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Prevention and management of

household waste in Flanders

Lore Mariën

OVAM (Flemish Public Waste Agency)

27.04.2009

3

Overview

A. Responsibility for waste management

B. Waste treatment in Flanders 1992-2007

C. Flemish waste management according to

the waste hierarchy

I. prevention and re-use

II. selective collection and recycling

III. residual waste treatment: incineration and

landfilling

D. Conclusions

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A. Responsibility for waste management

Belgium= Federal state with 3 regions: 3 regional + 1 federal

authority

Waste management = regional competence

OVAM is the regional authority responsible for making policy

on waste in Flanders

Municipalities are responsible for the execution of the collection

and treatment of household waste

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B. Waste treatment in Flanders 1995-2007

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

year

kg

per

inh

ab

itan

t

landfilled MBT incinerated recycled

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C. Waste management according to the waste

hierarchy

I. Prevention and re-use: Flemish initiatives

Re-use shops 100 shops

7.19 kg/inhabitant collected in 2007

furniture, EEE, toys, clothes, etc.

susidies for re-use shops

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Home composting 25% of the Flemish households (mainly in rural areas)

5 compost masters per 10,000 inhabitants

communication campaigns, training and household waste charging

are crucial

Neighbourhood composting in urban

areas

8


‘Please no publicity’ stickers

Communication campaigns on waste prevention

Financial support for local authorities which launch waste

prevention initiatives

Cooperation agreements containing prevention measures

between local authorities and the OVAM

9


Promotion of ecodesign ecodesign awards for students and professionals

ecolizer

Eco-efficiency scan

Green procurement: - office supplies

- cleaning products

- electric/electronical equipment

- varnish and lacks

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I. Prevention and re-use: future objectives

Increase sustainable production and consumption in

absolute and relative terms

more innovation

retail sector offers and sells more sustainable products by

2015

more sustainable products consumed by 2015

central role of the government in sustainable consumption

via green public procurement

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I. Prevention and re-use: future objectives

Far-reaching decoupling between economic growth

and waste production by 2010

i.e. stabilisation of waste generation compared to

2000 at 560 kg/inhabitant 2% prevention (dry fraction) per year

25% of households engage in high-quality home composting

10 kg/inhabitant is collected for re-use

increase in the number of companies participating in selective

collection

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II. Selective collection and recycling

Selective collection schemes to allow for separation

at the source a) kerbside collection

b) municipal recycling yards

c) collection via retailers

Polluter pays principle household waste charging based on volume or weight

recycling fees

extended producer responsibility

Differentiated tarification = mixed household waste is more expensive to discard than

selectively collected waste

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a) kerbside collection

Kerbside collection mixed waste (charged)

plastic bottles, metal packaging and drinking cartons (€ 0.125 per

60 l bag)

paper and cardboard (free)

glass bottles (free)

vegetable, fruit and garden waste (charged)

bulky waste (free or charged)

Others bottle banks (free)

textile containers (free)

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II. Selective collection and recycling: charges for

mixed waste collection

Bag (60 l): between € 0.75 and € 2.5

Container (120 l) taxation per volume: € 2.5 - € 3.76

taxation per weight: € 0.15 - € 0.2/kg

taxation per offer: € 0.25 - € 1

solutions for urban areas collective containers

subterranean containers

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II. Selective collection and recycling: correlation

between price and amount of waste generated

116107

10293

82

101

76

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

€ 0 - 0,99 bag

€ 1 - 1,24 bag

€ 1,25 - 1,49 bag

€ 1,50 bag

> € 1,50 bag

volume chip

weight chip

kg/inhabitant

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II. Selective collection and recycling: illegal and

evasive behaviour

5 to 10 % of the population is responsible for illegal behaviour

75 % of the illegally disposed waste consists of waste without

municipal taxation => no link between ‘expensive’ waste bag or

container and illegal behaviour

Municipalities need to punish illegal behaviour

‘Waste tourism’ can be avoided by

using the same tariffs in neighbouring

municipalities

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b) recycling yards

337 container parcs (308 municipalities) which collect

50% of the household waste

A wide range of waste streams are separately

collected in those parks: construction and demolition waste,

cooking oils, batteries and accumulators, polystyrene, WEEE, paper

and cardboard, PE foils, metals, textiles, fluorescent tubes, light bulbs,

wood, green waste, car tyres, bicycle tyres, asbestos, gypsum,

bitumen, hazardous waste and non-recyclable combustible wastes

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c) collection at retailers

WEEE

batteries and accumulators

ink-cartridges

pharmaceuticals

car tyres

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extended producer responsibility

