FY 2014 Global Warming Mitigation Technology
Promotion Project
Report of Findings of Feasibility Study concerning JCM
Project through Introduction of
Container-type Data Centers in Laos
January 2015
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Service Providers: Toyota Tsusho Corporation
Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
DC Feasibility Operation
Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................... 1-1 Chapter 1
Background .................................................................................................... 2-1 Chapter 2
2.1 Current status of IT policies in Laos ..................................................................... 2-2
2.1.1 Initiatives being taken by the Lao government ............................................. 2-2
2.1.2 Network infrastructure environment in Laos ................................................. 2-4
2.2 Lao IT project plan ................................................................................................ 2-5
2.2.1 Building a project implementation structure and providing education .......... 2-5
2.3 Positioning of the project ...................................................................................... 2-6
2.3.1 Significance and advantages of this project ................................................. 2-6
2.3.2 Project progress ............................................................................................ 2-6
Edification of Government Personnel ............................................................ 3-1 Chapter 3
3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Tours of Related Facilities in Japan ...................................................................... 3-2
3.3 Observation of High-Efficiency Container-type Data Center ................................ 3-2
3.4 Educational and Awareness-Raising Programs concerning High-Efficiency
Container-type DCs .............................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.1 Participation in Local Event (LAO TECHMART 2014) .................................. 3-6
3.4.2 Periodic Intergovernmental JCM Project Study Meeting Held...................... 3-9
3.4.3 Joint Evaluation Meeting Held with Ministry of Science and Technology ... 3-10
3.4.4 Opinion Exchange with LANIC .................................................................... 3-15
Evaluation of Project Plan ............................................................................. 4-1 Chapter 4
4.1 Evaluation of design specifications and cost balance suited to Laos .................. 4-1
4.1.1 Applicable technologies in project implementation ....................................... 4-1
4.2 Survey on the usage needs of government and private-sector corporations ...... 4-8
4.2.1 Usage needs survey (in cooperation with Laos Smart Green IT Project
Committee) .................................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.2 Evaluation of service categories ................................................................... 4-8
4.3 Evaluation of services provided ............................................................................ 4-9
4.3.1 Basic surveys on Laos .................................................................................. 4-9
4.3.2 Survey of land and real estate markets ...................................................... 4-12
4.3.3 Laos market research .................................................................................. 4-13
4.3.4 Survey of local system integrators (SIs) ..................................................... 4-16
4.3.5 Challenges for commercialization ............................................................... 4-16
4.3.6 Technical issues in adopting container-type data centers .......................... 4-17
4.4 Evaluation of appropriate locations for establishing DCs ................................... 4-19
4.4.1 Survey of transportation routes ................................................................... 4-19
4.4.2 Construction plan and management ........................................................... 4-19
Development of MRV Methodology and Estimation of GHG reductions ...... 5-1 Chapter 5
5.1 Development approach of the MRV methodology ................................................ 5-1
5.2 Development of the JCM methodology ................................................................ 5-9
F.2.Calculation of the reference amount of emission (1) .................................................. 5-14
5.3 Adequacy verification of the efficiency index ...................................................... 5-16
5.4 Test calculation of the quantity of GHG emission reduction ............................... 5-17
5.5 Consideration of a simple and accurate monitoring method/structure ............... 5-19
5.5.1 Monitoring method ....................................................................................... 5-19
5.5.2 Monitoring structure ..................................................................................... 5-19
Analysis of Economic Effects ........................................................................ 6-1 Chapter 6
6.1 Reduction of electricity rates and other operating costs through the
introduction of high-efficiency container-type data centers .................................. 6-1
6.1.1 Comparison of operating costs with building-type data centers ................... 6-1
6.1.2 Comparison of initial costs with building-type (prefabricated) DCs .............. 6-1
6.2 Development of IT-related industries in Laos ....................................................... 6-2
6.3 Utilizing IT to improve international competitiveness within the region ................ 6-3
Policy Suggestions ........................................................................................ 7-1 Chapter 7
7.1 Investigation of related policies and systems in Laos .......................................... 7-1
7.1.1 Investigation related to IT policy .................................................................... 7-1
7.1.2 Investigation related to judicial affairs ........................................................... 7-1
7.2 Investigation of trends in data centers in Japan and other countries ................... 7-2
7.2.1 Trends in the outside-air cooling system and container-type DCs ............... 7-2
7.2.2 Trends in electrical facilities .......................................................................... 7-3
7.2.3 Easing of temperature conditions ................................................................. 7-3
7.3 Development of energy conservation standards for the data center to be built
.............................................................................................................................. 7-3
7.4 Preferential treatment related to development of container-type data centers .... 7-5
7.5 Measures to promote relocation of end user systems to energy-conserving
data centers .......................................................................................................... 7-6
1-1
Introduction Chapter 1
The Project is intended to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Lao People’s
Democratic Republic through the development of container-type data centers (DCs), a
world-class low-carbon technology from Japan. This study on the composition of such data
centers investigated the commercial feasibility of the Project through a feasibility study.
2-1
Background Chapter 2
In recent years, initiatives such as the smart city have been actively
implemented toward achieving a low-carbon society that utilizes information
technologies (IT), and the concept of green IT has become widely accepted,
making IT a powerful tool for combating global warming.
At the same time, IT equipment itself consumes energy. In particular, at the data
centers (DCs) that act as the hubs of computer networks and are essential for
the aforementioned green IT, the power required to run the large number of IT
devices and the energy consumed to cool them have become an international
problem. These types of power and energy consumption are expected to
continue increasing in the future.
In Laos, IT introduction and development have been lagging and there are no
DCs that can be securely used by national-level institutions or international
corporations. Even government workers are observed using private-sector
e-mail services such as Gmail or Hotmail, inadvertently contributing to the
obstacles to the implementation of measures such as green IT.
Given this situation, the government of Laos, which is located in the center of
east-west and north-south economic corridors, is aiming to build a national DC to
strengthen connectivity through IT. This project has become a major pillar of the
Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity, an initiative to build an ASEAN community
by 2015.
In response, the Lao government (Ministry of Science and Technology) has
asked two Japanese corporations to provide support toward the realization of a
green IT park. Toyota Tsusho Corporation (Toyota Tsusho), one of the
companies, has been conducting various types of business operations in Laos,
while Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ), the other, has built and is operating the
Matsue Data Center Park, the first large-scale, commercial, container-type DC in
Japan. The two are continuing joint efforts to help achieve a green IT park
centered on an energy-saving container-type DC that will help combat global
warming.
In addition, this activity helps the Green Mekong Initiative, being promoted by the
Japanese government, and is expected to help Laos in its efforts to achieve
sustainable development. It was mentioned by Mr. Motegi, the Japanese
Minister for Economy, Trade and Industry, during his visit to Laos in April 2014.
The Lao Ministry of Science and Technology, which will oversee the park, was
2-2
established in 2011 and is promoting advanced projects in the fields of IT,
biotechnology, energy, etc. The Ministry is also responsible for managing the
systems used by the Lao government and centrally coordinating its IT policies.
[Requests from Lao Government]
The following is a brief history of the interactions that have taken place between
Toyota Tsusho, etc. and the Ministry of Science and Technology regarding the
green IT park.
February 2014 Explained the project concept to the Lao Minister of
Science and Technology.
March 2014 The Lao Minister of Science and Technology visited Japan (to
tour IIJ’s Matsue Data Center Park, etc.).
April 2014 A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was concluded among
the Lao Ministry of Science and Technology, Toyota Tsusho, IIJ,
etc.
(A preliminary investigation began.)
August 2014 JCM Project Feasibility Investigation began (completed in
January 2015).
December 2014 Members of the Ministry of Science and Technology
visited Japan.
2.1 Current status of IT policies in Laos
Our investigation examined the current status of IT policies in Laos.
2.1.1 Initiatives being taken by the Lao government
Since announcing its IT strategic plan in 2010, the Lao government has been
working on creating a new communications/ICT law, an electronic transaction
law, and a broadcasting law, etc. The Information Technology Department
responsible for drafting IT-related policies as well as investigation and
development was set up inside the Ministry of Science and Technology, which
was established in December 2011. Currently, this Information Technology
Department is taking the leadership role in efforts to spread IT and encourage its
use in Laos, and has identified the establishment of a national DC and provision
of advanced IT services as the focal items in the next-phase plan.
2-3
Figure 2.1-1 Office of the Information Technology Department of the
Ministry of Science and Technology
(1) Functions and missions of the Information Technology Department of the
Ministry of Science and Technology
The Information Technology Department of the Ministry of Science and
Technology lists the following as its four major roles and missions:
(i) Promotion of IT-related collaboration among the central government,
regional governments, and various ministries
(ii) Development of IT-related laws and regulations to help spread IT to
the private sector
(iii) Support for training, etc. to promote the use of IT and improve the IT
level
(iv) Conducting R&D on applications to promote industrialization and
modernization of Lao society
In all these areas, the DC planned as the foundation of this project is
considered to play an important role.
(2) Initiative to develop IT-related laws and regulations
One of the specific steps taken by the Information Technology
Department was the development of the Electronic Transaction Law
2-4
(2012). Currently, the Bureau is also proceeding to develop a data
protection law and other IT-related laws and regulations in stages. The IT
infrastructure the government uses is also expected to require a high
level of security standards in the future.
(3) Outcome of IT-related R&D efforts
The outcome of the Information Technology Department’s R&D includes a
web conferencing system, open source office applications, and many
kinds of office-computerization programs. Use of the DC as the
infrastructure foundation for such R&D operations is also being
considered.
(4) Future plans
The Lao Ministry of Science and Technology has put forth a future plan to
build a national DC in collaboration with various other interested
ministries, and is currently positioning Toyota Tsusho, etc. among its most
powerful partners in the evaluation phase.
2.1.2 Network infrastructure environment in Laos
For the network infrastructure, one of the most important elements of this project,
the Lao government has been installing optical fiber networks throughout the
entire country. The total length of the optical fiber installation has now reached
4,469 km, covering the area in and around Vientiane and other major cities. The
plan calls for the installation of optical fibers in the city of Vientiane and its
surrounding areas in Phase 1, other major cities in Phase 2-A, and the areas
surrounding major cities in Phase 2-B. So far, the government has completed up
to Phase 2-A.
Currently, most Internet providers in Laos connect to overseas Internet via the
Laos National Internet Center (LANIC), which functions as an international
Internet gateway. Some providers, however, have established direct lines to
2-5
overseas providers.
2.2 Lao IT project plan
We investigated the future IT project envisioned by the Lao government.
2.2.1 Building a project implementation structure and providing education
(1) Project overview
The DC envisioned in this project is an international-level DC that will
become the foundation of the electronic government being promoted by
the Lao Ministry of Science and Technology. Therefore, we consider it
desirable to build an operational structure that will be managed by the
Ministry of Science and Technology or a state-run company under the
Ministry’s jurisdiction. To build a sustainable operational structure, we will
provide DC operation training to Lao personnel beginning with this
verification project. Even after commercialization, we envision providing
ample technical support with the smallest contingent possible.
(2) Engineering education
At the Seventh Lao Party Congress held in March 2001, a declaration
was made about the importance of IT education and the intention to
revitalize the Lao economy by utilizing IT. A seminar entitled
“Industrialization and Modernization Implementation Policy in Laos” was
given to section chiefs and higher at all ministries and agencies in
January 2003, stressing the importance of IT education. The government
also stated its intention to revitalize the economy of the entire country by
introducing IT into all fields, including telecommunications, tourism,
transportation, health, and environment. Given this situation, the Japan
International Cooperation Agency, an independent administrative
institution, implemented the National University Project on Human
Resource Development in the IT Service Industry from 2008 to 2013, in
cooperation with the National University of Laos. At the same time, there
has been strong demand from the IT industry for the establishment of
institutions to train IT specialists in the database, network, and application
fields. However, most of the people actually working in these industries
2-6
are either foreigners or Laotians who returned to Laos after studying
abroad, and existing Lao educational institutions are still unable to
develop the kind of human resources required by these industries.
