FROM SOFTWARETO SERVICES
FROM SOFTWARETO SERVICES...
FROM COMPUTINGTO COMMUNITIES?
1. COMPUTER TIME SHARING
2. DESKTOP COMPUTING
3. THE INTERNET
4. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE/WEB 2.0
BIG IRON
MAINFRAME
1950s 1960s 1970s
mainframes and minicomputers
expensive, limited access
UNIVAC 1232
TIME SHARING
“number crunching”
financial institutions
insurance companies
military/defense
TIME SHARING
solution:
one computer, many terminals
TIME SHARING
In time-sharing, many terminals are connected to a single mainframe.
Much of the computer's time is spent idle, waiting for input from the user
The mainframe accepts
commands from different terminals during idle moments.
DESKTOP COMPUTING
DESKTOP COMPUTING
your own computer
DESKTOP COMPUTING
standalone software packagesWord processingDesktop publishingSpreadsheets
DESKTOP COMPUTING
does not require internet accessdoes not take advantage of network effectsuser is responsible for installing patches/upgradesMSOffice, Quickbooks, etc.
THE INTERNET
THE INTERNET
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)ARPANET origins Interconnected computers for sharing research 1970s packet-switching TCP/IP
THE INTERNET
commercial use – 1988
World Wide Web – early 1990s WWW - http, pages, hyperlinked documents,
domain names
THE INTERNET
Mosaic browser (displayed images inline with text, easier to use) - 1993
THE INTERNET
1990s - increasing popularity and reliance on Internet computer as communications tool
THE INTERNET
search engines, email, chat web applications (databases, maps, simple games) web transactions (e-commerce) the dot-com mania (and the dot-com crash)
THE INTERNET
personal websites up-front investment in the creation of content expert-indexed information “The Read-Only Web”
FROM “WEB 1.0”TO “WEB 2.0”
personal websites blogs up-front investment in the creation of content user-created content expert-indexed information user-organized information/folksonomies “The Read-Write Web”
WEB 2.0(term coined by O'Reilly – not necessarily the best term to
describe the paradigm)
READ/WRITE WEBSOCIAL WEB MEDIA
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICEAND WEB 2.0
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICEAND WEB 2.0
SaaS generally refers to business applicationsWeb 2.0 for consumer/entertainment softwaregaining steam 1999/2000 and oncurrent paradigm
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
“web native” (require only the browser software) upgrades and patches are made centrally - no need
for customer to be involved web analytics, email, accounting software, etc.
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
Data is secure on a managed server You don't need to own or manage the server Pay a monthly fee instead of buying the software Quick implementation
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
Takes control out of your hands How customizable is it? Accessed via Internet – security or loss of
connection become issues
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
“Trade secrets, customer lists, and competitive intelligence must be carefully guarded. Violations of regulations and privacy laws are always a concern when data is in the hands of others. Whoever controls the data will be responsible for it and will be held accountable for any data that might be evidence in court cases.”Phil Hippensteel, “Rolling Review: Web 2.0 Tools Demand A Cautious Approach”
http://www.networkcomputing.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=210101739
WEB 2.0
“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as a platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.” - Tim O'Reilly
WEB 2.0
not a totally new technical specification a change in how developers make things and how
users interact with the web
WEB 2.0
“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as a platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.” - Tim O'Reilly
WEB 2.0
Tim O'Reilly's examplesLevel 3Level 2Level 1Level 0
Source for this section Web 2.0 Wiipedia article
WEB 2.0
* Level-3 applications, the most "Web 2.0"-oriented, exist only on the Internet, deriving their effectiveness from the inter-human connections and from the network effects that Web 2.0 makes possible, and growing in effectiveness in proportion as people make more use of them. O'Reilly gave eBay, Craigslist, Wikipedia, del.icio.us, Skype, dodgeball and AdSense as examples.
WEB 2.0
* Level-2 applications can operate offline but gain advantages from going online. O'Reilly cited Flickr, which benefits from its shared photo-database and from its community-generated tag database.
WEB 2.0
* Level-1 applications operate offline but gain features online. O'Reilly pointed to Writely (now Google Docs & Spreadsheets) and iTunes (because of its music-store portion).
WEB 2.0
* Level-0 applications work as well offline as online. O'Reilly gave the examples of MapQuest, Yahoo! Local, and Google Maps (mapping-applications using contributions from users to advantage could rank as "level 2", like Google Earth).
Non-web applications like email, instant-messaging
clients, and the telephone fall outside the above
hierarchy.
WEB 2.0
Network Effect
The network becomes more valuable/more useful as
more people use it...
WEB 2.0
Network Effect
The network becomes more valuable/more useful as
more people use it...
examples:
telephone system
social networking sites
wikipedia
WEB 2.0
Negative effects of
increased use of a network:
congestion need for improvements to infrastructure vendor lock-in (ex: qwerty keyboard, costs of
leaving a social networking site) network provider complacency
WEB 2.0
USER-GENERATED CONTENT video uploads blog entries status messages photos lists
WEB 2.0
USER-GENERATED CONTENT comments rankings
WEB 2.0
USER-GENERATED CONTENTalso... what you click on who you “friend” what you purchase
WEB 2.0
OTHER INFORMATION YOU GENERATE WHEN USING A SITE: what you don't click on who you don't “friend” when and how often you visit the site usage patterns across multiple sites
WEB 2.0
WEB 2.0
"[the] move from personal websites to blogs and blog site aggregation, from publishing to
participation, from web content as the outcome of large up-front investment to an ongoing and interactive process, and from
content management systems to links based on tagging (folksonomy)"
Terry Flew, 3rd Edition of New Media
WEB 2.0
entertainment 2.0government 2.0education 2.0shopping 2.0
church 2.0dating 2.0civics 2.0travel 2.0family 2.0
memory 2.0
key terms and concepts network effects network effect “The Read-Write Web” “The Read-Only Web” time sharing Software as a Service Web 2.0 Folksonomies
SOURCES
Wikipedia – SaaS
Wikipedia – Web 2.0
Where Wizards Stay Up Late – Hafner & Lyon
Wikipedia – Network Effect
“Beware the Hype for Software as a Service”http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2008/tc20080723_506811.htm
“Rolling Review: Web 2.0 Tools Demand A Cautious
Approach” - Phil Hippensteelhttp://www.networkcomputing.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=210101739
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