From face-to-face to facebook?Social media and collective action
Presentation by Ivar Eimhjellen, Phd.student, Rokkansenteret/UiB
Bergen, May 18th. The voluntary sector in the Nordic Countries. Change agents and contract partners.
From face-to-face to facebook?
Theoretical perspective:
•Social capital: Networks (+ trust, norms of reciprocity)
• Organizations as formalized networks
•Organizations and networks in relation to levels of social capital and collective action
• ICT`s supporting networks and collective action?
From face-to-face to facebook?
Data
Survey: Voluntary organizations in Hordaland (17 municipalities) Data from 1998 and 2009
Regression anlysis Three main research questions / models
Figure 1 Percentage share of organization`s benefits from e-mail and the internet.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Informingmembers/volunteers
Contact w ithnational level
Feedbackfrom
members/volunteers
Contact w ithother
organizatins
Promotingthe
organization
Influencing Member/volunteer
discussions
N (min) = 1485Very useful Fairly useful
STEP 1 STEP 2 Using the
Internet Benefits from the Internet
(variable from factoranalysis, all usevariables)
Debate/discussion (1-8)
Contact outwards (1-
8)
Information distribution (1-
4) Organizational age (log) -.138** -.130*** -.314*** -.166*** -.092*** Membership figure .259*** .029 .029 .080† -.011 Formalization .246*** .096*** .128* .201*** .067** Outwards index -.007 .0004 -.003 .002 -.009* Conflict oriented index -.006 .015** .007 .030** .010† Connected to national level
.491*** .209*** .055 .491*** -.006
Bergen (=1) .414*** .206*** .537*** .151 .276*** Geografic area .106*** .058*** .075** .100*** .046*** Members age composition
Members Under 15 years .440*** .227** .149 .447*** .165* Members 16-30 years .666*** .034 .096 .086 .064 Members 31-50 years .356*** .226*** .430*** .313** .162*** Members 51-66 years .105 .043 .152 .008 .079 Members 67 år and over -.878*** -.329*** -.620*** -.323* -.382*** Homepage .539*** .654*** .992*** .327*** Blog .217 .125 .700* -.014 Facebook (other social media)
.318*** .528*** .460** .157*
Democracy vs. effectiveness (0-10, instrument variabel)
-.043
Constant -1.403*** -1.349*** 2.264*** .467 1.772*** Rho .014 .043 .148 -.088 N=1604
1604 1543 1474 1655
1 † p≤ .10, * p≤ .05, ** p≤ .01, *** p≤ .001
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Use
val
ue
ind
ex, r
eco
ded
0-1
00.
Homepage +Facebook (or
similar)
Homepage Facebook (orsimilar)
Blog Neither
Debate/discussion Contact outw ards Information distribution
Figure 2 Estimated benefits from the internet/e-mail by different webmedia representation.
Model 1 Backgorund variables
Model 2 Internet usage
Model 3 Types of Internet usage
,077 -,058 ,042
Organizational age (log) -,014 ,002 ,013
Members -,001 -,006 -,008
Formalization ,071 ,051 ,061
Outwards index ,010*** ,011*** ,014***
Conflict oriented index -,003*** -,003*** -,003***
Connected to national level
,076*** ,048*** ,037***
Internet usage ,233***
Homepage ,022
Blog ,147
Facebook ,119***
Adjusted R2 ,040 ,065 ,046
N 1892 1892 1456
1 † p≤ .10, * p≤ .05, ** p≤ .01, *** p≤ .001
Table 3: Regession of backgroundvariables, internet usage, different types of usage and the effect on the number of cooperative ties.
STEP 1 STEP 2 Survival Member figure 2009 Exec. commitee meeting
2009 Membership meeting 2009
Other activities 2009
Attributes 1998 Model 1 Model 2 Model 1 Model 2 Model 1
Model 2
Model 1
Model 2
PC, no internet -.104 .153* .125† .062 .016 -.137 -.159 -.050 -.114 PC and Internett -.009 -.466* -.362† -.079 .183† -.093 .032 -.177 .178 Started using internet after 1998 (0-1)
.214** .329*** .157 .445***
Exec. Committee meeting 1998 (log+1)
.038 -.012 -.025 .451*** .429*** .026 .016
.154* .126*
Membershipmeeting 1998 (log+1)
.039 -.080*** -.079*** -.009 -.006 .345*** .346*** .030 .034
Other activities 1998 (log+1)
.157*** -.023 -.025 .067* .062* .035 .033 .511*** .508***
Organizational age (log)
.092* -.058* -.055* -.026 -.022 .013 .016 -.006 .002
Members 1998 (log) .257*** .827*** .818*** .109*** .103** .013 .012 .067 .064 Formalization .099** .004 .002 .103*** .097** -.004 -.007 .018 .011 Connected to national level.
-.033 -.004 -.011 -.042 -.056 .123 .116 -.190† -.210*
Bergen (=1) -.533*** .150* .136† .107 -.090 .137 .127 .172 .139 Geografic area .026 .010 .002 .003 -.011 -.045 -.052 -.029 -.048 Members agecomposition
Members Under 15 years
-.229* .115 .098 -.092 -.124 -.263* -.279* .065 .019
Members 16-30 years
-.128 .008 .007 .064 .091 -.071 -.073 .027 .021
Members 31-50 years
.097 -.016 -.035 -.063 -.094 -.237** -.252** -.116 -.156†
Members 51-66 years
.003 .035 .034 .010 -.004 .098 .095 -.063 -.072
Members over 67 years
-.016 -.134* -.078 -.109 .030 .069 .106 -.246* -.140
Used the Internet*members
.006 .138** .154**
Democracy vs. effectiveness (instrument variable)
-.008
Constant -
1.589*** 1.115*** 1.049*** .117 .029 .794† .737† .776 .595
Rho -.486 -.477 -.205 -.223 -.059 -.056 .131 .151 N 1192 1192 1192 1329 1329 1329 1329 1329 1329 1 † p≤ .10, * p≤ .05, ** p≤ .01, *** p≤ .001
From face-to-face to facebook?
This study indicates that the Internet and social media:
• Supports face to face contact
• Supports cooperative ties between organizations
Top Related