Meanwhile, since the DC project requires stable operation over a long
period, local operation support is extremely important. For this reason,
training local engineers is essential, which should provide impetus to
efforts to improve the IT engineering education system in Laos.
2.3 Positioning of the project
This section describes the positioning of the project based on the preceding
section.
2.3.1 Significance and advantages of this project
In Laos, since there is currently no DC that can be securely utilized by
national-level institutions or international corporations, each institution is forced
to individually manage and operate its own IT equipment. Therefore, this
project has an extremely important position in the Lao government’s IT strategy,
and should greatly help improve information security and revitalize industries.
The electricity supply in Laos is recognized to be cheaper and more stable than
in neighboring countries. Furthermore, because Laos is located in the center of
the Mekong region and has few natural disasters, this project is receiving a
great deal of attention as a data-backup hub for the surrounding countries.
2.3.2 Project progress
The Lao Ministry of Science and Technology, together with Japanese
corporations (Toyota Tsusho and IIJ), has established the Laos Smart Green IT
Project Committee, whose objective is to validate the business feasibility of an
IT park centered around a DC under the Mekong Data Hub Concept. The
Committee is investigating the feasibility of an integrated business centered on
a DC, including the development of IT human resources and the creation of an
office environment in Laos.
Rather than as a simple DC operation business, Toyota Tsusho and its partner
regard this project as part of a green IT business that will actively adopt energy
conservation technologies. They are also promoting this project as a Joint
2-7
Crediting Mechanism (JCM) project, taking into consideration the wishes of the
Lao government, which agreed to promote a bilateral offset credit system with
the Japanese government in August 2013.
The following table provides an overview of the meeting held to explain
implementation of the feasibility study:
Overview of the meeting held to explain feasibility study implementation
Item Description
Date/time August 27, 2014 16:00 - 18:00
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Purpose To report the fact that the Japanese side had been selected for the
project and to discuss policy for future activities
Agenda (i) The Japanese side explained their selection for the project
and its purpose. The Lao side indicated its agreement to the
start of the feasibility study and expressed appreciation for
the efforts of the Japanese side.
(ii) A proposal was made and an agreement reached to hold
regular information-exchange meetings between the
participants involved from the two sides once every month or
two, to share progress status and exchange information.
Future Progress review meetings will be held with the involved participants
from the Lao government to promote the project.
Furthermore, even during the feasibility study period, progress review meetings
have been held on an irregular basis to promote the project, along with study
meetings and evaluation meetings. For an overview of the study meetings and
evaluation meetings held, see the next chapter.
[Main agenda of the progress review meetings]
(1) Explanation of the current status of the feasibility study and request for
cooperation from the Lao government based thereon
(2) Adjustment to the future schedule and sharing of the work flow
(3) Holding of a JCM project study meeting
2-8
(4) Evaluation of the specific details of the National Data Center
(5) Ensuring thorough understanding of the situation by all involved, including
the Minister, Department Director, Section Chiefs, and persons in charge
(6) Promotion of stronger collaboration with the involved Lao ministries and
agencies
(7) Explanation of the project to the involved Lao government ministries and
agencies with which collaboration will be especially important
(8) Identification and resolution of other issues and questions
3-1
Edification of Government Personnel Chapter 3
As a part of this study, tours of related facilities in Japan by the Lao Ministry of Science and
Technology and other government agencies as well as study meetings, evaluation meetings,
and opinion exchanges by Lao government personnel were conducted to raise
understanding of the new modular DC concept.
3.1 Overview
Five broad categories of educational programs were undertaken (see Table 3.1-1). Through
each of these programs, efforts were made to increase the understanding of high-efficiency
container-type DCs among personnel from the Lao Ministry of Science and Technology and
the involved participants from the Lao government, gain cooperation with the verification
project, and obtain cooperation with and reach an agreement on future commercialization.
Table 3.1-1 List of Educational Programs
Program Type Implementation Period
(number of times conducted)
Understanding
Tours of related facilities in
Japan (Matsue Data Center Park
and others)
November 30 – December 3, 2014
Edification,
increasing
awareness
Participation in local event (Lao
TechMart 2014)
December 11 – 15, 2014
(Five days)
JCM Project Study Meeting
Lao Ministry of Science and
Technology
September 30 and November 4, 2014
(Two times)
Joint evaluation
Lao Ministry of Science and
Technology
September 29 – November 14, 2014
(Six times)
Opinion exchange Ministry of
Posts and Telecommunications,
Lao National Internet Center
(LANIC)
November 12 and 21, 2014
(Two times)
3-2
3.2 Tours of Related Facilities in Japan
The tours of related facilities in Japan included a visit to Internet Initiative Japan’s Matsue
Data Center Park, which is Japan’s first large-scale commercial container-type DC in
operation. The participants also had the opportunity to exchange opinions with personnel
from Japanese government agencies and companies that are conducting business in
Japan.
Table 3.2-1 Overview of Tours
Item Details
Tour dates November 30 – December 3, 2014
Tour site
Matsue Data Center Park (IIJ)
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Toyota Tsusho Tokyo head office
IIJ head office
Table 3.2-2 Tour Schedule
Date Itinerary Program
November
30
Travel Vientiane to Tokyo -
December 1
Travel Tokyo to Matsue -
Tour IIJ Matsue Data Center Park
(Item 3.3 of the overview)
Tour of container-type
DCs
Travel Matsue to Tokyo -
December 2
Visit Toyota Tsusho Tokyo head office Exchange of opinions
Visit IIJ head office Exchange of opinions
Visit Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry
Exchange of opinions
December 3 Travel Tokyo to Vientiane -
3.3 Observation of High-Efficiency Container-type Data Center
On December 1, 2014, the group visited the Matsue Data Center Park constructed and
currently operated by the IIJ in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture and observed the
technologies used in high-efficiency container-type DCs and their operating status. A
3-3
summary of the visit is set forth below.
Summary of Visit Sites
The IIJ Matsue Data Center Park makes possible innovation that could not be achieved in
the past by building and operating DCs based on the concept of “establishing infrastructure
optimized for cloud computing that integrates facilities and IT equipment” in preparation for
the transformation of existing ideas and the cloud generation. A conceptual diagram concept
is below.
Figure 3.3-1 Conceptual diagram of the Matsue Data Center Park
To carry out the concept, a structure that integrates ducts for the introduction of external air
into the container body, something that is difficult to do with buildings, and other
technologies were introduced. During the tour, the main focus was on observing the actual
structures technologies. Exterior views of the DC and the facilities that comprise it as well as
its main specifications are below.
Current Cloud Period
“Cloud Base” which is fused “IT
equipment and facility”, cloud
owner’s asset
Cloud Owner’s
Asset Data
Center
IT Equipment
Construct on Cloud Base
Customer A
System
Customer B
System
Customer C
System
Customer A
System
Customer B
System
Customer C
System
Construction Individually
Customer’s Asset
DataCenter
Asset
IT Equipment IT Equipment IT Equipment
“Facility” which detains “IT
equipment” of customer’s asset
Data
Center
Data
Center
Data
Center
3-4
Figure 3.3-2 Overhead view of the Matsue Data Center Park
As of May 2014, thirty-two IZmo container modules were installed at the park and were in
operation as the basic infrastructure for IIJ’s GIO cloud service.
Figure 3.3-3 IZmo IT module and air conditioning module
Core Facility
Air-Conditioning
Module
IT Module
IZmo
Inside of IZmo: detain IT equipment high thickly
3-5
Site area: Approximately 8,000 m2
Buildings: Management building, electrical facility building (fire-proof building)
Module installation area: Maximum of 24 IT modules (maximum of 216 racks)
Earthquake Countermeasures
Site with stable ground: Developed land using excavated material and
confirmation of adequate N values (an indicator of ground strength) through
ground surveys. Buildings, IT modules, air conditioning modules, and other
facilties have structures that can withstand horizontal acceleration of 980 gal
(equivalent to seismic intensity 7) .
Water Damage Countermeasures
The site is not located in a flood zone on hazard maps.
Water leaks are detected using leak sensors.
Lightning Countermeasures
Lightning conductors and SPD are installed.
Networks
Connected to the IIJ backbone network by redundant 10 Gbps differential carrier
lines.
Electrical Facilities
Incoming power capacity: 2,000 kVA
Two power lines (active/standby), each from a different substation, provided by
Chugoku Electric Power
24-hour continuous operation emergency generator
UPS N+1 structure
Fire Extinguishing Equipment
Fire early warning and detection system (VESDA)
N2 gas fire extinguishing equipment
Security
Equipped with site intrusion detectors, monitoring cameras, and access control.
24-hour monitoring by security personnel
Certifications
ISMS
ISO 14001
SSAE 16 Type 2 (compliance planned)
FISC compliant
JDCC-FS001 Tier 3
Operational Organization and Management
3-6
24-hour manned operation, 365 days a year
Equipment power supply ON/OFF status, LED confirmation, and spare equipment
in the event of hardware failure
Monitoring and operating services including replacement of equipment is
available.
Scenes of the Observations
The group observed the main facilities that make up the DC including the interiors and
exteriors of various types of containers, the management building, and emergency
generators and listened to explanations of the technologies and operations. The group
confirmed the adaptability of the facilities to the inferior electric power supply conditions that
differ from those in Japan and the weather conditions in Laos, which are characterized by
high temperature, humidity, and dust levels. The participants asked about actual operations
including the hardware capacity of each container type, responses in the event of a fire,
ensuring security, and so on, and asked about operating conditions in the case of operation
in Laos.
3.4 Educational and Awareness-Raising Programs concerning
High-Efficiency Container-type DCs
Educational and awareness-raising programs included study meetings, joint evaluation
meetings, and opinion exchanges, and seminars primarily for Lao government personnel
affiliated with the Ministry of Science and Technology.
3.4.1 Participation in Local Event (LAO TECHMART 2014)
As a part of the container-type DC edification programs, Toyota Tsusho and IIJ had a joint
exhibit at the Lao TECHMART 2014 held in Vientiane. They also gave presentations at
seminars.
Overview of the Exhibition
- Dates: December 11 – 15, 2014 (five days)
- Site: Lao International Trade Exhibition and Convention Center (Lao ITECC)
- Sponsor: Ministry of Science and Technology
- Also held: Seminars
3-7
Background
The Lao government has given science and technology an extremely important role for
carrying out its national strategy on science and technology development up to 2025 and
vision for 2030. Science and technology are positioned as the driving force for Laos’s
National Socio-Economic Development Plan 2011-2015, for achieving the targets that the
government has set for 2020 including reduction of poverty, achieving the United Nations
Millennium Development Goals, industrialization, modernization, and advancing from the
developing country stage, and for preparing for joining the ASEAN Economic Community,
which is scheduled for 2015.
Science and technology applications in various fields will be important and essential for
supporting the development plans and targets discussed above. Particularly urgent tasks
include disseminating the results of research and so on and applying them to business,
manufacturing and production, and services, increasing productivity and quality through
transfers of technology (skills) , increasing the added value of products, and reducing
energy and raw material consumption, costs, and environmental impact (e.g., creating safe
and secure agricultural production systems) .
For the Ministry of Science and Technology, holding the LAO TECHMART 2014, which was
held for the first time, was an extremely important task from the perspective of disseminating
the result of research and so on and transferring technologies (skills).
The objectives of holding LAO TECHMART 2014 were to promote the application of more
efficient and advanced technologies to manufacturing, production, and services, contribute
to social and economic development, and enhance abilities to trade products in competition
in global markets.
