Id.supra
See supra
Daimler
Id.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
“At Home” Can Be Many Places
Goodyear
Goodyear
See supra
DaimlerPerkins
Perkins
Id.Perkins
Perkins
See supra
DaimlerId.
Id. International Shoe
Id.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Injustice of the Majority’s Approach
Burnham v. Superior Court
Daimler
Id.Id.DaimlerId.Id.Id.Id.
Id.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Alternative Basis for Decision
Asahi Metal Industries
Asahi
Asahi
Id.
Id.supra
SeeDaimler
See
Daimler
Id.Bauman I Daimler
E.g.In Search of General Jurisdiction
Daimler
Id.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Service on Agent Appointed to Receive Service of Process
Pennoyer
International Shoe
International Shoe
Id.
Id.See supra
What’s “Sovereignty” Got to Do with It? Due Process, Personal Jurisdiction, and the Supreme Court
See supraSee supra see also supra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
International Shoe
See supra
E.g.
See Another Look at General Personal Jurisdiction
supra Choice of Law and Jurisdiction in the Supreme Court Inferring Express Consent: The Paradox of Permitting Registration Statutes to Confer General Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations Based on Registration and Appointment of an Agent: An Unconstitutional Condition Perpetuated
supra
Registration Statutes, Personal Jurisdiction, and the Problem of Predictability
see also TheMyth of Director Consent: After , Beyond
But seesupra
Daimler
Compare
withSee generally
supra See supra
GoodyearSee id. But see supra
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Daimler
The Scope of the Opinion in
Daimler
See infraSeeId.
TauzaInternational Shoe Tauza Barrow Perkins
PennoyerDaimler see
generallyId. , “Home,” and the
Uncertain Future of Doing Business JurisdictionSee Tauza Barrow
Cf.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Daimler
GoodyearDaimler
See supraOpinion Recap: A Stricter View of General Jurisdiction
archived at Daimler
See
In re
See, e.g.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Comparative Evaluation of Where a Corporation Is “At Home”
Daimler
Goodyear
Daimler
Daimler
But cf.
Daimler
Id.See supraDaimler GoodyearId.Id.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Seesupra
Daimler
Id.
Id.See
Goodyear Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Daimler
Corporate Expectations
see also
DaimlerSee supra
See supra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson
see
Blackmer
See id.
now
Id.
See id.
Id.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
World-Wide Volkswagen
Id.
Id.
World-Wide Volkswagen
World-Wide Volkswagen
Burger KingBurger King
See Burger King
Id.Id.
Nicastro
World-Wide Volkswagen
Id. SeeThe Lay of the Land: Examining the Three Opinions in
World-Wide Volkswagen
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Place of Incorporation and Principal Place of Business
Place of Incorporation
Nicastro
Nicastro
Id.
Id. Asahi
NicastroId.E.g.
supra id.But see Personal
Jurisdiction—General Jurisdiction—
Cf.
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Daimler
See
E.g.
PerkinsSee
But see
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Principal Place of Business
Daimler
Daimler
Daimler
Hertz Corp. v. Friend
See supra
See
See supra
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Hertz
Id.
Hertz Corp.
see alsoId.
HertzCorp.
See supra
Id.
Id.
eliminate
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Hertz
Reasonableness as a Limit on General Jurisdiction
Goodyear
Daimler See infraE.g.
See generallysupra
see supraSee also supra
Sayonara to Fair Play and Substantial Justice?Nicastro
See supra
Id. Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Daimler
But see Daimler
See supraDaimlerId.Id.
specific
Id.
Id.Accord supra
supra
Daimler
Id.Cf.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Candidates for Exceptional Cases
only
Foreign Corporation Conducting All or Most of Its Business in the Forum State
Id.Id.
Daimler see id.
Id. See supra
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Foreign National Corporation Engaging in Most of Its U.S. Business in One State
Daimler
Foreign Corporation Conducting All or Most of Its Business Activity in the United States but Maintaining No Principal Place of Business or
Place of Incorporation in Any State
J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro
See supra see also supra
See supraWorld-Wide Volkswagen
But see supra
Daimler
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Corporation with an Outsized Presence in the State
Daimler
But see supra Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Corporations Maintaining a Permanent Physical Presence in the State By Operating Factories, Mines, or Other Non-Sales Related
Activities
E.g. In re
Daimler
See
Id.
See supra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Daimler
The Mixed Constitutional Motives for Restricting Contacts-Based General Jurisdiction
See supra
Id.
See supraDaimler E.g. In re
Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
See supra see also supra
See supra
see supra
See supra
See infra see also supra
supra
Id.
supra
supra Cf.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Nicastro
See id.see also supra
Daimler Nicastro Goodyear
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. S.C. (Anderson)
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. S.C. (Anderson)
Daimler
See generallysupra
Daimler
Cf.
See, e.g. Daimler
Cf. Nicastro
GoodyearSee generally supra
supra
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Daimler
Nicastro
Unnecessarily Broad
Daimler
See supra
See supra BurnhamE.g.
NicastroNicastro
Daimler
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Continuing Need for General Jurisdiction
Nicastro
Daimler
See supra see also supraDaimler
See suprasee also id.
E.g.Toward Reasonable Limitations on the Exercise of General Jurisdiction
SeeBusiness Interests and the Long Arm in 2011
NicastroDaimler
Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Alternative Grounds for Limiting Abusive Jurisdiction
Reasonableness
Forum Non Conveniens and Other Doctrines Prevent the “Exorbitant” Exercise of Jurisdiction over Daimler AG by the Polish Driver in California
Daimler
See supra But seesupra
See supra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Disregard of Historical Roots and Subsisting Nature of Practice
New Formalism: Rebirth of Vested Rights
Formal Rules Prevent Good Analysis
International Shoe
See id.
id. id.
See supraid.
See supra
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
International Shoe
Formal Rules Obscure Bad Results
Int’l ShoeSee
Who Said It? Romney, Obama or Mr. Burns
archived at
See suprasupra
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Federalism Concerns
Interference with Legislative and Regulatory Power of States
Daimler
International Shoe
Daimler
Id. accord supra
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Preemption of Congressional Authority to Regulate Interstate and Foreign Commerce
Neglect of Other Constitutional Values
Daimler
supra
See supra
Daimler
International Shoe
See
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Daimler
Improper Consideration of International Law and Foreign Practices
Daimler
See supraSee
See supraSee supra
supraSee supra
See Daimler
OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL
Id.
Id. supraId. supraId. supraId.
GENERAL PERSONAL JURISDICTION AFTER
Daimler
Daimler
Daimler
DaimlerDaimler
See supraSee supraSee supra
See supra
See supra
Daimler
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