Forestgardeningonabandonedterraceslinkslocalbiomasscarbonaccumula3ontointerna3onalcarbonmarkets,reversesland
degrada3on,improvesfooddiversity,andincreasesfarmerincome
Ratanpur,TanahuCentralNepal800–1200masl
Hans-PeterSchmidt1*,BishnuH.Pandit2,WolfgangLucht3,DieterGerten3,ClaudiaKammann4ithakains3tuteforcarbonstrategies,Switzerland
Ratanpurregionmanyoftheancientterraceslaybarrenandvulnerabletoerosion
largelyduetoruraldepopula3on
Paddyriceterraceslaybarrenduetoexodusofworkforces
Theladyfarmersmaintainkitchengardens
Mainobjec3ves
• erosioncontrol,landslideprotec3on• waterreten3on• biodiversitypreserva3on• soilorganicmaterincrease
• carbonsequestra3on
• increaseofeconomicproduc3vity• developmentofnewforestproducts• crea3onofjobsinthevillage
thelinkbetweenallobjec3vesaretreescrea3ngforestgarden
Besidefruit,nut,fodder&foodtrees,treesfornewprocessedagro-productswereselected
Cinnamon Mulberry
Essen3aloils Fruit,fodder,silk Parfume,fodder,3mber
MicheliaChampaca
furniture
Pawlonia
Howtotransformgoodideasintoselfsustaining,mul3pliablesystems?
Relatelocalandglobalclimatechange
climatechangeisaglobalproblemaffec3nglocalcondi3onsclimatechangeneedslocalsolu3onswithglobalimpact.
90kgCO2peryear 90kgCO2per700km
at 130 g CO2 per km
CO2-Certificates
10 year average of a cinnamon tree in Nepal
forestgarden850mixedtrees
11.5tonCO2peryear
40peopleinNepal8peopleinIndia
1personinGermany=11.5tCO2
ca. 500 mixed trees per ha in Nepal
0 2 4 6 8
10 12 14 16 18
CO2 emissions per capita in tons per year world bank 2013
CO2CO2 400 Euro
Makethecarboncyclevisible
demonstratethecarboncontentofatreebytransformingbiomassintobiochar
Eupatorium–mainfeedstockforbiocharproduc3oninRatanpurisaninvasiveshrubspeciesalsocalled„forestkiller“
flamecurtainpyrolysisofEupatoriumfeedstock
Produc3onof800lbiochartakes2to3hours
1tonofdrybiomassbecomes200kgofstablecarboninsteadofreturning1.8tonCO2totheatmosphere
200kgC 1tonofdrybiomass
carboniza3on
1.8tonCO2decompos3on1.1tonCO2
Turnlocalwastestreamsintoopportuni3es
Chargingbiocharwithcowurinemakesanorganicfer3lizer
cowurinequenchedbiochar
organicbiocharbasedfer3lizer21fieldtrials–13crops
Averageyieldincreasesof(A)urine-biochar+composttreatmentscomparedtourine+compost,(B)NPK-biocharcomparedtoNPKonly,and(C)urine-biocharcomparedtoNPKonlyortoNPK-biochar.Yieldincreasesaregivenastheabsolutepercentageincreaseabovethecontrolyieldvalue.Thebarsshowmeansandstandarddevia3on.Theredcoloredcolumnsindicateprimarytrials,thebluecolumnsvillagetrials.
+20%±5.1%
+123%±76.7% +103%±12.4%
Organicbiocharfer3lizersaccelerategrowthandimprovesoilfer3lity
compost
compost
+ bioch
ar
compost
+ urin
e
compost
+ urin
e-bioch
ar0
5
10
15
Cinnamon trial, Udaypur, after 10 months
stem
dia
met
er in
mm
a a a
b
+ 208 %
p < 0.0001N = 4
urine-b
iochar
compost
only0
20
40
60
80
cardamom plant height , 10 weeks after plantation
plan
t hei
ght i
n cm
a
b
+ 121 % p < 0.0001N = 25
Schmidtetal.2017,submimed
Applythe2lbiocharchargedwithcowurineandcomposttoplantnewtreesorcrops
andlinkstotheglobalcommunity
Plan3ngoftreesunitedthevillagefarmers
10,000mixedtreesplantedinthefirstyear
waterreten3onpitsforyoungtreeirriga3on
Treenursery
CO2-creditslinkingglobalandlocaldevelopment
• treesaplings(max.200perfamily)• planta3onac3vi3es(pitdigging)• waterreten3onpit• irriga3onpipe• par3alfencing• treenursery• primepertreeif>80%treesurvival
forfirstthreeyears
CO2-creditspayfor
• 89farmerfamiliesplantedatotalof>25,000mul3speciestreesontheirprivateland
• Annualintercroppingon40%ofestablishedforestgardens• Eachtreewasplantedwith2litersofcow-urineenhanced
biochartotaling50,000litersofbiochar(app.10tbiocharwithanequivalentof36tofCO2)
• 26waterreten3onpits,• 6.8kmirriga3onpipes
RatanpurAgro-forestry2015-2017
Firstyearsurvivalrate:57%
Workingwithpsychologiststocreatsocialmodelsthatimprovesuccessrates:TriadeSystem
2endyearsurvivalratewithTriadeSystem:86%
Bandipur
forestgardenaperoneyearbanana,paulownia,cinnamon,michaeliaandblacklen3l
1yearbefore
Forestgardenaperoneyear:cinnamon,michaeliaandginger
Successisthemostconvincingargument
Carboninputsperhaanda(10yearaverage)
500mixedtrees=3.1tCfromwoodybiomassàwood+biochar3.5tCfromleavesàmulch+animalfeedàcompost5.5tCfromunderstorycroppingàfood,mulch,animalfeed,roots
àcompostà ±11tCha-1a-1inputAssumingthat30%ofthetotalannualCinputismaintainedviabiochar,compost,urine,mulchandexudatesasSOM,atheore3calSOMincreaseof6tha-1a-1or0.15%SOMa-1wouldnotbeunlikely.
Whichwehopetodemonstratewithinthenextdecade.
globalclimateeffectsoflocalclimateac3on(e.g.forestgardens)
• The25,000gardentreessequesteraminimumof400tCO2eqperyear(notcoun3ngSOMincrease)
• OffsettheCO2-footprintof34Germanson50ha.• Currentoffsetvalue:US$14,000(atUS$35pertCO2)• Maintreeproducts:fruits,nuts,medicine,essen3aloil,silk,perfume,honey,
3mber,animalfodder• Annualcropvalues(aperfiveyears)>US$250,000
• SOMincrease,biodiversity,erosioncontrol,waterreten3onareaddedvalues
www.ithaka-institut.org
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