Objectives
- Disseminate research achievements that will contribute to business in Laos. Raise the
productivity of manufacturers, improve processes and quality, increase the added value
of products, raise raw material and energy efficiency, cut costs, preserve the
environment, develop safe and secure agricultural production systems, and contribute to
IT
- Promote collaboration and dialogue on technology with ASEAN member countries
- Provide opportunities to businesses, manufacturers, students, and the public to have
contact with and learn about advanced technologies
Technology Fields
- Biotechnology, agriculture
3-8
- Information, communications, services
- Energy, new materials
- Engineering
- Healthcare
- Transportation
- Food processing, beverages
- Electronic and electric products
Exhibitors
Approximately 77 companies
Seminar Program
December 13, 2014, 10:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Track A: Biotechnology, agriculture
Track B: Renewable energy, new materials
December 14, 2014, 9:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Track A: Information, communications, services
Track B: Engineering, transportation
Presentations
Date & time: December 14, 2014, 9:30– 10:00 a.m.
Title: IIJ Company Overview and Container Datacenter
Details
1. Company overview
2. Business overview
3. Description of the Matsue Data Center Park
4. Comparison on container-type data center and building data centers
5. Features of modular data centers
A) Short construction time
B) Energy saving, low environmental impact
C) Remote maintenance systems
D) Tier 3 equivalent security
3-9
3.4.2 Periodic Intergovernmental JCM Project Study Meeting Held
Two study sessions for key and supporting personnel of the Lao Ministry of Science and
Technology were held to raise understanding of the JCM system and structure.
First JCM Project Study Meeting
Item Details
Date & time September 29, 2014, 8:30 – 9:30 a.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos: Total of approximately 14 members of the Ministry of Science
and Technology
Purpose Study meeting on the JCM project concept for the involved participants from
the Lao government
Agenda
1. Overview of NEDO
2. Roles of NEDO
3. Renewable energy
4. Overview of the verification test
5. Framework of the verification test
6. Examples of projects in Asia
7. Overview of JCM
8. JCM project cycle
9. Subject countries
10. Examples of JCM FS results by NEDO
11. Future process in the case where the JCM verification test is selected
12. Questions and answers
Going
forward
A second session will be held to explain the JCM project to persons who are
unable to attend and those who require further explanation.
Second JCM Project Study Meeting
Item Details
3-10
Item Details
Date & time November 5, 2014, 10:00 - 11:00 a.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos: Total of 6 members of the Ministry of Science and Technology
Purpose Study meeting on the JCM project concept for the involved participants from
the Lao government
Agenda
1. Overview of NEDO
2. Roles of NEDO
3. Renewable energy
4. Overview of the verification test
5. Framework of the verification test
6. Examples of projects in Asia
7. Overview of JCM
8. JCM project cycle
9. Subject countries
10. Examples of JCM FS results by NEDO
11. Future process in the case where the JCM verification test is selected
12. Questions and answers
Going
forward
End of program
3.4.3 Joint Evaluation Meeting Held with Ministry of Science and
Technology
Joint evaluation meeting were held to share information on the status of the feasibility study,
make requests to the Lao government, and conduct consultations on an ongoing basis in
order to support complete implementation of the feasibility study supported by the Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry and facilitate steady progress towards later implementation of
a verification test.
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First Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
September 16, 2014, 3:00 - 4:30 p.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of eight persons
Purpose Confirm how to implement the feasibility study
Agenda - Details of feasibility study implementation
Explanation of the feasibility study details pursuant to support from METI
- Establish a consensus on details of the schedule
Explanation of the feasibility study schedule pursuant to support from METI
- Questions and answers and other discussion
Next
Session
Continue sharing information on the status of implementation of the
feasibility study and explain requests to the Lao government
Second Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
September 29, 2014, 9:30 – 10:00 a.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of five persons
Purpose Feasibility study progress review meeting
Agenda - Share information on implementation of the feasibility study
Share information on the current status of progress
- Confirmation of issues
Confirmation of the status of understanding of the project within the Lao
government
- Questions and answers and other discussion
3-12
Item Details
Next
Session
Continuation of the above and promotion of collaboration and sharing of
information with the Lao government
Third Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
October 10, 2014, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of four persons
Purpose Feasibility study progress review meeting
Agenda - Share information on implementation of the feasibility study
Share information on the current status of progress
- Requests to the Ministry of Science and Technology
Request to reinforce explanations and collaborations within the government.
In particular, request to promote understanding of the project in related
ministries and agencies.
Explanations to Lao government ministries and agencies concerning the
visits and request to accompany during those visits.
- Questions and answers and other discussion
Next
Session
Continuation of the above and sharing of information on the status of
progress
Forth Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
October 27, 2014, 1:00 - 2:00 p.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of three persons
Purpose Feasibility study progress review meeting
Agenda - Share information on implementation of the feasibility study
Share information on the current status of progress
3-13
Item Details
- Questions and answers and other discussion
Next
Session
Continued collaboration with the Lao government
Fifth Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
November 5, 2014, 11:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of six persons
Purpose Interim information sharing on the feasibility study
Agenda - Interim information sharing on the feasibility study
Share information on the current status of progress
Next
Session
Continued collaboration with the Lao government
Sixth Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
November 14, 2014, 8:30 – 10:00 a.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of approximately
20 persons
Purpose Feasibility study progress review meeting
Agenda - Share information on implementation of the feasibility study
Share information on the current status of progress
- Questions and answers and other discussion
Next
Session
End
3-14
Seventh Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
November 24, 2014, 2:00 – 2:30 p.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of four persons
Purpose Feasibility study progress review meeting
Agenda - Share information on implementation of the feasibility study
Share information on the current status of progress
- Questions and answers and other discussion
Next
Session
Continuation and collaboration with the Lao government
Eighth Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
December 11, 2014, 5:00 – 5:30 p.m.
Location Vientiane ITTEC Site (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of five persons
Purpose Feasibility study progress review meeting
Agenda - Share information on implementation of the feasibility study
Share information on the current status of progress
- Questions and answers and other discussion
Next
Session
Continuation and promotion of information sharing and collaboration
3-15
Ninth Joint Evaluation Meeting
Item Details
Date and
time
December 22, 2014, 4:00 – 5:00 p.m.
Location Lao Ministry of Science and Technology (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Science and Technology and others for a total of four persons
Purpose Feasibility study progress review meeting
Agenda - Share information on implementation of the feasibility study
Report on completion of feasibility study in Laos
Next
Session
End of program
3.4.4 Opinion Exchange with LANIC
An opinion exchange was held to promote collaboration with the Ministry of Posts and
Telecommunications, which manages and oversees communications infrastructure, facilitate
efficient and effective use through the creation of national DCs, and strengthen ongoing
collaboration.
Opinion Exchange with the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
Item Details
Date and
time
November 12, 2014, 11:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
Location Lao Ministry of Communication, Transport, Post and Construction(Vientiane,
Laos)
Participants From Laos:
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications for a total of two persons
Ministry of Science and Technology for a total of two persons
Purpose Opinion Exchange regarding national DCs
Agenda - Explanation of the feasibility study overview
- Exchange of opinions regarding construction of national DCs
3-16
Item Details
Going
forward
The parties agreed that they will continue to exchange information and
collaborate in the future.
Opinion Exchange with the Laos National Internet Center (LANIC)
Item Details
Date and
time
November 21, 2014, 1:30 – 2:30 p.m.
Location LANIC, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (Vientiane, Laos)
Participants From Laos:
LANIC for a total of two persons
Purpose Opinion exchange regarding national DCs
Agenda - Explanation of the feasibility study overview
- Exchange of opinions regarding construction of national DCs
- Future collaboration
The parties agreed that they will continue to collaborate and exchange
opinions with the Ministry of Science and Technology and LANIC.
Going
forward
The parties agreed that they will continue to exchange information and
collaborate in the future.
4-1
Evaluation of Project Plan Chapter 4
We conducted an evaluation on the design specifications and draft project plans required to
introduce high-efficiency container-type DCs into Laos.
4.1 Evaluation of design specifications and cost balance suited to Laos
We conducted an evaluation of design specifications and cost balance appropriate for Laos,
from the perspective of technologies applied to container-type DCs. Each of the design
specifications are indicated below.
4.1.1 Applicable technologies in project implementation
Apply energy-conservation technologies in the following:
(1) Storage facilities (containers, dedicated buildings, computer rooms at each location,
etc.)
(2) IT equipment (primarily servers)
(3) Other (control)
(1) Containerization of storage facilities
The power usage effectiveness (PUE = (total power consumption of DC) / (power
consumption of IT equipment)) of most building-type DCs commonly used today is
about 2.0. However, because Laos has an environment of high temperature and
high humidity, and in most instances, servers are managed in a place like a
computer room, it is envisaged that the actual PUE here will be worse than this.
On the other hand, by using the method for calculating PUE prior to the introduction
of container-type DCs into the Matsue Data Center Park, the PUE of container-type
DCs has been estimated at about 1.2. Actual operations have also produced a
similar value. Thus, the containerization of storage facilities has the potential to
significantly reduce power consumption.
We will apply the following technologies during project implementation to realize
energy conservation.
1) Adoption of indirect outside-air cooling systems to reduce the load of cooling
equipment
Although direct outside-air cooling systems have been adopted at the Matsue Data
Center Park, they require strict management of humidity and dust particles, which in
turn, requires advanced operational skills. Furthermore, since the equipment is large
4-2
in size, there are concerns that transportation costs would soar. Indirect outside-air
cooling systems overcome these two challenges, and they achieve energy
conservation, and so will be adopted.
Table 4.1-1 Comparison of cooling systems
Direct outside-air cooling systems Indirect outside-air cooling systems
Mechanism Outside air is introduced directly into the
room and cooled
Heat is expelled from inside the room via
a heat exchanger, without introducing
any outside air into the room
Control of
humidity and
dust particles
Since outside air is brought directly into
the room, requires humidifiers, filters and
other equipment
Since air inside the room is circulated,
simple humidifiers and filters can be used
Features of
equipment
Difficult to install in existing buildings
because openings are required in server
rooms to let in outside air
Also, air-conditioning units are larger
because they require space for mixing
the inside air with the outside air
Server rooms do not require openings to
let in outside air
Air-conditioning units can be kept
compact in size because space is not
needed for mixing air
Length of time
outside air can
be used
Cooling using only outside air can be
done for long periods of time without the
use of chillers
Cooling using only outside air, without
the use of chillers, cannot be done for as
long as direct outside-air cooling systems
4-3
Figure 4.1-1 Configuration of equipment in indirect outside-air cooling
systems
Hot aisle
間接外気
熱交換機
Cold aisle
冷凍機 Refrigerating
Machine
Heat Exchanging
Machine
Indirect Air from
outside
4-4
Figure 4.1-2 Overview of control in indirect outside-air cooling
systems
2) Adoption of high-efficiency UPS
It will be possible to further enhance energy-conservation effects by adopting a
dual-conversion type of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system, which is
used to counter failures of commercial power supply (momentary interruptions,
prolonged outages).
外気利用
( 不凍液循環 )
冬期
間接外気モード
(熱交換機のみ)
冷凍機 夏期
冷凍機モード
(冷凍機のみ)
中間期(春、秋)
コンビネーションモード
(熱交換機 + 冷凍 機)
外気の温湿度に応じて運転モードを自動制御 Auto Control Operation Mode for outside temperature/humidity
Middle Term (Spring, Autumn)
Combination Mode
(Heat Exchanging Machine + Refrigerator)
Winter Term
Indirection Outside Air Mode
(Heat Exchanging Machine Only)
Summer Term
Refrigerator Mode
(Refrigerator Only)
4-5
Table 4.1-2 Types of UPS and their respective characteristics
3) Reduction of conversion loss and power transmission loss
The standard power supply system used in Laos is the three-phase four-wire
system. Since it is capable of getting 200V from 380V–420V without a
transformer, it should be possible to reduce conversion loss. Also, by using bus
ducts for the wiring inside the containers, an exepcted benefit will be a greater
reduction in power transmission loss compared to individual wiring.
