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Transportation
Presented by: Praveenkumar Bodduna #07
Siddhesh Chavan #12
Pradnya Salve #41
Pragati Uparkar #53
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Transportation
It is defined as a means through which goods are transferred
from one place to another.
It is fundamentally an important function and has the most
visible cost, hence there is a lot of importance given to
transportation.
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Makes available raw materials to manufacturers or producers
Makes available goods to customers
Enhances standard of living
Helps during emergencies and natural calamities
Helps in creation of employment
Helps in labour mobility
Helps in bringing nations together
Importance of Transportation
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Participants in Transportation
Public
Government
Shipper (sender) Carrier Consignee
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Decision Factors
The three main factors:
Cost
Speed
Consistency
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Modes of Transportation
Land Transport
Road
Rail
Pipeline
Ropeway
Air Transport
Water Transport
Intermodal Transport
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Road
The most popular mode of transport.
Good flexibility to provide door to door delivery.
Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed by roadcarriers over a short distance.
It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading is
possible at any destination.
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Road
Advantages
Lower costs
Accessibility/Flexible
Fast
Small, frequent shipments
Disadvantages
Speed
Capacity
Range
Dangerous
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Mostly for high value & low volume goods from distant
supplier.
It is also suitable for emergency items to be delivered for some
specific requirements.
It is the costliest.
Used for small volumes.
Air
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Premium transportation
Advantages
Speed delivery
Reliable
Limited losses
Range
Disadvantages
Price
Non-direct points
Add-on charges
Necessary?
Air
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Rail
The most economical and safe mode. It is good for long distance transport.
It is suitable for carrying heavy goods in large quantities over long
distances.
Its operation is less affected by adverse weathers conditions like rain,floods, fog, etc.
Rail
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Rail
Advantages
Lowest overall cost per unit weight
Consistent time schedule
Large loading capacity
Speed
Weather
Disadvantages
Inflexibility
Potential damage of goods Ineffective with small shipments
Rail
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Suitable for heavy and bulky goods and suitable for products with long leadtimes.
It is a safe mode of transport with respect to occurrence of accidents.
The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low as most of themare naturally made.
Water
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There are mainly two types of water transport
Inland water transportIt uses boats, launches, barges, streamers etc to carry goods and passengers on
river and canal route.
Ocean Transport
It refers to movement of goods and passengers with the help of ships through sea
or ocean waterways. It plays an important role in the development of internationaltrade.
i. Coastal Shipping
ii. Overseas Shipping
Water
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Advantages
Large volumes
Cheap
No restriction on loading capacity
Long distances
Disadvantages
Slower than air travel
Transshipment at port
Not flexible
Limited access
Water
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Ships have to wait long for berthing
Manual handling and poor labour productivity
Old type of equipment
Night navigation unavailable
Poor availability of railway wagons and road trucks
Insufficient warehousing
Tardy procedure
Some constraints to water transport
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ModesCriteria
Road Rail Sea Air
Relative Speed Moderate Moderate Slow Very High
Reliability Good Good Limited Very Good
Cost per ton/km Medium Low/Medium Low/Very low High
Flexibility High Low Low Medium
Measures of different Modes
Table
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Transport of homogeneous materials
The transportation of goods through a pipe.
Liquids and gases are sent.
Pipeline
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Advantages
Lower transportation costs than other modes
Disadvantages
Higher initial costs
Unable to transport a variety of materials
Pipeline
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Ropeway refers to a mode of transport, which connects two places on thehills, or across a valley or river
In the hilly areas, trolleys move on wheels
connected to a rope and are used for carrying
passengers or goods, especially building
materials, food, etc
The famous Uran Khatola Jagdamba in Gujarat
that carries pilgrims to the temple is an exampleof ropeway transport, which carries more than
100 passengers at a time.
Ropeway
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Ropeway
Advantages
No grade restrictions Ideal for severe weather conditions (no guideway heating needed)
Lower life cycle costs
High level of safety (no collision possibility)
Simpler control system
Disadvantages Distance
Speed Alignment (Curvature)
Expansion
Operation
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The movements of passengers or freight from one mode of transport to
another, commonly taking place at a terminal specifically designed for such
a purpose
Use of various transportation modes
Containers
More popular due to globalization
Intermodal
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Cost
Environmental
Flexibility
Security
Benefits of Intermodal Transportation
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Faster
Better
Smarter
More Profitable
Intermodal Transport In Future
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Containerization
Containerization is an important element of the logistics revolution that
changed freight handling on ships, railways and trucks in the 20th century.
Containers are built to standardized dimensions, and can be loaded
and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and
transferred from one mode of transport to anothercontainer ships, rail
and semi-trailer truckswithout being opened.
20ft40 ft
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Transport Mode
Inventory Costs
Transit Capital
Obsolescence
Packaging
Transportation Cost Elements
Insurance
Breakages
Pilferage
Deterioration
Transport Costs
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Cost Ratio
Transportation29.40%
Management11%
Ordering5.50%
Inventory17.40%
Warehousing17.00%
Packaging11.90%
Movement7.8%
Cost Ratio
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Transportation Patterns
Fig. The transport pattern oftraditional business
Fig. The transport pattern ofe-commerce
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Each mode of transportation has its own strengths and weaknesses
The effectiveness of each mode depends on several factors includingdistance, price, and timeliness
Services exist to help choose the best modes of transportation
Summary
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The key concepts in todays world economy derive their existence becauseof the physical and electronic linkages developed by the technology
It constitutes the basic linkage between the supply and demand centres
Peaks and troughs in the demand of transportation.
Cont..
Conclusion
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Public nature of transport infrastructure
Relationship between the nature of the individual commodities and the
modes of transportation preferred by the commodity
Modes of transportation used for bulk freight traffic
Over years inland freight traffic has been shifting from rail to road
Conclusion
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Thank You
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