Fill in the Blank
Is this a mixture or pure substance?______________________Mixture
ClNaCl
Na
ClNa
OH
H
OHH
O O
OOO O
OH H
True or False
This mixture contains three compounds.________________________________False, there are only two (water & salt)
Water SaltO
H H
ClNaCl
Na
ClNa
OH
H
OHH
O O
OOO O
True or False
There are ten molecules in this mixture._____________
OH H
ClCl
OH
H
OHH
OO
OO
O O
True
Cl
ClClCl
NH
H
H
Fill in the Blank
Below is a mixture of compounds and elements. What is the element?
___________________Oxygen
Oxygen
ClNa
Cl
Na
ClNaO
HH
OO
O
HH
N
HH
H
H Cl OH
HOOOOxygen
Drawing
How many bonds can carbon form?
Four bonds
H
H
C
H
H
Draw a model of CH4.
Multiple choice
Which is the correct configuration for the compound C2H3OH?
CH
H OC
H
H
CH
H OC
H
H
CH
H OC
H
H
CH
H OC
H H
A B
C D
Drawing
Draw the structure for CH3OH?
H
H
OC
H
H
Element or Compound?
Indicate whether each the following substances is an element or compound.
CarbonOxygenCarbon dioxideHydrogenWater
C ElementO Element CO2 Compound
H ElementH2O Compound
Element or Compound?
Indicate whether each the following substances is a mixture or pure substance.
Salt Water (distilled)SeawaterSugarSalad dressing
Pure substancePure substanceMixturePure substanceMixture
Short Answer
Name the three particles that make up atoms and indicate their charge.
+Proton (positive)
Neutron (neutral)Electron (negative)
Multiple Choice
Where are electrons found in an atom?
+
A. Outside the nucleusB. Inside a protonC. Within the nucleusD. Inside a neutron
+
Multiple Choice
What is the mass number of the atom shown below?
+
A. 2B. 3C. 5D. 7
+
Multiple Choice
Which nuclei is not an isotope of the other two?
A. B. C.
++
++ +
++
Short Answer
What is the atomic number of the atom shown below?
+ 3
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts, like H2O
A. IsotopeB. CompoundC. NucleusD. Enzyme
Multiple Choice
Which of the following represents the best model of a water molecule?
A. B. C. D.
H HO O H O HO
HO HO
Yes or No
When the elements sulfur and iron are mixed and heated in a test tube, they react to form iron pyrite
(fool’s gold). Would you expect iron pyrite to retain the magnetic properties of iron or the smell of sulfur?
+
Sulfur Iron Fool’s gold
Δ
No Chemical reactions rearrange atoms into new substances with different properties.
Short Answer
What kind of chemical bond is shown below and how do you know?
A covalent bond.
Because the atoms are sharing the
electrons.
Short Answer
What type of ion is formed when an atom loses an electron?
A positive ion.+
++
+
Short Answer
What property of water enables water to cling to the surface of a glass or to a toothpick?
Adhesion, which means molecules of different substances are attracted to each other.
Multiple Choice
Which shows the correct polarity of a water molecule?
A. B. C. D.
HO
HHO
HHO
HHO
H( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Short Answer
What kind of mixture is paint or blood?
They are suspensions, which means they contain particles that will
eventually settle out.
Short Answer
In our blood, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase carries out the following reactions in order to prevent sharp, sudden changes in blood pH.
What kind of system is this?
A buffer system
Carbonic anhydrase
Short Answer
What property of water enables insects and paper clips to float on its surface?
Cohesion, which means molecules of the same substance are attracted to each other.
Short Answer
What kind of chemical bond is shown below and how do you know?
An ionic bond.
Because the electron was completely transferred from one atom to another rather than being shared.
This causes each atom to develop a charge (become an ion).
Short Answer
What kind of mixture is air or salt water?
They are solutions, because all the components are evenly distributed.
Short Answer
Which has the higher heat capacity—water, metal, or air?
Water does. It can absorb a lot of heat without its temperature rising too much.
Matching
Which pH values would you assign to the following chemicals:
• Pure water• Stomach juice• Oven cleaner • Lemon juice• Soap
71 to 213 to 14
2 to 39 to 10
Short Answer
Is this liquid acidic, basic, or neutral?How do you know?
Neutral Because there is an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions.
Drawing
How many double bonds does carbon dioxide have?
Two double-bonds
CO O
Draw a model of carbon dioxide.
Drawing
Draw a model of acetylene (C2H2).
What kind of bond is this?
A triple bond
C CH H
Short AnswerA 3-month old sits strapped in a car seat on a hot
July day because her dad forgot she was in the car. Her body temperature climbs to 105 °F (41 °C). What may happen to the enzymes in her body if her temperature continues to climb?