Electric Supply Method
Constitution Curcuit
offline Line Interactive Double Conversion Double Conversion
(Technic with Fuji Electronic Licensed)
Normal Invertor Method Normal Commercial Method
Switch
Invertor Battery Battery Invertor
Switch Invertor
Battery Battery
Convertor Direct
Convertor Parallel
Convertor
Voltage Security
Energy Security
Stable output of the double conversion equivalency by 20% of energy security
Efficiency
Switch Duration
Voltage
Fluctuation
Function
Evaluation
Total Evaluation
Normal
Power Outage
Power Stable
Save Energy
Uninterrupted Uninterrupted
◎
Balance high efficiency with the stability of the output power
supply
○
Stability of the output power supply
×
Voltage Secured with high efficiency, but outage is occurred
×
High efficiency, but outage is occurred
4-6
Figure 4.1-3 Power supply system
(2) Introduction of high-efficiency IT equipment (primarily servers)
In developed countries, servers are ordinarily replaced after about five years, but in
developing countries, it would appear that outdated servers are often continuing to
be used. Therefore, based on the following perspectives, we will examine the
reduction effects if high-efficiency IT equipment was installed in container-type DCs
and conventional servers were replaced.
1) Integration effect as a result of improved processing power
The processing power of servers has evolved with rapid progress. Consequently,
there are high hopes for energy-conservation effects by building container-type
DCs and aiming to replace outdated servers that are currently dispersed. When
replacing old outdated servers with the latest models, it is possible to calculate
the CO2 reduction effect from the percentage improvement in CPU performance.
According to past surveys, when comparing the same processing power, it has
sometimes been reported that servers from five years ago consume more than
ten times electricity than that consumed by latest model servers.
2) Energy conservation as a result of introducing high-temperature equipment
It has also been reported that electricity costs can be reduced by 4–5% for each one
Busway system + 3-phase 4-wire system
AC400V/230V
commercial power
三相4線方式+バスダクト
ServerA/D
…
commercial power
…
Rack
IT module
ServerA/DRack
IT module
ServerA/DRack
IT module
ServerA/DRack
IT module
ServerA/DRack
IT module
ServerA/DRack
IT module
A/D D/A
BAT
A/D D/A
BAT
A/D D/A
BAT
A/D D/A
BAT
AC420VAC420V 3-phase 3-wire system
AC210V
single-phase two-wire systemAC210V
single-phase two-wire systemAC230V
AC420V
トランスレス化 バスダクト化
三相3線方式Three aspects 3 line method
Three aspects 4 line method
+ Busway
Trans-Less Busway
4-7
degree Fahrenheit rise in the intake temperature of servers. Thus, a key point in
reducing power consumption is the temperature setting of DCs.
In recent years, IT equipment has been developed which takes advantage of various
technologies to raise the operable temperature range. Utilizing this equipment, it is
expected that the temperature setting of DCs will be able to be raised, thus
achieving reductions in power consumption. Below are examples of
high-temperature servers.
With container-type systems, it is possible to change the temperature setting for
each individual unit, and so high-temperature equipment could be housed
separately from other equipment.
(3) Other (virtualization, control, etc.)
1) Introduction of virtualization technology
Virtualization technology is the virtual creation of multiple servers on a single
physical server. Recently, the technology has also been used by businesses.
According to the FY2012 Communications Usage Trend Survey, the percentage of
businesses that answered that they were using cloud services in at least some
business divisions had risen to 28.2%, 6.6 points up from 21.6% at the end of 2011.
Since systems can be aggregated, it is possible to achieve an improvement in the
utilization rate of physical servers, and as a consequence of this, a decrease in
power consumption and a decrease in the cooling load due to a reduction in the
number of physical servers.
2) Introduction of facilities software control
By introducing a centralized control system for IT equipment, air conditioning and
other components, which was developed by IIJ as part of the Project for the
Development of Software-Controlled Cloud System Technology—a project under
Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry FY2013 subsidies for business
expenditure in the practical development of industrial technologies—even further
energy conservation is expected to be achieved.
4-8
4.2 Survey on the usage needs of government and private-sector
corporations
The Lao government and private-sector corporations in Laos were surveyed about their
needs for IT services.
4.2.1 Usage needs survey (in cooperation with Laos Smart Green IT
Project Committee)
The Department of Information Technology within the Ministry of Science and
Technology surveyed each of the government organizations targeted in the Project
as well as the number of personnel under their respective control.
4.2.2 Evaluation of service categories
(1) IT services for government
Based on the plan promoting the use if IT services, which was formulated by the
Ministry of Science and Technology’s Department of Information Technology, two IT
services for government were provisionally defined: (1) email services, and
(2) storage services.
(2) Evaluation of services for the private sector
With regard to IT services for the private sector, consideration was given to the
“email services” and “storage services” defined for the IT services for government.
Readily available data was aggregated for 16 companies which had been selected
from a broad range of industries from among the companies in Laos subject to the
needs survey. This data was used to assess the current usage situation and to
evaluate needs.
Breakdown of relevant companies:
5 IT-related companies, 2 trading firms, 3 banks, 1 insurance company,
2 retailers, 1 manufacturer, 2 hotels
Breakdown of capital funding:
70% domestic capital, 30% foreign capital
① Summary of interview results
The table below shows the results of the current forms of systems used for email, file
4-9
sharing and web servers, classified by the number of employees. With respect to
email services, the current situation is that the majority utilize the services of IT
vendors in places like Thailand and Vietnam.
Table 4.2-1 Summary of interview results
Number of employees
Number of companies interviewed
Email File Sharing Web Server
Clo
ud
On
-pre
mis
e
No
t used
Clo
ud
On
-pre
mis
e
No
t used
Clo
ud
On
-pre
mis
e
No
t used
Less than 49 6 4 2 0 0 5 1 5 1 0
50–99 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0
100–199 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
200–299 5 3 2 0 0 4 1 5 0 0
300 or more 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0
Total 16 9 7 0 0 14 2 13 3 0
4.3 Evaluation of services provided
Based on the results of surveys on various trends in Laos, we evaluated the services to
be provided through the Project.
4.3.1 Basic surveys on Laos
(1) Survey on the Internet
The Internet penetration rate in Laos is 12.50% (end of 2012), and viewed on an
international comparison, Laos ranks 164th out of 209 countries. The Internet has
shown strong growth since 2007, and is expected to continue spreading. As for the
penetration rate for mobile phones, not all people own mobile phones, but some
people own multiple prepaid SIM cards, and so this has resulted in a high penetration
rate for mobile phones. Furthermore, although 3G has been established, the number
of subscribers is low, at about 320,000 or 4.8% of all mobile phones.
4-10
Table 4.3-1 Basic data on the Internet
Item Data
1) Internet 810,000 people (2012)
Penetration rate 12.50% (2012)
2) Broadband 93,000 people (2012)
Penetration rate 1.5% (2012)
3) Mobile phones 6,490,000 people (2012)
Penetration rate 101.9% (2012)
4) Size of IT market USD 150 million (2012)
5) Number of ICT-related
enterprises
200 (2010)
6) IT personnel 4,000 (2010)
(2) Survey on Internet connections
We interviewed four major carriers about the Project with respect to the Internet
connection necessary for a DC project. We then performed a cost comparison of
cabling costs and monthly fees.
Table 4.3-2 Comparison of Internet connections in Laos
Carrier Company A Company B Company C Company D
Cabling
cost JPY 100,000 JPY 50,000 JPY 40,000 No tariff
Monthly
fee / line JPY 1,210,000 JPY 910,000 JPY 1,820,000 No tariff
Additional
information
Conversion rate: LAK 800,000 = JPY 10,000 (2014.11.30)
Conditions for cabling cost are redundancy configuration and within
Vientiane city
In addition to LANIC IIX, all four companies interviewed above also have
their own IIX.
Some carriers only use LANIC IIX.
4-11
(3) International comparison of costs for Internet connections
At present, the price of Internet connections are higher in Laos than in other
countries.
Table 4.3-3 International comparison of costs for Internet connections
Country Laos Thailand Singapore Japan
Cabling cost USD 1,000 USD 1,300 USD 1,000 USD 1,000
Monthly fee USD 12,000 USD 7,000 USD 8,000 USD 10,000
(4) Survey on electricity rates
We interviewed the state-owned power company about the Project with respect to the
electricity rates necessary for a DC project. We then conducted a cost study.
Table 4.3-4 Electricity rates in Laos
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017
Price for
government JPY 10.30 JPY 10.51 JPY 10.72 JPY 10.94
Price for
private-sector
corporations
JPY 13.11 JPY 13.38 JPY 13.64 JPY 13.92
Price for factories
and plants JPY 9.28 JPY 9.47 JPY 9.66 JPY 9.85
Notes
Conversion rate: LAK 7,909 = JPY 100 (referenced
2014.5.30)
The above unit prices are the price per 1Kwh
The applicable price is determined according to the business
scheme and details.
The same prices apply to both the Vientiane area and the
Savannakhet area.
4-12
(5) International comparison of electricity rates
At present, Laos has an advantage over other countries in terms of electricity rates.
However, its competitive edge will change due to its future upward-trending prices.
Table 4.3-5 International comparison of electricity rates
Country Laos Thailand Singapore Japan
Electricit
y rate
USD 99.5
(rate for
government
organizations)
USD 194
(peak rate for
private sector)
USD 113.6
(off-peak rate
for private
sector)
* An additional
basic monthly
charge is also
payable
USD 103.5
(rate for
government
organizations)
USD 138.4
(rate for private
sector)
USD 147.5
(summer rate for
private sector)
4.3.2 Survey of land and real estate markets
(1) Average unit land prices in Vientiane and Savannakhet
Based on interviews with local businesses, we tentatively calculated the unit prices
of land on which to construct a DC.
Table 4.3-6 Unit land prices
Area Average unit price
Vientiane USD 10,000 / m
2 (central commercial district)
USD 7,000 / m2 (government facilities district)
Savannakhet USD 1,500 / m2
4-13
(2) Real estate market data
We interviewed local real estate agencies about the costs of renting office spaces in
Vientiane. Office leases are characterized by a broad price range depending on the
area and property.
Table 4.3-7 Real estate properties (examples)
Location of property Price
In Vientiane city
Near ITEC USD 4,000 / month
In Vientiane city
Near PIZZA COMPANY USD 3,000 / month
About 2km from central
Vientiane USD 2,000 / month
In Vientiane city
Near government facilities USD 6,800 / month
In Vientiane city
Near government facilities
USD 1,800 / month
2,500 m2
Vientiane
Near Wattay Airport
USD 2,500 / month
4,000 m2
4.3.3 Laos market research
(1) Survey on IT personnel
We conducted research on IT-related personnel expenses with respect to the Project
and interviews with local recruitment agencies. It should be noted that the legal
minimum wage in Laos is USD 78 (approximately JPY 9,300, as of January 2015).
4-14
Table 4.3-8 Monthly salaries of IT personnel (per person, per month)
(Unit: JPY)
Category Junior
(25 years old on average)
Senior
(30 years old on average)
Programming 19,000 36,000
Networking 23,000 46,000
Database Admin 26,000 56,000
HW & SW Support 22,000 36,000
Graphic Designer 30,000 42,000
Web Design 32,000 41,000
Others 19,000 36,000
(2) Other market data
Studies of economic indicators and other general market data for Laos are listed below.
These were referred to in evaluating the feasibility of the Project.
1) Domestic economy (growth rate and economic structure)
Laos has maintained a high economic growth rate, achieving average real annual
growth of at least 8% since 2010. Growth in the industry sector has been
outstanding.
2) Domestic economy (inflation rate)
The inflation rate has remained in single digits since 2003, and is expected to stay
stable.
3) Domestic economy (shift in the current budget)
The budget deficit is widening as expenditure increases. Currently, efforts are being
strengthened to control annual expenditure and increase annual revenue.
4) Trade (shift in imports and exports)
Exports have roughly tripled in the past eight years since 2005, whereas imports
4-15
have grown by a factor of about 3.5.
