This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.
SPA (NF/KN) T71148© UCLES 2008 [Turn over
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer three questions, one from each section.Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 4 and Fig. 9 and Photographs B, C and D for Question 5.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
*9184355687*
GEOGRAPHY 2217/01
Paper 1 October/November 2008
1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper
www.XtremePapers.com
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Section A
Answer one question from this section.
1 (a) Study Fig. 1, population pyramids of Indonesia (an LEDC) and Japan (an MEDC).
0 0
0 – 45 – 9
10 – 1415 – 1920 – 2425 – 2930 – 3435 – 3940 – 4445 – 4950 – 5455 – 5960 – 6465 – 6970 – 74
75+
Age
% of total population
Male
OLD DEPENDENT
YOUNG DEPENDENT
ECONOMICALLYACTIVE
JAPAN
Female
1 2 3 4 5 6 71234567
0 0
0 – 45 – 9
10 – 1415 – 1920 – 2425 – 2930 – 3435 – 3940 – 4445 – 4950 – 5455 – 5960 – 6465 – 6970 – 74
75+
Age
% of total population
Male
OLD DEPENDENT
YOUNG DEPENDENT
ECONOMICALLYACTIVE
INDONESIA
Female
1 2 3 4 5 6 71234567
Fig. 1
(i) What is meant by economically active? [1]
(ii) What evidence in the population pyramids suggests that:
A people in Japan have a longer life expectancy than people in Indonesia;
B Indonesia has a higher birth rate than Japan? [2]
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(iii) How is the young dependent population of Indonesia different from that of Japan? Support your answer with figures from Fig. 1. [3]
(iv) Explain why, in some countries, the young dependents make up a larger percentage of the population than in other countries. [4]
(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows changes in the percentage of population over the age of 65 in Indonesia and Japan.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al p
opul
atio
n ov
er 6
5 ye
ars
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
projected
INDONESIA
JAPAN
Fig. 2
(i) Compare the percentage of the population over the age of 65 in Indonesia and Japan between 1970 and 2005. [3]
(ii) Suggest reasons for the expected increase in the percentage of the population over the age of 65 in Indonesia and Japan by 2025. [5]
(c) For a country which you have studied, explain why the government is concerned by an ageing population. [7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows simplified urban land use models for MEDCs and LEDCs.
mainroadlink
mainroadlink
Model A Model B
0 5
km
Key for both models
high quality residential
low quality residential
area X
area Y
medium quality residential
squatter settlements
Fig. 3
(i) Which model represents land use in an LEDC city? [1]
(ii) Identify the land uses in areas X and Y. [2]
(iii) Identify the similarities and differences between the two land use models. [4]
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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows the location of squatter settlements around Lima, the capital city of Peru (an LEDC in South America).
0 10
km
N
CONOCONONORTENORTE
CONO CONO ESTE ESTE
R. C
hillo
n
Pan A
merican H
ighway
R. Rimac
San San Cristobal Cristobal
San San Juan de Juan de
Lurigancho Lurigancho
El Agustino El Agustino San Martin de Porres
LIMA LIMA
San Cosme San Cosme Mendocita Mendocita Matute Matute Carmen de Carmen de
la Legua la Legua
Callao Callao
San San Isidro Isidro
Miraflores Miraflores
City City Centre Centre
Chorrillos Chorrillos
San Juan de Miraflores
CONO CONO SUR SUR
Villa Maria Villa Maria del del
Triunfo Triunfo
Pan American Highway
R. L
urin
Paci f ic Ocean
CONONORTE
San Cristobal
San Juan de
Lurigancho
CONO ESTE
El Agustino
CONO SUR
Villa Maria del
Triunfo
LIMA
San Cosme Mendocita Matute Carmen de
la Legua
Callao
San Isidro
Miraflores
City Centre
Chorrillos
highland
squatter settlements
built-up area of Lima
Los Los Olivos Olivos
Los Olivos
Villa Villa El Salvador El Salvador
Villa El Salvador
Tahuantinsuyo Tahuantinsuyo Tahuantinsuyo
Comas Comas Comas
Cuevas Cuevas El Ermitano El Ermitano Cuevas El Ermitano
Fig. 4
(i) Using evidence from Fig. 4 only, describe the distribution of the squatter settlements around Lima. [3]
(ii) Suggest reasons for the distribution of squatter settlements around Lima. [3]
(iii) Explain why large cities in LEDCs have many people living in squatter settlements. [5]
(c) Name an urban area in an LEDC where there are squatter settlements. Describe what has been done to improve the quality of life for the people who live in these settlements. [7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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Section B
Answer one question from this section.
3 (a) Study Figs 5A and 5B. Fig. 5A shows instruments used at a weather station and Fig. 5B shows the wooden box in which some of these instruments are kept.
– 25
– 20
– 15
– 10
– 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5 0
– 5
– 10
– 15
– 20
– 25
°C °C
E
W S
N
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM THERMOMETER
ANEMOMETER
BAROMETER
SUNSHINE RECORDER
970 965 96
0
975
980
985
990 995
1000
1005
1010 1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
10
40
STO
RM
Y
R
AIN
CHANGE FAIR VER
Y D
RY
compensated
0 0 3 2 7 1 kms m
WIND VANE
Fig. 5A
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Fig. 5B
(i) What is the wooden box shown in Fig. 5B called? [1]
(ii) Identify the two instruments shown in Fig. 5A which are kept in the wooden box. [2]
(iii) Explain why the wooden box:
A is painted white;
B has slatted sides;
C has legs which raise it above the ground. [3]
(iv) Describe where the wooden box should be sited. Give reasons for your answer. [4]
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(b) Study Fig. 6, which shows the weather recorded at a weather station over a period of 24 hours in October.
