Geothermal Power Plant Design Geothermal Power Plant Design
Presented By:
Tom Ettinger, PEProcesses Unlimited International Inc.
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Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
1. Geothermal Basics
2. Plant Design
3. Questions
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Worldwide Geothermal Worldwide Geothermal Capacity in MWeCapacity in MWe
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Geothermal BasicsGeothermal Basics
Advantages
• Renewable Resource
• Government Incentives
• Environmentally Friendly
Disadvantages
• Transmission
• Resource Risk
• First Cost
• Base Load
• Low Fuel Cost
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Geothermal BasicsGeothermal Basics
Design Challenges
• Resource Conditions
• Choosing a Site
• How Big to Build the Plant• How Big to Build the Plant
• Choosing a Process
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Geothermal BasicsGeothermal Basics
Plant Types
• Steam (condensing & non-condensing)
• Steam Flash (condensing & non-condensing)
• Binary (air vs. water-cooled)• Binary (air vs. water-cooled)
• Geopressured
• Hypersaline
• Bottoming/Topping
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TURBINE GENERATOR
CONDENSER TO VACUUM SYSTEM
Direct Steam Direct Steam –– Process SchematicProcess Schematic
COOLING WATER
PUMP
COOLING
TOWER
PRODUCTION
WELL
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE
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Direct Steam Direct Steam –– GeysersGeysers
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Kenya NonKenya Non--Condensing Power PlantCondensing Power Plant
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Flash Flash –– Process SchematicProcess Schematic
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Single Flash Single Flash -- Dieng 1Dieng 1
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Dixie Valley Dual FlashDixie Valley Dual Flash
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Dual Flash Dual Flash -- Brady Power PlantBrady Power Plant
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Flash Plant Design ChallengeFlash Plant Design ChallengeHigh NC Gas ContentHigh NC Gas Content
NCG varies from nil to 6%
• Reduces Steam Turbine Output
• Impacts Condenser Sizing and Design• Impacts Condenser Sizing and Design
• Increases Gas Removal System Size
•• Hydrogen Sulfide (HHydrogen Sulfide (H22S) ContentS) Content
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Mahanagdong Vacuum SystemMahanagdong Vacuum System
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Sulfur Abatement SystemSulfur Abatement SystemIron chelate process converts
H2S to elemental Sulfur
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Binary Binary –– Process SchematicProcess Schematic
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Mammoth 1 BinaryMammoth 1 BinaryFirst AirFirst Air--Cooled Binary 1984Cooled Binary 1984
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Mammoth 2 Binary Mammoth 2 Binary
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Binary Plant Design ChallengesBinary Plant Design Challenges
• Heat Exchanger Scaling
• Summer/Winter Capacity
• Safety Concerns
• Wind Direction
• Air Removal
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Geopressure ProcessGeopressure Process
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Texas Geopressured ProjectTexas Geopressured Project
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Salton Sea HypersalineSalton Sea Hypersaline
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Salton Sea Topping TurbineSalton Sea Topping Turbine
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Plant DesignPlant Design
Thermal Efficiency Versus Cost ($/kW)
• Multiple Flashes
• Heat Exchange Area
• Binary Process Fluid• Binary Process Fluid
• Equipment Types
• Free Flowing Wells versus Pumped Wells
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Dual FlashDual Flash
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Steamboat Geothermal Heat ExchangersSteamboat Geothermal Heat Exchangers
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Axial Flow Steam Turbine RotorAxial Flow Steam Turbine Rotor
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Radial Inflow Turbine WheelRadial Inflow Turbine Wheel
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FreeFree--Flowing WellFlowing Well
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Pumped WellsPumped Wells
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Questions?Questions?
Mahanagdong GeothermalMahanagdong Geothermal
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