(Figures for 2013/14 are nine-month statistics.)
5) Foreign direct investment (FDI)
Although China, Thailand and Vietnam account for the majority of investment in
Laos, the amount of investment from Japan has also been increasing in recent
years.
6) Expansion of Japanese-owned enterprises
The total number of Japanese-owned businesses making inroads into Laos was
basically flat for the five years leading up to 2012. Since then, in the one-year period
to 2013, the number increased by half, and has continued to rise again in 2014.
7) Development of road infrastructure
Laos borders five different countries, and has the potential to become a hub of
distribution in the inland area of the Mekong Delta. The distribution of goods in
inland Indochina is also expected to increase in activity as a consequence of the
2015 ASEAN economic integration. In addition, a meeting on the East-West
Economic Corridor is held every year, attended by the vice ministers of foreign
affairs from Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar, with discussions being held on
the future development of road networks. The East-West Economic Corridor (Route
9) is an important arterial road connecting Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar.
8) Demographics
Laos’ population structure shows a high proportion of younger age groups relative,
not only to developed countries, but also to its neighboring countries. Its future
working population is also on the rise.
9) Urban population
Following its economic development of recent years, Laos also appears to
becoming more and more urbanized.
4-16
4.3.4 Survey of local system integrators (SIs)
As part of the Project, SI vendors were surveyed to act as local maintenance
partners in Laos. Three firms located in Vientiane were selected and compared.
Table 4.3-9 Comparison of local SI vendors
Company
name Company A Company B Company C
Business type General corporate and
consumer SI services,
hosting, training
center
General corporate SI
services
General corporate SI
services
Number of
engineers
20 7 5
Onsite Yes Yes Yes
SendBack Yes Yes Yes
English
support
Yes Yes No
Thai support Yes Yes, but with
conditions
Yes, but with
conditions
4.3.5 Challenges for commercialization
There are two issues for commercialization: incorporation and acquisition of business
licenses. In this study, we made inquiries with the relevant ministries and agencies about
each of these issues, and clarified the relevant processes.
(1) Company registration
In general, registration is possible with 100% foreign capital (minimum capital: at
least 100 million kip). However, it is not possible to get an accurate response without
details such as the business description, size and business plan. There also seems
to be cases where decisions are made at the discretion of the competent ministry or
agency. Company registration follows the same procedure whether the company is
a government joint venture, private-sector joint venture or 100% foreign ownership.
4-17
(1) Submit necessary documents for registration to the Ministry of Industry and
Commerce.
(2) The Ministry of Industry and Commerce applies to the Ministry of Posts and
Telecommunications or to the Ministry of Science and Technology (responsible
department).
(3) If reviewed and approved, register is issued by the Ministry of Industry and
Commerce.
(2) Business licenses
For projects that require a communications license or application for a business
license to provide IT services, separate approval will again be required from each of
the relevant ministries or agencies (Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications).
Currently, there are no strict restrictions on foreign ownership in this area, and so
depending on the business details, decisions on licenses will be made after
consultation with and approval by the relevant ministry or agency.
4.3.6 Technical issues in adopting container-type data centers
(1) Behavior of container-type DCs in an environment of high temperature and
high humidity
Unlike Japan, high temperatures and high humidity continue all year round in Laos.
Although we have confirmed on paper that, even under these conditions, energy
conservation can be achieved, since we have no actual operational results, the
energy-conservation performance needs to be verified by operating in an actual
environment all year round (for at least one year).
4-18
Table 4.3-10 Temperature and humidity data from
Tokyo, Vientiane and Savannakhet (2013)
(2) Behavior in a situation where electricity supply is considered unstable
Electricity supply in Laos is more stable compared to neighboring countries, but
compared to Japan, there are still unstable aspects, such as frequent momentary
interruptions of power caused by lightning strikes. Data is unavailable which
quantitatively shows the degree of instability, and so it needs to be verified in an
actual environment whether generators, UPS and other electrical equipment can
operate stably.
Laos is made up of four separate power networks: Northern, Central 1, Central 2
and Southern. In order to improve reliability, two locations belonging to two different
power networks have been identified as candidate sites to set up DCs. Vientiane is
located in Central 1 and Savannakhet in Central 2. Consideration needs to be given,
through verification, whether equipment configuration ought to be changed to match
the characteristics of each power network.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
J…
F…
M…
A…
M…
J…
J…
A…
S…
O…
N…
D…
Vientiane (H)
Vientiane (L)
Savannakhet (H)
Savannakhet (L)
Tokyo (H)
Tokyo (L)
Temperature (°C)
Month
4-19
4.4 Evaluation of appropriate locations for establishing DCs
In this Study, we conducted a field survey in Laos, and evaluated appropriate locations for
establishing DCs.
4.4.1 Survey of transportation routes
We confirmed that there are no problems in transporting by trucks and trailers.
4.4.2 Construction plan and management
(1) Construction plan
Producing the container-type DCs will require about half a year. After local handover,
it is anticipated that installation and adjustment will take about one month before
operations start up.
(2) Operations management
DC operations can be viewed divided into three broad layers. Each layer is regarded
as having aspects that can be handled locally and aspects that will require remote
support from Japan. The following describes each category and the roles and
operational scheme currently being considered.
(3) Verification of introduced technologies in “high-efficiency container-type
DCs”
1) Analysis and assessment of current DCs in Laos (case example in Laos)
As of January 2015, we have not been able to confirm that there are any commercial
DCs in Laos. It appears that, at many companies, IT equipment is installed in part of
the office.
2) Comparison of CO2 emissions against conventional building-type DCs (case
examples in other countries)
Assuming power consumed by IT equipment is the same, then the smaller the PUE,
the fewer the CO2 emissions. We therefore surveyed examples of the PUE of
conventional building-type DCs in other countries.
4-20
3) Establishment of methods for calculating reference emissions and project emissions
Reference PUE has been calculated as 2.0 and project PUE as 1.24, as per F.
Establishment and selection of reference emissions and G. Calculation of project
emissions in Chapter 5.
4) Calculation of the reduction effect based on the above calculation method
The annual reduction effect can be tentatively calculated as 7,414.004 tCO2, as per
5.4 Estimating the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
5-1
Development of MRV Methodology and Estimation Chapter 5
of GHG reductions
After the study on methodology suitable and applicable to container-type data centers in
Laos, will determine the required data and estimate the GHG reduction effect using this
methodology. Specifically,
- Examination of eligibility requirements that take advantage of high efficiency
container-type data center characteristics.
- Examination of simple and accurate monitoring methods and systems.
- Collection and estimation of data required for calculation of reference emissions and
project emissions.
- Creation of draft methodology and estimation of GHG reductions using the methodology.
5.1 Development approach of the MRV methodology
There are following two for existing approved MRV methodology having high correlation
for main investigation, but there is not the adaptation achievement to the project which is
concrete as for which methodology, and it is indicated that an action is the field that it is
difficult with the existing institution.
(1) J-credit institution methodology EN-S-031 (ver1.0) "update of the server arrangement"
http://japancredit.go.jp/pdf/methodology/EN-S-031.pdf
(2) CDM methodology AM0105 (Version 1.0.0) "Energy efficiency in data centres through
dynamic power management" (energy efficiency in data center (DC) through the dynamic
elecric power management)
http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/H3S7N04OCDEG8MJXP5ZLB2TAY96FQ
K
The description of the all quarters argumental content of the doctrine of Buddhism is
shown below.
(1) EN-S-031 (ver1.0) "update of the server arrangement"
5-2
Target
activity
I intend for an emission reduction activity to reduce electric power used
amount by updating it to server facility of the electric power saving.
Applied
condition
When all of next conditions are met, it can be applied.
Condition 1 update it to server facility of the electric power saving than server
facility before the project enforcement.
When it is less than it
-a condition is not met.
1 When there are not 9312, information of the facility before the update
2 When facility before the update cannot be used by 9313, a fault or
deterioration continuously or when double of the statutory useful life is
exceeded from introduction even if available continuously
In addition, condition 1 will not be met when the purpose of use of the
server is performed a change (the cases that operating time increases with
a change of the modi operandi of the server are included in the change of
the purpose of use) of in approximately project enforcement either.
It is electric power used amount in the server facility before the project
enforcement and the thing that, as a general rule, one-year accumulated
value before the project enforcement can grasp about operating time
condition 2.
When it is less than it →, I am recognized.
When the fluctuation of the electricity usage unit requirement can show few
things by sampling data reasonably through the year, it may be grasped by
the accumulated value data during the shorter period.
Base line
amount of
emission
The base line discharge does operating time after the project enforcement
and equal time with the CO2 amount of emission that is assumed when the
server facility of the base line is operated.
TBL = TPJ
Parameter Definition Unit
TBL Operating time of the server facility of the base line
h / year
TPJ Operating time of the server facility after the project enforcement
h / year
5-3
Base line amount of emission calculation type
EMBL = TBL * BUBL * CEFelectricity,t
where:
BUBL = ELbefore / Tbefore
Parameter Definition Unit
EMBL Amount of emission of the base line tCO2 / year
TBL Operating time of the server facility of the base line
h / year
BUBL Electricity usage unit requirement of the server facility of the base line
kWh /h
CEFelectricity,t CO2 emission factor of the electric power tCO2 /kWh
ELbefore Electric power used amount in the server facility before the project enforcement
kWh / year
Tbefore Operating time of the server facility before the project enforcement
h / year
TPJ Operating time of the server facility after the project enforcement
h / year
It is amount
of emission
after project
enforcemen
t
EMPJ = ELPJ * CEFelectricity,t
Parameter Definition Unit
EMPJ It is amount of emission after project enforcement
tCO2 / year
ELPJ Electric power used amount in the server facility after the project enforcement
kWh / year
CEFelectricity,t CO2 emission factor of the electric power
tCO2 /kWh
Calculation
of the
quantity of
emission
reduction
ER = EMBL - EMPJ
Parameter Definition Unit
ER Quantity of emission reduction tCO2 / year
EMBL Base line amount of emission tCO2 / year
EMPJ It is amount of emission after project
enforcement
tCO2 / year
5-4
Monitoring 1) Project active mass
Monitoring item Remarks
TPJ Operating time in the server arrangement after the project enforcement (h / year)
・ It is calculated based on an operation record
・ It is totaled in a target period
ELPJ Electric power used amount (kWh / year) in the server facility after the project enforcement
・ It is calculated based on the bill from the electric power company
・ Instrumentation with the wattmeter
・ It is totaled in a target period
Tbefore Operating time of the server arrangement before the project enforcement (h / year)
・ It is calculated based on an operation record
・ [request frequency] total the results more than principle, project initiation most recent one year
ELbefore Electric power used amount (kWh / year) in the server facility before the project enforcement
・ It is calculated based on the bill from the electric power company
・ Instrumentation with the wattmeter
・ [request frequency] total the results more than principle, project initiation most recent one year
2)Various coefficients
Monitoring item Remarks
CEFelectricity,t Quantity of CO2 emission factor of the electric power (tCO2 /kWh)
・ Use of default value ・ Based on the application
from a project enforcer, all power supply CO2 emission factor is applied
・ [request frequency] apply the latest thing to a verification newborn baby
Validation
test method
Confirmation of meeting condition 1 *Data (specification form) which understand facility description of the server facility after the project enforcement *Data (specification form) which know facility description or age of service of the server facility before the project enforcement *The data which know the use plan of the server after the operational record of the server before the project enforcement and the project enforcement Confirmation of meeting condition 2
*Electric power used amount before project enforcement of one year and
operating time
5-5
(2) AM0105 (Version 1.0.0) "Energy efficiency in data centres through dynamic power
management" (energy efficiency in the DC through the dynamic elecric power management)
Target
activity
A server load in the existing DC and electricity consumption optimization
system (Dynamic Power Management: I am applied to an electricity
consumption reduction activity of the existing DC using DPM).
