GIARDIA LAMBLIABy
MEHTAB SHAH B.S MLT 06 06
INTRODUCTION It is a intestinal single-celled parasite . Giardia lamblia is a flagellate of world-
wide distribution Reproduce by binary fission. Have a trophozoite and cyst phases. Direct life cycle. It has two nuclei and eight flagella. Lives in duodenum and jejunum. Typically found in lakes, streams, or ponds
that have been contaminated by human and other animals.
It causes giardiasis.
MORPHOLOGY
Two stages: :
1.1. Trophozoite Trophozoite
2.2. cystcyst
Trophozoite SHAPE Pear shaped,Pear shaped, Tennis racked shape or heart Tennis racked shape or heart
shape(when viewed flat).shape(when viewed flat).Size Length: 10-20umLength: 10-20um Width: 5-15umWidth: 5-15um Thickness:2-4umThickness:2-4um
Contd……….……….Body Bilaterally symmetrical having a Bilaterally symmetrical having a
peared structure.peared structure.Axostyles Two in numbers, seen in midline as Two in numbers, seen in midline as
vertical lines.vertical lines.Nuclei Two or one on each side of body.Two or one on each side of body.
Contd…….…….
Flagella 4 pairs helping in moving.4 pairs helping in moving.
Sucking discs Circular in shapeCircular in shape Situated on ventral surfacesSituated on ventral surfaces
CYSTShape Oval or ellipsoidOval or ellipsoidSize Length: 12umLength: 12um Width: 8umWidth: 8umNuclei Two nuclei in immature cystTwo nuclei in immature cyst Four nuclei in mature cyst.Four nuclei in mature cyst.Flagella &sucking discs may be seen in cytoplasm.may be seen in cytoplasm.
Mature cyst
Life cycle of Life cycle of Giardia lambliaGiardia lamblia
TrophozoitesTrophozoites
TrophozoitesTrophozoites CystsCystsMature CystsMature Cysts
Duodenum, upper ileum, gall bladder
The lower portionThe lower portionof ileum or colonof ileum or colon
Contaminate waterand food
Stool
OutsideOutside
Multiplied by binary fission
DiarrheaDiarrhea
OutsideOutside
Trophozoites are attached to the mucosa Trophozoites are attached to the mucosa surface by sucker, surface by sucker, reproduced by binary fissionreproduced by binary fission
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomitingnausea, and vomiting
Mechanical blockage of the intestinal mucosa, Mechanical blockage of the intestinal mucosa, competition for nutrients, inflammationcompetition for nutrients, inflammation
HistologyHistology: : shortening of microvilli, elongation of crypts, shortening of microvilli, elongation of crypts, and damaging the brush border of the absorptive cellsand damaging the brush border of the absorptive cells
G. lambliaG. lamblia inhabits in the duodenum and upper inhabits in the duodenum and upper ileumileum
Pathogenesis
Habitat & transmission
Trophozites Definitive host:Definitive host: Human intestineHuman intestine
Cyst Human colon & contaminated Human colon & contaminated
materialmaterial
Transmission
VIA FEACEL-ORAL ROUTE
Symptoms
Abdominal painAbdominal pain Diarrhea Diarrhea Gas or bloatingGas or bloating Headache Headache Loss of appetite Loss of appetite Low-grade fever Low-grade fever NauseaNausea Swollen or distended abdomen Swollen or distended abdomen Vomiting Vomiting
How long after infection do symptoms appear?
Symptoms of giardiasis normally begin 1 to 2 weeks (average 7 days) after becoming infected
Possible Complications
Dehydration Malabsorption Weight loss
DiagnosisPathogenic examination(1) Fecal examination
Water-like feces: trophozoitesFormed feces: cystsFormed feces: cysts
(2) Duodenal fluid or bile (2) Duodenal fluid or bile examinationexamination
Diagnosis
ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosoebent assay
IFA: indirect fluorescent antibody
PCR: polymerase chain reaction
How can prevent a Giardia infection?
Avoid water that might be contaminated.
Avoid food that might be contaminated.
Boil water before drinking.
Do not brush teeth with tap water that may be contaminated.
Do not use ice or drink beverages made from tap water that may be contaminated.
Wash hands before eating food etc.
Treatment The most common treatment for
giardiasis is metronidazole (Flagyl) for 5-10 days. It eradicates the Giardia more than 85% of the time.
Furoxone for 7-10 days. Quinacrine is very effective for treating
giardiasis. Combination therapy also may be
effective (e.g., quinacrine and metronidazole).
And KEEP SMILING
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