Producers are financially responsible for the

collection and treatment of their products once they

have become waste (‘acceptance obligation’)

Printed paper, batteries and accumulators, waste

pharmaceuticals, end-of-life vehicles, waste tyres,

waste electrical and electronic appliances, lighting

equipment, waste industrial and cooking oils

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Composition of mixed waste bag

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

1995

2006

biowaste paper/carboard glass metals plastics textiles hazardous mixed fraction inert fraction others

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future objectives

Limit residual household waste to 150

kg/inhabitant/year

Each individual municipality has less than 180 kg

residual waste per year per inhabitant

BUT:A correction factor may be applied in the case of big cities (flats,

tourism,…)

By 2010 75% of the household waste is collected

selectively for the purpose of re-use and recycling

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Example of waste collection in big cities

Antwerp: + 470.000 inhabitants lots of nationalities, lots of poverty:districts with 30% migration/year

toerism, students

How to manage the waste stream?

Since 1998 selective collection of waste several systems and 9 container parks

Priority:push back illegal duming and street litter

refusing to collect waste that is offered in the

wrong bag

Results: 61,5% of the waste was recycled in 2007

(~72% in global for Flanders).

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Experiments with kerbside collection in Antwerp

1. containers/bags on the street

2. containers in special areas (closed for strangers)

3. subterranean containers

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1. Containers/bags on the street

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2. Containers in special areas

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Evaluation

Not aesthetic

takes a lot of free space

difficult to charge the right people (DIFTAR)

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3. Subterranean containers - BEFORE -

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3. Subterranean containers -PLACING-

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3. Subterranean containers -PLACING-

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3. Subterranean containers -AFTER-

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3. Subterranean containers -MIXED WASTE-

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3. -VEGETABLE, FRUIT, GARDEN WASTE

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3. Subterranean containers -PAPER-

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3. -PLASTIC BOTTLES, METAL PACKAGING,

DRINK CARTONS

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Acces by prepaid badge

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Example of glass container - free of charge-

37

Example of glass container - free of charge-

38

Emptying

39

Emptying

40

Emptying

41

Emptying

42

Emptying

Nog foto gaan nemen ??

19 maart 200719 maart 2007

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Evaluation

aesthetic

in the middel of a square: social control

place saving: the square can still maintain his

function

costsaving: placing of the container is expensive: 10.000 euro BUT

very cheap in the use: in 1 move the truck can pick up the weight of

120 sacks of waste

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III. Residual waste treatment: incinerating

It is prohibited to incinerate:

selectively collected wastes that can be recycled with the exception of some high calorific wastes for renewable energy purposes

unsorted household waste

unsorted industrial waste

Motivated derogation possible

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III. Residual waste treatment: landfilling

It is prohibited to landfill:

unsorted household and industrial waste

wastes that were selectively collected for the purpose of recovery

combustible residues from the sorting of household waste or

comparable industrial waste

waste pharmaceuticals

Motivated derogation possible

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III. Residual waste treatment

steering of landfill and incineration costs

‘Smart’ taxes

make landfilling more expensive than incineration

make (co)incineration more expensive than recycling

steer the market towards the treatment option with the lowest

environmental impact

Restrictive permitting policy for landfills increases

landfilling costs

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III. Residual waste treatment

examples of landfilling and incineration costs

Tariff Tax Total

Landfilling municipalwaste

60 75 135

Incineration ofmunicipal waste

70 - 130 7 77 - 137

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D. Conclusions for us

Maybe Flanders is now a ‘champion’ in selective

collection but we must stay alert!

Prevention of waste is the main challenge for the

coming years

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D. Conclusions for you

Lessons from the Flemish experience:

Work on all levels of the waste hierarchy

Source separation of crucial importance sensibilisation campaigns

selective collection schemes

polluter pays principle

Limit residual waste treatment capacity to the

minimum

Make landfilling expensive and ban it for as many

wastes as possible

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Thank you for your attention

More information about our household waste

management plan? See english brochure on our

website:

http://www.ovam.be/jahia/Jahia/cache/offonce/pid/176?

actionReq=actionPubDetail&fileItem=1591

Lore Mariën

OVAM

++32 15 284 504

[email protected]