Applied
condition
When I am accompanied by new equipment introduction, for reduction of the
electricity consumption due to high efficiency is excluded. In the next
condition, the methodology concerned can be applied.
(a) The project activities are carried out in DC, and which function of the hand
regulation of the use mode of the server to reduce 1 DPM system, system
regulating server capacity depending on 2 electricity demand, 3 electricity
consumption before project enforcement do not be equipped with.
(b) TOE (Turn-off-events:) must be distributed between all servers in project
boundary based on only the use of the server and the operation of the
DPM system at the time when a server becomes completely off by the
introduction of the DPM system.
(c) It is necessary for the applied condition established in "the emission factor
calculation tool of the electric power system" and "a compound tool for the
identification of the base line scenario and addition-related credential" to
meet a CDM tool.
(d) When the persuasive (most plausible) base line scenario is "the
continuation of the present Always On model" (the situation that a server
is operated with a constant mode regardless of demand for 24 hours a
day).
5-6
Identificatio
n of the
base line
scenario
The base line amount of emission becomes a target of the base argumental
content of the doctrine of Buddhism only when follows are examined as a
substitute scenario, and a base line scenario is judged with "the continuation
of the Always On model (the situation that a server is operated with a
constant mode regardless of demand for 24 hours a day) of the (e) present
conditions" by "a compound tool for the identification of the base line scenario
and addition-related credential".
(a) DPM system introduction project is carried out without CDM
(b) DPM system introduction project is carried out without CDM in the future
(c) The technique except the DPM system is adopted, and the server load of
the DC is managed
(d) Manual operation adjusts a server load by turning off the electric power
supply of the server in a specific time zone (the night) and a specific
season
(e) Continuation of the present Always On model
Addition-rel
ated
credential
Addition characteristics are proved based on "a compound tool for the
identification of the base line scenario and addition-related proof".
・ A thing for all DC that are comparable in the examination of First of its
kind (have never met you with the kind) in the distributor road concerned.
・ In the examination of the barrier analysis, provide reliable grounds about
follows.
(a) A plan of the approach to the insurance company for the purpose of
the risk cover when DPM system introduction project is performed
without CDM.
(b) Estimation of the financial loss with the risk by the project
enforcement barrier without the CDM
(c) Premium (based on the claim of the insurance company) necessary
for risk filling
・ In the examination of the investment analysis, take a cost shaving with
the electricity consumption reduction into consideration.
・ In the examination of the common practice analysis, investigate it
whether Always On model is used by local other DC (including the local
DC more than 10 concerned) concerned in the past, the present.
5-7
Base line
amount of
emission
Discharge with electricity consumption with the operation of the server and
the electricity consumption with the use of air conditioner in the server facility
is included in base line amount of emission.
COPEFECBE yELyBLy
11,,
Parameter Definition Unit
BEy Base line amount of emission tCO2 / year
ECBL,y Electricity consumption in idle mode MWh / year
EFEL,y CO2 amount of emission with the electricity consumption
tCO2 /MWh
COP In the case of conservative air conditioner COP, a vapor compression cooling system, it is 1/COP=0 other than COP = 6, it
-
The current consumption of each server is multiplied by it in each annual TOE
time, and electricity consumption when there is not DPM system is calculated.
1000
)( ,,,,
,
i
yioffyiidle
yyBL
OHPR
DFEC
Parameter Definition Unit
ECBL,y Electricity consumption in idle mode MWh /
year
PRidle,i,y Power capacity necessary for the use of the existing and substitute server in idle mode
kW
OHoff,i,y The total TOE time for existing and substitute server (except the time when a server stops by maintenance, permutation, electric outage)
h / year
DFy Discount factor Ratio※
There is the
indication of the
5-8
setting requireme
nt of PRidle,i,y.
y
yidlePJ
idleBL
y MSOH
OHDF
11,min
max,,,
max,,
Parameter Definition Unit
DFy Discount factor Ratio
OHBL,idle,max,y idle mode time for standard server before the project enforcement
h / year
OHPJ,idle,max,y idle mode or off mode time for standard server after the project enforcement
h / year
MSy Penetration ratio of the DPM system Ratio
It is amount
of emission
after project
enforcemen
t
Discharge with the electricity consumption in accumulation TOE of all existing
servers that and it was substituted after the project enforcement is included in
base line amount of emission.
)1
1(,,COP
EFECPE yELyoffy
Parameter Definition Unit
PEy Project amount of emission tCO2 / year
ECoff,y Electricity consumption in off mode MWh / year
EFEL,y CO2 amount of emission with the electricity consumption
tCO2 /MWh
COP In the case of conservative air conditioner COP, a vapor compression cooling system, it is 1/COP=0 other than COP = 6, it
-
1000
)( ,,,,
,
yioff
i
yioff
yoff
OHPR
EC
Parameter Definition Unit
ECoff,y Electricity consumption in Off mode MWh /
year
PRoff,i,y Power capacity necessary for the use of the existing and substitute server in Off mode
kW
OHoff,i,y The total TOE time for existing and substitute server.(except the time when a server stops by maintenance, permutation, electric outage)
h / year ※There is
the indication of setting,
the adjustment
5-9
requirement of
PRoff,i,y.
Calculation
of the
quantity of
emission
reduction
ER = BEy – PEy
Parameter Definition Unit
ER Quantity of emission reduction tCO2 / year
BEy Base line amount of emission tCO2 / year
PEy It is amount of emission after project
enforcement
tCO2 / year
It suffers from both methodology a premise ahead of implementation that existing server
facility does presence (operation), and the project to found DC like main investigation
becomes inapplicable.
I pay the attention only to energy consumption of the IT equipment, and basics concept is
different from this business to plan power saving efficiency improvement of the whole DC in
the calculation of the amount of emission, but refers to the logic of such an existing
methodology to put the introduction of the high performance IT equipment in field of view
with the efficiency of the whole DC.
By the main investigation, development of the methodology that is applicable to the level
that can be recognized globally and main investigation and the GHG reduction effect are
calculated with reference to these existing methodologies.
5.2 Development of the JCM methodology
In this clause, outline about a construction of the MRV methodology to think to deserve an
5-10
application of the main investigation and each section is performed along latest JCM
Proposed Methodology Form of JCM guidelines.
Cover sheet of the suggestion methodology form
Description of the suggestion methodology to submit it to
Host country The Lao People's Democratic Republic
Methodology proponent name submitting
this book
Toyota Tsusho Corporation
Internet initiative Co., Ltd.
The sector range that suggestion
methodology applies
3. Energy need (Energy demand)
A title of the suggestion methodology and
version number
Methodology - Ver-0.0 for energy saving
business by the construction of the high
performance container type data center (DC) in
Laos
A list of documents attached to this book
(checking it):Attached draft JCM-PDD:
Additional information
Completion date 03/2015
It is "methodology for energy saving business by the constructions of the high
performance container type data center (DC) in Laos", and the base argumental content of
the doctrine of Buddhism plans GHG abatement of emission because demand for promotes
energy saving of the side. I was developed as Toyota Tsusho Corporation, a common
enterprise of the Internet initiative Co., Ltd., and Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley securities
Co., Ltd. supported the draft. History of the suggestion methodology
Version Date Modified history
A. Title of the methodology
Methodology for energy saving business by the construction of the high performance container type
data center (DC) in Laos
B. Vocabulary and definition
5-11
Vocabulary Definition
Container type DC In a container for the transportation of the ISO standard, it
is the DC that incorporated a server rack, a power supply,
communication electric wiring, an air conditioner, fire
extinguishing equipment. During initial investment less
than conventional DC, a short construction period, I have a
space-saving, high air conditioning efficiency, a
characteristic to be movable.
PUE PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) is an index mark
expressing electricity usage efficiency of the DC and is
calculated by the following expressions.
Consumption power of the consumption power /IT
equipment of the whole expression) PUE = DC
Ambient air cooling air
conditioning system
Fresh air is used as a cold source, and, without the
operation such as refrigerators, perform cooling to meet
DC recommendation conditions of temperature.
Remote management system The system which measures temperature-humidity, power
consumption in the container type DC, and controls the
equipment such as air conditioning or the electric
installation.
DC recommendation
conditions of temperature
The temperature that IT equipment in the DC works without
a hang-up.
C. Description of the methodology
Item Description
Instrumentation of the quantity
of GHG emission reduction
Reduction of the GHG amount of emission with the reduction of
the electricity consumption by the introduction of the high
performance container type DC is measured.
Calculation of the reference
amount of emission
By ratio of the efficiency (PUE level) of a reference scenario
and the project scenario, drawback crosses emission factor of
the grid electric power in done electricity consumption, and
the calculation of the reference amount of emission calculates
it for measured value of the electric power used amount after
5-12
the project introduction.
Calculation of the project
amount of emission
The calculation of the amount of emission based on the electricity
consumption by the project crosses emission factor of the grid
electric power to electric power used amount to be targeted for
monitoring and calculates it.
Monitoring parameter Electricity consumption by the project DC
Efficiency (PUE level of the container type DC) of the project DC
Efficiency (PUE level of the reference type DC) of the reference
DC
The monitoring parameter of the main investigation calculates project discharge based on
measured value of 1 with power consumption by the 2 project DC, efficiency (PUE level of
the container type DC) of the 3 project DC, three of the efficiency (PUE level of the reference
type DC) of the 1 reference DC and arrives at reference discharge because drawback does
reference electric power used amount by percentage of 2 and 3.
It thinks that it is constituted the logic modifying the adequacy of the index (PUE level) to
express DC efficiency and the default value setting of the reference to become a target of
the argument in the approval process of the base argumental content of the doctrine of
Buddhism. With this book, international positioning of PUE is mentioned later, and the
adequacy is mentioned, and a setting technique of the default PUE value of the reference
type DC is spoken.
D. Competent requirement
The base argumental content of the doctrine of Buddhism is applicable to a project to
satisfy all the following requirements.
Competent
requirement 1
Being high performance, a project to build high airtight container type DC
newly.
Competent
requirement 2
Adopting air-conditioning system of the ambient air cooling method.
Competent
requirement 3
Adopting a formula to introduce a remote management system, and to
plan stable use of the DC, and to reduce an energy loss by the
maintenance.
Competent
requirement 4
Adopting IT/ air conditioning built-in module.
5-13
The base argumental content of the doctrine of Buddhism sets the competent requirement
that should satisfy four. It is built newly, and the container-shaped DC to build by business is
not repair and a change of the existing facility. In addition, it is demanded that it is business
to realize power saving by adopting the introduction of introduction and the remote
management system of the air-conditioning system of the ambient air cooling method, IT/ air
conditioning built-in module.
E. Emission source and GHG type
Reference discharge
Emission source GHG type
Energy consumption in the reference DC CO2
Project discharge
Emission source GHG type
Energy consumption in the project DC CO2
F. The foundation and calculation of the reference amount of emission
F.1.The foundation of the reference amount of emission
Emission factor of the grid electric power is crossed, and, as for the reference amount of emission, it
is calculated drawback by ratio of the efficiency of a reference scenario and the project scenario for
measured value of the electric power used amount after the project introduction by done electricity
consumption.
In the base argumental content of the doctrine of Buddhism, the PUE value that is the index that
expressed use of electric power efficiency of the spreading DC globally most that American trade
group The Green Grid Association announced is adopted as efficiency of each DC of the project /
reference.
The efficiency in the reference scenario (DC of the building type) does more conservative numeric
value (2.0) with default value in consideration of the effect of the investigation performed in
Singapore having weather condition like Laos.12
The PUE level of the facility introduced by main investigation compares the subsequent calculation
effect based on the observed value with the theoretical value (1.24) and, in consideration of
1 Data Centre Energy Efficiency Benchmarking, National Environment Agency (NEA)As for the IT exploitation for
information economization in the Asian field, it is support project report, corporate judicial person electronic intelligence Engineering Industries Association in 2010
2 2010 fiscal IT utilization, etc. support business report for the knowledge economy in Asia, Japan Electronics and
Information Technology Industries Association
5-14
maintainability, adopts inefficient (the PUE level high) value.
