• ge·og·ra·phy Noun
• What does “geo” refer to?
• Earth
• graphy=writing
• The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these.
Nile
Ind
us
Tigris
Eu
ph
rates
Gan
ge
s
Yangtze
Huang (Yellow)
Mississip
pi
Amazon
North
South
EastWest
Lin
es
of L
on
gitu
de
Lines of Latitude
AsiaEurope
Australia
Africa
South
America
North America
Antarctica
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Atlan
tic Ocean
Pacific O
cean
Ind
ian O
cean
Arctic Ocean
• What is the purpose of lines of latitude?• A: They measure the distance north & south from the
equator. • Latitude degrees are 69 miles apart, north and south of the
equator. 90 degrees north is the north pole, and 90 degrees south is the south pole.
• What is the purpose of lines of longitude?• The (east to west) vertical longitude lines are also known as
meridians. They converge (meet) at the poles.• Zero degrees longitude is located at Greenwich, England
(0°). This line of longitude is called the Prime Meridian.• The degrees continue 180° east and 180° west where they
meet and form the International Date Line in the Pacific Ocean.
While the equator divides the earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, it is the Prime Meridian at zero degrees longitude that divides the earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
The Eastern Hemisphere consists of Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia while the Western Hemisphere includes North and South America.
The Tropics• The tropics are the two lines where the sun is directly overhead at
noon on the two solstices- near June and December 21. • The sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Cancer on
June 21 (the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of winter in the Southern Hemisphere).
• And the sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Capricorn on December 21 (the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of summer in the Southern Hemisphere).
What about Russia? The Middle East?
Which three countries make up North America?
Were the continents always in this position?
Climate Zones: What factors affect climate? latitude, altitude, winds, distance from the sea
Which climate zone are we in?
Does this map look different to you? How?
What type of map is this?
• Physical Maps - illustrate the physical features of an area, such as the mountains, rivers and lakes. The water is usually shown in blue. Colors are used to show relief—differences in land elevations. Green is usually used at lower elevations, and orange or brown show higher elevations.
•
Economic or Resource Maps - feature the major types of natural resources or economic activity in an area. For example, wheat on a map of Maryland tells you that wheat is grown there.
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