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200960
970
980
990
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
atm
osph
eric
pre
ssur
e (m
b)
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 12005
10
15
20
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
air
tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 12000
1
2
3
4
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
rain
fall
(mm
)
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 12000
10
20
30
40
50
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
mea
n w
ind
spee
d (k
m/h
our)
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 12000
60120180240300360
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
win
d di
rect
ion
(deg
rees
)
Fig. 6
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(i) Describe how the atmospheric pressure changed over the 24 hour period. [3]
(ii) Compare the weather at 16.00 (15 October) and 02.00 hrs (16 October). [5]
(c) Name an area which you have studied where drought occurs. Describe the problems experienced by people living in your chosen area. [7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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4 (a) Study Figs 7A, 7B and 7C. These are block diagrams of a river in three parts of its valley.
alluvium
alluvium
Fig. 7A
Fig. 7B
Fig. 7C
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(i) In which figure, 7A, 7B or 7C, is the volume of the river likely to be the largest? [1]
(ii) Describe two differences in the shape of the valley cross sections shown in Figs 7A and 7B. [2]
(iii) Give three processes by which the river is likely to carry out erosion in Fig. 7A. [3]
(iv) Describe the processes by which a river is likely to transport eroded materials. [4]
(b) Study Photograph A (Insert) which shows a waterfall, the Montmorency Falls, near Quebec City, Canada.
(i) Describe the natural features of the waterfall shown in the photograph. [3]
(ii) Explain how the waterfall may bring both benefits and problems for local people. [5]
(c) For a named river which you have studied, explain the causes of flooding. [7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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Section C
Answer one question from this section.
5 (a) Study Fig. 8, which shows numbers of international tourists and their destinations.
1800
Middle East
Key to destinations
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 1980 2000 2020
(projected)
num
ber
of in
tern
atio
nal t
ouris
ts (
mill
ions
)
Europe
Asia and the Pacific
The Americas
Africa
Fig. 8
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(i) What was the total number of international tourists in 2000? [1]
(ii) Identify the part of the world which:
A had more than 100 million international tourists in 1980;
B increased its number of international tourists from 20 million in 1980 to 100 million in 2000. [2]
(iii) Suggest reasons for the expected increase in international tourism. [3]
(b) Study Fig. 9 (Insert), which shows Mahé Island, which is part of the Seychelles (an LEDC in the Indian Ocean), along with Photographs B, C and D (Insert).
The location of each photograph is shown on Fig. 9.
(i) Suggest three different ways in which people who live on Mahé Island might benefit from international tourists visiting the island. [3]
(ii) Suggest three different problems which international tourism might cause for people who live on Mahé Island. [4]
(iii) Use evidence from Fig. 9 (Insert) and Photographs B, C and D (Insert) only to explain why Mahé Island is attractive to tourists. [5]
(c) Name an area which you have studied where the tourist industry is important. Describe what has been done in the area to maintain, improve and conserve the quality of the environment.
[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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6 (a) Study Figs 10A and 10B, which show information about the use of different types of energy.
Europe andformer USSR
MiddleEastNorth
America
SouthAmerica
Africa
AsiaandPacific
fossil fuels
Key
nuclear power
HEP
Fig. 10A
1009080706050
% of total fuelwood used
403020100
Asia and Pacific AfricaSouth
AmericaNorth
America Europe
Fig. 10B
(i) What is meant by fossil fuel? [1]
(ii) Which two regions, between them, use over 75% of the world`s fuelwood? [2]
(iii) Identify three differences in the use of energy between South America and Europe and former USSR. [3]
(iv) Suggest reasons why the importance of different types of energy varies globally. [4]
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(b) Study Fig. 11, part of a webpage about energy in China.
Oil prices rose above US$50 per barrel in September, reaching record-high levels.
The rise in oil prices is likely to affect China’s economic growth. As a result of rapid
industrialisation, China has become the world’s second largest user of oil and its
imports are increasing rapidly. The rise in oil prices affects the Chinese economy, as
higher oil prices lead to higher costs for Chinese manufacturing firms.
Like many LEDCs, the government of China has encouraged economic development,
even though it has damaged the environment. However, the use of large amounts of
energy also uses up valuable resources and makes industry less competitive, because
of higher costs.
Fig. 11
(i) Use your own words to suggest three different ways in which high oil prices are likely to cause problems for the Chinese economy and industry. [3]
(ii) Describe the ways by which the transport and use of oil might damage the natural environment. [5]
(c) For a country or area which you have studied, describe the ways in which renewable energy supplies are being developed. [7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 4 Photograph A S. Sibley © UCLES.Question 5 Photograph B S. Sibley © UCLES.Question 5 Photograph C S. Sibley © UCLES.Question 5 Photograph D S. Sibley © UCLES.Question 5 Fig. 9 © Air Seychelles.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
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