The setting technique of the PUE level is shown below.
1. Determination of reference PUE level
a) 2.0 is adopted as default value.
2. Determination of project PUE level
a) Before project enforcement, quantity of GHG emission reduction is calculated as a test using
theoretical value 1.24 of the container type DC to intend for by main investigation.
b) After project enforcement, a PUE level of the JCM project is calculated based on location survey
data.
c) a), b) are compared, and a high price is assumed a project PUE level.
F.2.Calculation of the reference amount of emission (1)
elec
REF
PJn
i
piPJp EFECRE
1
,,
Here
REp REp = Reference amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
ECPJ,i,p ECPJ,i,p = Electric power used amount [MWh /p] during p period in DCi
n n = Amount [dimensionless] of the container type DC measured with a
wattmeter
i i = Index of the container type DC individual
PJ PJ = Energy efficiency [dimensionless] of the project DC3
REF REF = Energy efficiency [dimensionless] of the reference DC4
EFelec EFelec = Grid electric power CO2 emission factor [tCO2 /MWh]
Emission factor of the grid electric power is crossed, and, as for the reference amount of
emission, it is calculated drawback by ratio of the efficiency (PUE level) of a reference
scenario and the project scenario for measured value of the electric power used amount
after the project introduction by done electricity consumption.
3 PUE level of the project DC to prescribe to Section F1
4 PUE level of the reference DC to prescribe to Section F1
5-15
G. Calculation of the project amount of emission(2)
elec
n
1ip,i,PJp EFECPE
Here
PEp = Project amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
ECPJ,i,p = Electric power used amount [MWh /p] during p period in DCi
EFelec = Grid electric power CO2 emission factor [tCO2 /MWh]
H. Calculation of the quantity of emission reduction
ppp PEREER (3)
Here
ERp = Quantity of emission reduction [tCO2 /p] in the p period
REp = Reference amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
PEp = Project amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
I. Data established beforehand and parameter
Each data which should be established beforehand and parameter sources are listed
below.
Parameter Explanation of data Source of release
PJ Energy efficiency of the project DC
REF Energy efficiency of the reference DC
EFelec Grid electric power CO2 emission factor
When, in a project site, private power generation does not exist; emission factor [EFgrid] of the latest Laotian country power network [EFcaptive] to decide in subsequent monitoring period when private power generation is enabled during a validation period
[EFgrid] Water Resources and Environment Administration of Lao (WREA), DNA for CDM unless otherwise instructed by the Joint Committee. [EFcaptive] CDM approved small scale methodology:AMS-I.A
5-16
When private power generation exists in a project site, [EFcaptive] is chosen conservatively and is decided in subsequent monitoring period EFelec = min(EFgrid, EFcaptive) EFcaptive = 0.576 tCO2 /MWh*
n Amount of the container type DC measured
with a wattmeter
It is decided by a project
proponent
5.3 Adequacy verification of the efficiency index
By the methodology concerned, PUE is adopted for an index indicating the efficiency of
the DC. Here, the adequacy as the efficiency index to use by the JCM methodology of the
PUE level is inspected.
Energy efficiency of the DC is proposed as an index to measure in 2008 by an American
engineer, and PUE is used as the now energy-saving degree, an index indicating the energy
efficiency performance widely. The copyright of PUE is maintained by The Green Grid
Association which is global trade group promoting energy saving of the DC.5
In a medium determining International Standard in conjunction with the DC, there are the
International Organization for Standardization (International Organization for
Standardization) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (International
Electotechnical Commission:IEC), and the first combination technical committee (Joint
Technical Committee 1: JTC1) starts as a collaboration body of both.
DC reference standard during drafting examination is summarized in table 6.3-1 as a KP
candidate of the ISO now.PUE is going to be authorized for an index indicating the energy
efficiency of the DC by an international standard to understand it here and thinks that there
is adequacy in what is used for GHG emission reduction quantity calculation of the JCM
methodology.
Table 5.3-1 The international standard candidate who is sent on JTC1 ISO world
examination by the 1SC39 section
30131 Resource Efficient Data Centres (definition of the data center resource efficiency)
30133 Information Technology -Data Centres- Guidelines for Resource Efficient Data Centre (guide
of the data center resource efficiency)
5 IT frontier May, 2014 issue, pp14-17, "Japanese contribution - to international standardization - international standard
development of the special feature "contribution data center energy conservation barometer" to green IT"
5-17
30134-1
Information Technology -Data Centres- Key Performance Indicators Part 1 Overview and
General Requirements (a contour and requirement to examine data center resource
efficiency):
30134-2 Information Technology -Data Centres- Key Performance Indicators Part 2 Power Usage
Effectiveness (PUE) (ISO international standard PUE index):
*As for the number, 30134-n consecutive numbers, Part n are dumped in reference number, new KPI.
Source: IT frontier May, 2014 issue, Japanese contribution - to the international standardization - international standard
development of the pp17, “ special feature "contribution data center energy saving index to green IT"
If it is the value that divided aggregate consumption electric energy of the DC by
aggregate consumption electric energy of the IT apparatus, and configuration and electric
system, air conditioning of the building, power consumption except the IT apparatus
including the illumination are promoted efficiency of, PUE converges to maximum efficiency
value and done "1".The PUE level of the general DC is said to be around 3.0 from 2.0, and
bad DC of the energy efficiency more than 3.0 exists much.
There is no presence of the DC that is a high level and, in Laos, is not an arguing stage of
the efficiency now. Therefore, it is asked a lot about the opinion called the valid to still do a
lot of existing 3.0 with default value in the developed country including Japan. However, by
the main investigation, 2.0 was assumed the default value of the reference scenario in
conformity with the concept of the security of the maintainability of JCM based on a PUE
level investigation into existing DC report.
The PUE level referred to an investigation report in Singapore where the weather
condition was near to be greatly influenced by a load of the air conditioning.
5.4 Test calculation of the quantity of GHG emission reduction
Based on the methodology of the foregoing paragraph, the quantity of GHG emission
reduction is calculated as a test. On the occasion of a test calculation, project description to
assume is done as follows.
IT electric power load:40kW per 1 container
The number of the introduction containers:5 containers
A PUE level of the introduction container:1.24
[Project amount of emission](2)
5-18
elec
n
1ip,i,PJp EFECPE
Here
PEp = Project amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
ECPJ,i,p = Electric power used amount [MWh /p] during p period in DCi
EFelec = Grid electric power CO2 emission factor [tCO2 /MWh]
ECPJ,i,p = 40kW x 50 container x 1.24 x 360 x 24 = 21,427.2MWh/p
PEp = 21,427.2 x 0.5764 = 12,506.38tCO2/year
[Reference amount of emission](1)
elec
REF
PJn
1ip,i,PJp EFECRE
Here
REp = Reference amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
ECPJ,i,p = Electric power used amount [MWh /p] during p period in DCi
n = Amount [dimensionless] of the container type DC measured with a
wattmeter
i = Index of the container type DC individual
PJ = Energy efficiency [dimensionless] of the project DC6
REF = Energy efficiency [dimensionless] of the reference DC7
EFelec = Grid electric power CO2 emission factor [tCO2 /MWh]
REp = 21,427.2 x 2.0/1.24 x 0.5764 = 19,920.384tCO2
6 PUE level of the project DC to prescribe to Section F1
7 PUE level of the reference DC to prescribe to Section F1
5-19
ppp PEREER (3)
Here
ERp = Quantity of emission reduction [tCO2 /p] in the p period
REp = Reference amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
PEp = Project amount of emission [tCO2 /p] in the p period
ERp = 19,920.384 - 12,506.38 =7,414.004 tCO2
Year 2016 7,414.004 tCO2 7,414.004 tCO2
Year 2017 7,414.004 tCO2 14,828.008 tCO2
Year 2018 7,414.004 tCO2 22,242.012 tCO2
Year 2019 7,414.004 tCO2 29,656.016 tCO2
Year 2020 7,414.004 tCO2 37,070.02 tCO2
In this way, the quantity of GHG emission reduction with the business operation
concerned is calculated as a test with 37,070.02 tCO2 in 7,414.004 a year tCO2, five years
until 2020.
5.5 Consideration of a simple and accurate monitoring method/structure
A simple and accurate monitoring method/structure was considered and determined as described
below.
5.5.1 Monitoring method
Through constant remote monitoring of the electricity consumption using the remote control
system “co-ISM (co-IZmo Smart Manager)” developed by IIJ for remotely and centrally
managing container-type DCs, we are measuring electricity usage, a parameter necessary for
calculating the emissions from the project. The measured electricity consumption will be saved
in logs until the monitoring period ends.
5.5.2 Monitoring structure
The remote control system co-ISM makes it possible to remotely assess the operation status of
the container-type DCs. IIJ personnel monitor the status 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and
take necessary actions remotely through co-ISM, even if an unforeseen event occurs.
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Analysis of Economic Effects Chapter 6
6.1 Reduction of electricity rates and other operating costs through the
introduction of high-efficiency container-type data centers
We conducted a survey on electricity rates and other operating costs that could be reduced
when introducing a high-efficiency container-type DC.
6.1.1 Comparison of operating costs with building-type data centers
We compared cost aspects between container-type DCs and building-type DCs. ■■■■
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Table 6.1-1 Comparison of operating costs with building-type DCs
No Item Container-type DC Building-type DC
1 PUE ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
2 IT electrical load ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
3 Total load
(item 1 × item 2) ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
4 Unit price of electricity
(kw/h) ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
5
Annual electricity charges
(item 3 × 365 days × 24 hours × item 4)
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6.1.2 Comparison of initial costs with building-type (prefabricated) DCs
In terms of initial expenses, we compared the materials and construction costs for the
building components (not including transportation costs), excluding items such as air
conditioning and electrical equipment. The unit cost per rack was less expensive for
container-type DCs compared to building-type DCs. Assuming the DC was installed in Laos,
local construction costs and the costs for transporting the DC from Japan would need to be
added. However, in regard to the container-type DC envisaged in this Project, there would
be no need for local assembly work or to separately pack each component and material for
transporting. Therefore, even in Laos, it is expected that the cost for a container-type DC
would be less than that for a building-type DC.
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Table 6.1-2 Comparison of initial costs with building-type (prefabricated) DCs
Compared item Container-type Building-type (prefabricated)
Structure
Size ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
Floor space (m2) ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
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Cost ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
Cost per m2 ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
Cost per rack ■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■
Item comparison ■■■■■■■
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6.2 Development of IT-related industries in Laos
When it comes to DCs, it would seem that Laos has the following advantages over
neighboring countries.
(i) Inexpensive electricity
In Laos, hydroelectric power generation is thriving, and is one of the country’s key
export items. As shown in Chapter 6, Laos has an advantage, with electricity prices
cheaper than other countries. Since DCs consume a considerable amount of
electricity, such as for operating IT equipment and for cooling, inexpensive electricity
is a significant advantage for Laos.
(ii) Inexpensive labor force
Although personnel expenses have risen steeply due to development in the ASEAN
region, labor costs in Laos are still comparatively low.
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(iii) Geopolitical advantage
Laos is a landlocked country with no coastline borders. Not being able to use
shipping as a means of transportation was traditionally an obstacle to economic
development, but in the field of information and communications, being landlocked
does not present any major problems. Conversely, being located in virtually the
center of the Mekong region, and having borders with Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
China and Myanmar means that Laos appears naturally placed to serve as a hub in
the field of information and communications.
(iv) Shift from other countries
In recent years, there has been an increasing number of companies launching into
Laos because of the above-mentioned surging labor costs and political and disaster
risks (such as the Thailand floods) in surrounding countries. Furthermore, since the
language in neighboring Thailand is close to Lao, possibilities for creating new
industries will also emerge for Laos, such as the offshore development of software.
