Georgia 1960-
1970s
He served as mayor in Atlanta
from 1962-1970. Ordered for all the “White Only”
and “Black Only” signs to be taken in City Hall
Ended Jim Crowe practices by sitting with a black attorney at the City Hall cafeteria.
Ivan Allen Jr.
Ivan Allen, Jr.
It began with an $800 grant from the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Began from student meetings and grew into a large organization with many supporters
Sit-ins—protest method—people enter a public building and refuse to leave until they are served or their demands are met
SNCC(Student Non-Violent Coordination
Committee)
Leader—John Lewis Major contribution
—organized voter registration drives all over the South, especially in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.
SNCC
Gov. Ernest Vandiver Jr.—had to decide
between closing all public schools or to follow a federal order and desegregate them.
Gov. Vandiver chose John Sibley to head a commission to gather state residents’ opinions and thoughts on desegregation and report back to him.
Sibley Commission
By a 3-to-2 margin, Georgians said
they would rather close schools than integrate them
Commission recommended allowing local school systems decide
Many communities opened private schools in response
Sibley Commission
SIBLEYS BOARD OF TRUSTEES
GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT SCHOOLS FOR SIBLEY
SIBLEY HIMSELF
Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes—
first African American students admitted to UGA
Riots and protests by the white students that were opposed to the school’s desegregation resulted in temporary suspension for Hunter and Holmes
After court orders, they returned to campus to finish their studies
Both graduated in 1963
Admission to Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to UGA
HUNTER AND HOLMES AT THEIR GRADUATION
WALKING AROUND CAMPUS
WALKING ON ATHEN SIDEWALKS
Desegregation coalition formed in
Albany, Georgia on November 17, 1961
Purpose—to integrate bus station waiting rooms
SNCC was involved as well as Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Albany Movement
Police arrested the rioters but tried to
avoid any dramatic violent incidents to keep from drawing publicity
King was arrested for trying to defend them but was released two weeks later
Result—a biracial coalition was formed to study African-American concerns in Albany
Albany Movement
Albany Movement
August 28, 1963. March was organized by a group of
civil rights, labor, and religious organizations.
March was to support the passage of the Civil Rights Act
March on Washington
Estimated number of participants—
250,000 They estimated that 75-80% were black
and the rest were white and other minorities.
Martin Luther King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech advocating racial harmony at the Lincoln Memorial during the marchhttp://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=20916
March on Washington
Gave all Americans the right to be served in
facilities which are open to the public John F. Kennedy was President The bill included
Banned discrimination in public accommodations
Enabled the US attorney general to join in lawsuits against states’ governments which operated segregated school systems
Withheld federal funds from schools that did not integrate
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Elected January,1974 Atlanta’s first African American mayor He served 8 years, and then returned
for a third term Brought vendors (food and
merchandise) and art work to Atlanta Airport
Hartsfield-Jackson Airport named after him posthumously
Election of Maynard Jackson
Maynard Jackson
Governor of Georgia from 1967-
1971 He owned the Pickrick diner but
closed it rather than integrating it Elected to office for his very public
stance on segregation
Lester Maddox
After elected, Maddox was actually progressive on
many racial matters He backed significant prison reform, an issue
popular with many of the state's African Americans He appointed more African Americans to
government positions than all previous Georgia governors combined, including The first black officer in the Georgia State Patrol The first black official to the state Board of
Corrections
Lester Maddox
Lester Maddox
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7m3JCPrQ3zs
Mayor of Atlanta Young helped to organize "citizenship
schools" for the SCLC—workshops that taught nonviolent strategies to local people
Young became a trusted aide to Martin Luther King, Jr.
Eventually became the executive director of the SCLC
Andrew Young
Organizing voter registration and
desegregation campaigns in Albany; Birmingham and Selma, Alabama; and Washington, D.C.
Before being mayor, he was the first Black elected by Georgians to the US House of Representatives since Reconstruction (1972)
1977—US ambassador to the United Nations
Brought the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta
Andrew Young
Andrew Young
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