Her enzymes will unravel (denature) and she will die.
Drawing
Draw an amino acid.
C
HHC
H H
O
R
N Carboxyl group
Amino group
Label the functional groups.
Variable group
Short Answer
Is this liquid acidic, basic, or neutral?How do you know?
Basic Because there are more OH- ions than H+ ions in solution.
Short Answer
Complete the following table
Polymer MonomerProtein
Monosaccharide
NucleotidePolysaccharide
Nucleic acid
Amino acid
Short Answer
What reagent is used to test for proteins?
Biuret's solution
What color does Biuret’s turn if proteins are present?
Lavender to purple
Short Answer
What is another name for monosaccharides?
Simple sugars
Short Answer
What reagent is used to test for simple sugars?
Benedict’s solution
What color does benedict’s turn if simple sugars are present?
Yellow to orange
Short Answer
Complete the following table
Monosaccharides Disaccharides PolysaccharidesGalactose
Lactose
StarchFructoseGlucose
Sucrose
Maltose
Glycogen
Cellulose
Short Answer
In what polysaccharide do animals store their excess sugars?
Glycogen
Short Answer
Starches
In what polysaccharide do plants store their excess sugars?
Short Answer
What reagent is used to test for starches?
Lugol’s (iodine) solution
What color does Lugol’s turn if starches are present?
Purple to Black
Short Answer
What polysaccharide gives plants their rigidity and support?
Cellulose
Short Answer
Complete the following table
Nucleic acid Shape FunctionSingle nucleotide Energy storage / release
Protein synthesis templateSingle Stranded
ATP
Storing hereditary Info
RNA
DNA Double-helix
Short Answer
What does the abbreviation DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Short Answer
What does the abbreviation ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
Drawing
Draw and label a simple model of a triglyceride lipid.
Glycerol
3 Fatty-acid tails
Short Answer
Is this liquid acidic, basic, or neutral?How do you know?
Acidic Because there are more H+ ions than OH- ions in solution.
Short Answer
What happens to the chemical bonds in a chemical reaction?
Some bonds are broken and new ones are formed.
Short Answer
What happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction?
Atoms are never destroyed but only rearranged into new combinations.
Short Answer
Identify the reactants and products in the following chemical equation:
CH4
methane
+ 2O2
oxygen
CO2
Carbon dioxide
+ 2H2Owater
Reactants Products
Drawing
Draw an energy releasing graph and label it using the following terms.
Products ReactantsActivation energyEn
ergy
Course of Reaction
Reactants
Products
Activation energy
Drawing
Show how the following reaction will change when a catalyst is added.
Activation energyReactants
Products
Ener
gy
Course of Reaction
Without catalyst
With catalyst
Short Answer
What is the optimum pH for each enzyme?
Enzy
me
Activ
ity
pH4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
7.0 11.0
X Y
Short AnswerOne of the enzymes below functions in
humans and the other is used in an industrial plant. Which one is the human enzyme? How
do you know?En
zym
e Ac
tivity
pH4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
X Y
Most of the cells in the human body operate around pH 7. A pH of 11 is too extreme for the human body.
Enzyme X7.0 11.0
Short AnswerAccording to the graph below, at what pH do enzymes X and Y have the same amount of
activity? How do you know?
9.0
Enzy
me
Activ
ity
pH4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
X Y
A pH of 9.
Both activity curves cross
at pH 9.
Short AnswerStudy the diagram below. What is the
black area on the brown enzyme called?Active
site
Short AnswerWhat is the circled substance called?
Activesite
Substrate
Substrate
Short AnswerWhat is different about the enzyme
in the yellow circle?Active
site
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Substrate
Short Answer
What is the circled complex called?
Activesite
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Substrate
Enzyme-substrate complex
Short AnswerWhat is happening in the
black circled area?Active
site
The substrate has bound to the
active siteThe substrate
is being converted
into products
Substrate
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate is being
converted into products
Short Answer
What is shown in the white oval?
Products that were released
Activesite
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Sucrose
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate is being
converted into products
Short AnswerIf the substrate is sucrose, then
what is the brown enzyme called?Active
site
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Products that were released
Sucrase
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate is being
converted into products
Short AnswerIf the substrate is sucrose, then what are the products called?
Activesite
The substrate has bound to the
active site
GlucoseFructose
Sucrase
Sucrose
Short Answer
What suffix do most enzymes end with
-ase
Sucrase: Breaks down table sugar (sucrose)Carbonic anhydrase: Buffers bloodCatalase: Breaks down hydrogen peroxideAmylase: Breaks down starchesLipase: Breaks down fats
Examples:
The End
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