Despite having advantages like those above, Laos is lagging in the introduction and
development of the IT field, and it is feared that the gap with neighboring countries in
utilizing IT to stimulate the economy will further widen. Energy conservation container-type
DCs, though, will enable low-cost DC operations, and it is expected that the resultant
provision of inexpensive computer resources will encourage growth in various industries,
including the IT sector.
6.3 Utilizing IT to improve international competitiveness within the region
The above-mentioned National Strategy on Climate Change (NSCC), which was formulated
in 2010, describes mitigation options in seven sectors listed in the table below.
Table 6.3-1 Mitigation options in the National Strategy on Climate Change
Agriculture and
food security
Reducing methane emissions from rice paddies
Reducing methane emissions from enteric fermentation (cow
belches)
Reducing methane emissions from livestock manure
Promoting new technology transfers
Forestry and
land use change
Slash and burn agriculture, off-site burning, forest fires
Including effective mapping and planning
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Examining utilization of carbon markets
Energy and
transport
Rural electrification
Renewable energy
Clean energy
Energy conservation
Low-carbon transport
Improving public awareness for energy conservation
Promoting the development of renewable energy, using CDM or other
flexible mechanisms
Industry Conserving energy during the production process
Reducing wood waste through improvement of furniture
manufacturing techniques and methods
Promoting the use of energy from biomass waste or agricultural
residues
Urban
development
Applying the 3Rs to reduce GHG emissions from solid waste
Improving garbage collection to prevent garbage incineration and
decomposition outdoors
Composting organic contents
Appropriately managing sewage sludge
Developing landfill sites capable of capturing methane gas, and
improving existing landfill sites
Promoting sustainable urban development that integrates waste
management and low-carbon transport
Encouraging the participation of the private sector and international
partners in the reduction of GHG emissions from waste
IGES Market Mechanisms Country Fact Sheet (from the March 2014 version)
http://pub.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/984/attach/cfs_booklet.pdf
By making use of computer resources in container-type DCs, it would also be possible to
reduce greenhouse gases more efficiently in the above sectors. By way of example, in the
energy and transport sector, it would be possible formulate various policies aimed at
realizing a low-carbon society, such as smart cities, smart grids, power management,
EV/PHV promotion and telematics. Examples are shown below.
(i) Smart city infrastructure
In the process of forming a smart city with a view to realizing a low-carbon society,
6-5
by utilizing DCs and cloud services as the basic IT infrastructure of various
measures, a low-carbon society would be achieved.
(ii) Use in smart grids and power management
By promoting related measures utilizing DCs and the cloud, such as power demand
management systems management systems aimed at the efficient management
and trade of electric power, load leveling (staggering of peak usage times) would be
achieved, the environmental load would be reduced, and electricity prices would be
optimized.
(iii) Use in EVs/PHVs and telematics
The current situation in Laos’ balance of trade is that oil imports are bringing
pressure to bear on public finances. Although cars, which account for much of that
oil consumption and are a major cause of CO2 emissions, have been shifting toward
EVs and PHVs in recent years, with unresolved issues relating to their efficient
operation, they have not increased in popularity as a means of transport.
To resolve this issue, related measures will need to be promoted which utilize DCs
as an information management infrastructure for telematics and transportation
systems. Doing so will lead to a reduction in fossil fuels, and in turn, realization of a
low-carbon-emissions society.
(iv) Development of IT human resources
Through operating high-efficiency container-type DCs, it will be possible to nurture
talented people who have knowledge in IT and in the environment.
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Policy Suggestions Chapter 7
[Basic approach]
When considering the possibility of popularizing the technologies and systems that have
been evaluated in Laos and spreading them to other countries, we believe it will be
more effective to suggest them packaged together with policy suggestions for the target
government.
7.1 Investigation of related policies and systems in Laos
In the process of considering policy suggestions, we investigated the IT-related policies
and systems the Lao PDR is currently working on.
7.1.1 Investigation related to IT policy
Within the Lao PDR, the following two ministries have jurisdiction over IT-related
policies: the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Posts and
Telecommunications. At present, IT services are overseen by the Ministry of Science
and Technology and network infrastructure by the Ministry of Posts and
Telecommunications. Thus, because the data center in the project also includes IT
services in its scope, it comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and
Technology. Nevertheless, collaboration between the two ministries is essential.
7.1.2 Investigation related to judicial affairs
The following table lists the laws related to IT and the project.
Table 7.1-1 IT-related laws in Laos
Law name Remarks
Law on Telecommunication (Amended)
(2012)
(According to a Ministry of National
Defense personnel officer,), this law
should be referenced when
addressing information security
issues.
Laos Law Electronic Transactions Prime Minister’s order
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Table 7.1-2 Other related laws
Law name
Decree on the implementation of the investment law (2011)
Investment and Promotion Law (2009)
Law on Electricity (2008)
Law on Electricity _Decree (1997)
Law on Enterprises (2005)
Law on Telecommunication (Amended) (2012)
Law on the Industrial Processing _Decree (1999)
Law on Urban Plans (1999)
7.2 Investigation of trends in data centers in Japan and other countries
In the process of considering policy suggestions, we investigated the recent DC-related
trends in Japan and other countries.
7.2.1 Trends in the outside-air cooling system and container-type DCs
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7.2.2 Trends in electrical facilities
The electrical facilities installed at the DCs of cloud operators in the U.S. use the three
technologies listed below to reduce power loss. In Japan, efforts are underway to
develop high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical power transmission systems,
which are expected to become widely used as the number of compatible IT devices
increases.
(i) High-voltage electric power supply
(ii) Reduction in the number of D/A (DC/AC) conversions
(iii) Distributed positioning of UPSs
7.2.3 Easing of temperature conditions
In order to promote energy conservation at DCs, Technical Committee (TC) 9.9 of the
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) in
2008 expanded the recommended values for temperature and humidity conditions at intake
ports of servers, making it easier to control servers than at the previously allowed values
and promoting introduction of the outside-air cooling. Then in 2011, ASHRAE set up four
stages of allowable values (A1, A2, A3, and A4) to be used as guidelines for developing IT
devices capable of operating even in high-temperature environments. IT devices complying
with these specifications are being provided by both domestic and foreign vendors, helping
to establish an environment for achieving reductions in the power consumption of air
conditioners by allowing higher room temperatures in DCs.
[Specific policy proposal]
7.3 Development of energy conservation standards for the data center to
be built
(1) Climate change-related policies and organizations in Laos
In 2010, Laos developed its National Strategy on Climate Change (NSCC) as its climate
change-related policy. It also considered introduction of energy-efficient electrical
appliances, as well as utilization of new mechanisms such as CDM and a carbon trading
market. Then, in August 2013, Laos signed a document related to a bilateral offset credit
system (or a joint crediting mechanism (JCM)) with Japan. The following figure shows
the JCM-related organizational structure in Laos.
The Ministry of Science and Technology, which is the lead agency targeted by the
project we have been investigating, is also a JCM member and promotion of this project
7-4
is expected to greatly help advance JCM in Laos.
(2) Trends in emissions in the IT field
The NSCC positions various fields as important fields in which to improve energy
efficiency and is expected to become the driving force behind the promotion of green IT
projects in Laos.
At the same time, however, IT devices themselves can become GHG generation
sources. As these devices become more popular, the CO2 emissions traceable to IT
devices have been rising steadily all over the world as shown in the figure below.
Therefore, the recent explosive spread of IT device technologies in developing nations
such as Laos is attracting attention.
Regarding the trends in Laos, the data announced by the Ministry of Posts and
Telecommunications at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) meeting in
Kuala Lumpur in 2012 showed that the mobile phone penetration rate had reached 83%
in Laos. On the other hand, the Internet penetration rate was only around 10%
(according to ITU statistics). However, this rate is expected to grow rapidly in the future
as the mobile phone penetration rate did, further fueling the demand for IT devices.
Additionally, since announcing its IT strategic plan in 2010, the Lao PDR has been
working on creating a new communications/ICT law, an electronic transaction law, and a
broadcasting law, etc. Therefore, there are concerns about future increases in GHG
emissions traceable to electricity consumption by IT-related devices.
In Laos in particular, there is currently no DC that can be securely utilized by
national-level institutions or international corporations, and government agencies and
corporations that handle lots of data are usually managing and operating outdated
servers in rooms in buildings. These servers are less efficient than DC-based servers
and have become a major factor in CO2 emissions increases.
(3) Encouragement to ratify standards
In order to solve the issues described in (2) above, this project plans to utilize Japan’s
excellent energy conservation technologies and could play an important role in
promoting energy conservation in many of the DC and green IT businesses that will be
advanced in the future.
Globally, indexes such as PUE (Power consumption by the entire DC / Power
consumption of IT equipment) are being widely used as energy conservation standards
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and therefore, we decided to use PUE in our investigation as explained in Chapter 5. In
the future, we will propose a quantitative measurement method based on the results of
our investigation and encourage the Lao PDR to adopt it to measure itself against a
numeric goal.
7.4 Preferential treatment related to development of container-type data
centers
Container-type DCs are considered more energy efficient than conventional
building-based DCs and therefore, active introduction of container-type DCs is desirable.
Furthermore, if container-type data units are not considered buildings, as is the case in
Japan, a relaxation can be expected of the application of various types of regulations,
possibly reducing taxes, for example. Although these issues have not yet arisen in Laos,
we need to be able to provide appropriate advice should the situation change. IIJ holds
the record for being the first company in Japan to build a container-type DC and
obtaining relaxed application of regulations. The following table shows the history
behind it.
Table 7.4-1 History of easing of regulations related to container-type data centers
in Japan
June 2012 IIJ’s Matsue Data Center Park was approved as Japan’s first
container-type DC, not housed in a building, by Matsue City,
Shimane Prefecture.
March 2014 Based on the success of the Matsue Data Center Park, Japan’s
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism issued the
opinion that a container for DC is not considered a building, thereby
relaxing the regulations nationally.
(Reference: Excerpted from a document issued by the Ministry of
Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) (For the original
document, see the technical advice (Ordinance No. 4933),
"Following the Building Standards Act with regard to container data
centers" released by MLIT on March 25, 2011)
Among container-type data centers installed as free-standing
structures on land, those that contain only the main server
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equipment, other equipment necessary for functioning as a data
server, air-conditioning ducts, along with the minimum amount of
space necessary for the container to function as a data server, are
unmanned during operations and no one enters them except when
a serious equipment failure occurs. These centers are not
considered buildings but rather are considered storage tanks or the
like, as specified in Section 1, Article 2 of the Building Standards
Act.
Additionally, we believe it will be effective to suggest a policy of promoting the
introduction of energy-conserving, container-type DCs through preferential treatment in
terms of policy, such as setting a more advantageous accounting depreciation method
to be used for them than that used for building-type DCs, and measures such as
providing a discounted electricity rate.
7.5 Measures to promote relocation of end user systems to
energy-conserving data centers
As explained above, developing nations, including Laos, currently have no DCs that can
be securely utilized by national-level institutions or international corporations and, in
most cases, each user is operating a server installed in a room in its own building.
Because these organizations continue to use outdated equipment possessing poor
cooling efficiency and poor computing power relative to the power consumed, the
amount of energy consumed by their servers is large. However, we can assist in efforts
to conserve energy by installing the latest servers in container-type DCs, virtualizing
them through computer resource virtualization, and popularizing technologies that can
improve server efficiency. The following figure shows the concept of efficiency
improvement through virtualization.
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Figure 7.5-1 Concept of efficiency improvement through virtualization
Since we can expect to reduce GHG emissions by transferring the conventional
individual systems to computer resources installed in low-carbon, container-type DCs, it
would be effective for governments to actively promote such a transfer.
Specific policies that could be effective include financial assistance, such as buyout of
inefficient equipment and providing subsidies to help with the expenses associated with
the transfer.
Physical Server Usage Virtual Server(VM) Usage
Hypervisor
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