Natural vegetation & wildlife

THE TWO MAIN COMPONENTS OF OUR

BIOSYSTEM ARE:

Flora- PLANTS

Fauna-Animals

Flora- The term flora is used to denote plants of a particular region or period.

Fauna- the species of animals are referred to as fauna

Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which has grown naturally withouthuman aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time. This is termedas virgin vegetation. Thus, cultivated crops and fruits, form part a of vegetation but not natural vegetation.Virgin vegetation -The virgin vegetation, which are purely Indian are known asendemic or indigenous species but those which have come from outside India aretermed as exotic plants

RELIEFLandLand affects the natural vegetation directly and indirectly. The nature of land influences the type of vegetation. The fertile level is generally devoted to agriculture . The undulating rough terrains are areas where grassland and woodlands develop.SoilThe soils also vary over space. Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation. The sandy soil supports Cactus plant while wet, marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves & deltaic vegetation.CLIMATETemperatureThe character & extent of vegetation are mainly determined by temperature along with humidity, precipitation & soil. On the slopes of the Himalayas & the hills of the Peninsula above the height of 915 meters, the fall in the temperature affects the type of Vegetation & it’s growth.

Factors affecting Flora

Photoperiod (Sunlight)The variation in duration of sunlight at different places is due to differences inlatitude, altitude, season and duration of the day. Due to longer duration of sunlight,trees grow faster in summer.

PrecipitationIn India almost the entire rainfall is brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon(June to September) and retreating northeast monsoons. Areas of heavy rainfallhave more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall.

TEMPERATURE •Warmer water temperatures will cause population decline for trout, salmon and many other species that require cold water to survive. •Rising ocean temperatures have already caused massive coral bleaching, leading to the collapse of these ecosystems which sustain huge numbers of fish.

WATER •Larger floods are expected to increase erosion levels, reducing water quality and degrading aquatic habitat.

FOOD •Climate change has altered food availability for migratory species; birds arrive on schedule to find their food sources--insects, seeds, flowering plants--have hatched or bloomed too early or not at all.

Factors affecting Wildlife

The following major types of vegetation may be identified in our country(i) Tropical Rain Forests(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs(iv) Montane Forests(v) Mangrove Forests

Like its flora, India is also rich in its fauna. It has more than 89,000 of animal species. The country has more than 1200 species of birds. They constitute 13% of the world’s total. There are 2500 species of fish, which account for nearly 12% of the world’s stock. It also shares between 5 and 8 per cent of the world’s amphibians, reptiles and mammals.

TYPES OF VEGETATION & WILDLIFE

Save Nature, Save life

Let’s do our part

I am … THE ROYAL

BENGAL TIGER!

CONSERVATIONNot a burden, but a duty

Conservation

The Earth is my home too!

Will you be my friend ?

Start ‘reforestation’

Think different!!

To protect the flora and fauna of the country, the government has taken manysteps.(i) Fourteen biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to protect flora andfauna. Four out of these, the Sunder bans in the West Bengal, Nanda Devi inUttaranchal, the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu and the Nilgiris (Kerala, Karnatakaand Tamil Nadu) have been included in the world network of Biosphere reserves.(ii) Financial and technical assistance is provided to many Botanical Gardens by thegovernment since 1992.(iii) Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many otherecodevelopmental projects have been introduced.(iv) 89 National Parks, 49 Wildlife sanctuaries and Zoological gardens are set up totake care of Natural heritage.

LETS MAKE OUR PLANET A PLACE, WHERE PEOPLE CARE FOR OTHERS

& NOT JUST FOR THEMSELVES

Deforestation & other related activities

Affect the lives of millions of animals.

Here’s a video clip that will inspire you to protect these

animals….

Prepared by:Batul Quadri Rollno.04 Komal Agrawal Rollno.08

STD IX-BDR. Y.S. KHEDKAR

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLAURANGABAD