f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh
8 fYa%‚h
lshùï fmd;
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ii
m<uq jk uqøKh - 2018fojk uqøKh --- 2019f;jk uqøKh --- 2020
ish¨u ysñlï weúß‚'
ISBN 978-955-25-0295-8
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska
nlaó.ia jej mdr" fmdaf¾" w;=re.sßh" 164$4 ork ia:dkfha
msysá ms%kaÜ tlafi,a ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fuys
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'
Published by : Educational Publications Department Printed by : PrintXcel (Pvt) Ltd
iii
iv
wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjdatl ksjfiys fjfikdtl mdge;s tl reêrh fõwm lh ;=< ÿjkd
tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhdatl f,i tys jefvkdÔj;a jk wm fuu ksjfiafid¢k isáh hq;= fõ
ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkSfj<S iu.s oñkSrka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;dlsis l, fkdu Èrkd
wdkkao iurfldaka
v
fmrjok
oshqKqfõ ysKsfm; lrd .uka lrkd j;auka f,djg" ks;e;skau wjeis jkqfha
jvd;a kjH jQ wOHdmk l%uhls' tu`.ska ks¾udKh l< hq;af;a ukq.=Koï imsreKq
yd l=i,;dj,ska hqla; ore mrmqrls' tlS W;a;=x. fufyjrg cj n,h imhñka"
úYaùh wNsfhda. i`oyd Èßfhka uqyqK Èh yels isiq mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍu i`oyd
iydh ùu wmf.a mru j.lSu jkafka h' bf.kqï wdOdrl iïmdok ld¾hh
fjkqfjka il%Sh f,i ueÈy;a fjñka wm fomd¾;fïka;=j ta fjkqfjka odhl;ajh
,nd fokafka cd;sfha oreoeßhkaf.a keK myka o,ajd,Sfï W;=ï wÈgfkks'
fm<fmd; úfgl oekqï fldaIaGd.drhls' th ;j;a úfgl wm úkaokd;aul
f,djlg o le`ojdf.k hhs' tfiau fï fm<fmd;a wmf.a ;¾l nqoaêh jvjd,kafka
wfkalúO l=i,;d mqnqÿ lrjd.kakg o iqúi,a t<s oyrla fjñks' úÿìfuka iuq.;a
Èkl jqj wmßñ; wdorfhka iaurKh l< yels u;l" fm<fmd;a msgq w;r oejà
Tn iu`.ska w;aje,a ne`o tkq fkdwkqudk h' fï fm<fmd; iu`.u ;j ;j;a
oekqï wjldY msß biõ fj; ks;s mshuksñka mßmQ¾K;ajh w;a lr.ekqug Tn ieu
ksr;=rej wem lem úh hq;= h'
ksoyia wOHdmkfha uydk¾> ;Hd.hla fia fï mqia;lh Tn foda;g msßkefï'
fm<fmd;a fjkqfjka rch jeh lr we;s iqúi,a OkialkaOhg w¾:iïmkak w.hla
,nd Èh yelafla Tng muKs' fuu mdGH .%ka:h ukdj mßYS,kh lrñka keK .=K
msß mqrjeishka ù wkd.; f,dj taldf,dal lrkakg oefha ish¨ ¥ orejka fj; Èßh
iúh ,efíjdhs yoj;ska iqn m;ñ'
fm<fmd;a iïmdok ld¾hh fjkqfjka wm%udK jQ iïm;Aodhl;ajhla
iemhQ f,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqï uKav, idudðl msßjrg;a wOHdmk m%ldYk
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,fha ieug;a udf.a yomsß m%Kduh mqolrñ'
mS' tka' whs,mafmreu
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
biqremdh
n;a;ruq,a,
2020'06'26
vi
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh
mS' tka' whs,mafmreu wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
fufyhùu -
ví,sõ ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ^ixj¾Ok&"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
iïnkaëlrKh -
tia' olaIsKd lia;=ßwdrÉÑ ksfhdacH flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ixialdrl uKav,h
wdpd¾h m%idoa úu,r;ak wxYdêm;s" ikaksfõok yd udOH ;dlaIK wOHhkdxYh"
fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl wOHhkdh;kh" fld<U 07
wdpd¾h tÉ' t,a' fma%ur;a; fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h" fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl
wOHhkdh;kh" fld<U 07
wdpd¾h mS' tï' à' î' ikaÈß.u fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h" mß.Kl bxðfkare fomd¾;fïka;=j"
bxðfkare mSGh" fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h" fmardfoKsh
tia' ta' tia' f,dfrkaiq fyajd fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h" mß.Kl úoHd wOHhkdxYh" reyqK
úYajúoHd,h" ud;r
fla' mS' tï' fla' is,ajd lÓldpd¾h" fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl wOHhkdh;kh"
fld<U
tia' olaIsKd lia;=ßwdrÉÑ ksfhdacH flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
f,aLl uKav,h
ta' iqks,a iurùr .=re WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dkh"
lE.,a,
whs' wd¾' tka' tÉ' lreKdr;ak uOHia:dk l<ukdlre" l,dmSh mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dkh"
ckdêm;s úoHd,h" uyr.u
fla' ù' tia' tï' fudydka,d,a mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl
iïm;a uOHia:dkh" fo‚hdh uOH uyd úoHd,h" fo‚hdh
ví' tï' ta' tia' úfÊfialr uOHia:dk l<ukdlre ^úY%dñl&" yd,swe, mß.Kl iïm;a
uOHia:dkh" yd,swe,
à' fla' m,a,sh.=ref.a mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" nm$ch$Y%S hfYdaOrd
uyd úoHd,h" msÜgq.," ud,fí
mS' fÊ' fla' ly.,a, mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl
iïm;a uOHia:dkh" Y%S rdyq, nd,sld úoHd,h" ud,fí
NdId ixialrKh
rxð;a b¨mamsáh ksfhdacH flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
msg ljr ks¾udKh
pñkao ymqwdrÉÑ wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh
mS' tA' ã' ksixi,d i|ud,s wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
vii
mgqk
msgq wxl
1 ixLHd moaO;s 1
2fufyhqï moaO;sh Ndú;fhka mß.Klhla úkHdi
lsÍu iy isgqjï lsÍu 11
3 joka ieliSu 34
4 l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su 39
5 fN!;sl wd.Kkh i`oyd uDÿldx. Ndú;h 55
6 wka;¾cd,fha ießiruq 63
viii
6 - 11 fY%aKs f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fm<fmd;aj,
wka;¾.; lreKq iy isiqkaf.a ks¾udKYS,s;ajh j¾Okh ms<sn`o
fhdackd iy .=Kfodia [email protected] hk
,smskhg tjkafka kï lD;{ fjuq'
ixialdrl uKav,h
1fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
fuu mdvfuka Tng"
² ixLHd moaO;shl ixfla;
² ixLHd moaO;shl mdoh
² oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sh
² oYuh ixLHd moaO;sh
² oYuh ixLHd oaúuh ixLHd njg yerùu
² oaúuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHd njg yerùu
² oaúuh ixfla; weiqßka o;a; ksrEmKh
ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels h'
ixLHd moaO;sj, wjYH;dj 1'1
Hello
101101001…..
rEmh 1'1 - mßYS,l yd mß.Klh
ñksid ;u ld¾hhka myiqfjka"
ksjerÈj yd jvd;a ld¾hlaIu;dfjka
bgqlr .ekSu i`oyd mß.Kl Ndú; lrhs'
ñksidg iqmqreÿ NdIdj,ska mß.Klhg o;a;
yd Wmfoia ,nd ÿkak o tajd ta wdldrfhka
u f;areï .ekSfï yelshdjla mß.Klhg
fkdue;' ^rEmh 1'1 n,kak'&
ta wkqj" ñksid úiska ,nd fokq
,nk mdG (text)" ixLHd (numbers)" rEm
(image)" Yío (sound) iy ùäfhda jeks iEu
wdldrhl u o;a; iy Wmfoia mß.Klh
ixLHd;aul w.hhka f,i y`ÿkd .kshs'
^rEmh 1'2 n,kak'&
ixLHd moaO;s1
2
10010100...1010010101010.....01011010………….....………………….....………10010011.....010010101.....001010100101010101.....1010001
101101....01010
11110101..000101
0110101....000101
0110...110101010
ICT or Information and Communication Technology is the infrastructure and components that enable ...
mdG (text) Yío (audio)
rEm (image) ùäfhda o¾Yk (video)
mß.Kl u;lh
(computer memory)
rEmh 1'2 - úúO o;a; mß.Kl u;lh ;=< oaúuh wdldrfhka mj;ajd .ekSu
ixLHd moaO;shla hkq l=ula o?
ixLHd moaO;shla hkq ixLHd ,sùug Ndú; l< yels l%ufõohls' ixLHd
moaO;s lsysmhla mj;shs' tla tla ixLHd moaO;sh i`oyd ksYaÑ; ixfla; m%udKhla
fhdod .efka'
úúO ixLHd moaO;s 1'2
lsishï ixLHdjla wh;a jkafka l=uk ixLHd moaO;shlg oehs oelaùug
tys mdoh fhdod .kq ,efí' ixLHd moaO;sfha we;s tlsfklg fjkia jQ ixfla;
(symbols) .Kk tys mdoh (base) fõ'
wm úiska wOHhkh l< hq;= ixLHd moaO;s y;rla we;' tu ixLHd moaO;sj,
ixfla; yd mdoh my; 1'1 j.=fõ i`oyka mßÈ fõ'
j.=j 1'1 - úúO ixLHd moaO;s
ixLHd moaO;sh (number system) ixfla; (symbols) mdoh (base) oaúuh (Binary) 0, 1 2wIaguh (Octal) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8 oYuh (Decimal) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10
Iâ oYuh (Hexadecimal) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F 16
3
igyk - 8 fY%aKsfha § oaúuh ixLHd iy oYuh ixLHd moaO;s
muKla wOHhkh flf¾'
ixLHdjl mdoh oelaùu 1'3
ixLHdjla wh;a jk ixLHd moaO;sh oelaùug tys mdoh fhdod .efka' ixLHdjg
ol=Kq mi my< fl<jf¾ mdoh olajkq ,efí'
Wod - oaúuh ixLHd - 1012 , 1110112 wIaguh ixLHd - 1018 , 5738 oYuh ixLHd - 10110 , 4710 Iâ oYuh ixLHd - 10116 , 7B16
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 1'1 n,kak'
oYuh ixLHd moaO;sh 1'4
ñksidg yqremqreÿ ixLHd moaO;sh oYuh (decimal) ixLHd moaO;sh fõ' wms
fuys ixfla; b,lalï f,i ye`Èkaùug mqreÿ ù isáuq' ish¨ wxl .Ks;uh lghq;=
i`oyd ñksid oYuh ixLHd Ndú; lrhs'
oYuh ixLHd moaO;sfha ixfla; - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
ixLHdjla ,shk úg tys ixfla; msysgk ia:dkh wkqj ixLHdfõ jákdlu
fjkia fõ'
Wod - 1" 2" 3 hk ixfla; fhdod .ksñka ,súh yels ixLHd my; oelafõ'
123 132 213 231 312 321
wvq u w.h jeä u w.h
oYuh ixLHdjla iE§ we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'
231" .Kl rduqjl ksrEmKh lsÍu
100ishfha
tajd
102
10oyfha
tajd
101
1tfla
tajd
100
} } } }
} }Wod - 23110 = 2 × 102 + 3 × 101 + 1 × 100
= 2 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 1 × 1 = 200 + 30 + 1
= 231
231 úysÿjd oelAùu
ia:dkSh w.h
100, 101, 102 ... u.ska oYuh ixfla;j, ia:dkSh w.h ksrEmKh flf¾'
4
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 1'2 n,kak'
oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sh 1'5
tlsfkl fjkia ixfla; folla muKla Ndú; flfrk ixLHd moaO;sh"
oaúuh (binary) ixLHd moaO;sh f,i ye`Èkafõ' tu ixfla; fol 0 yd 1 fõ'
oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sfha ixfla; - 0, 1
oaúuh ixfla; jk 0 fyda 1" ìgqjla (bit) f,i kï lr we;'
Bit = B inary dig it 0 fyda 1
oaúuh ixLHdjla iE§ we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'
1012 .Kl rduqjl ksrEmKh lsÍu
4y;f¾
tajd
22
2fofla
tajd
21
1tfla
tajd
20
} } }Wod - 1012 = 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20
= 1 × 4 + 0 × 2 + 1 × 1 = 4 + 0 + 1
= 510
1012 úysÿjd oelAùu
} } }
20, 21, 22 ... u.ska oaúuh ixfla;j, ia:dkSh w.h ksrEmKh flf¾'
hïlsis ixLHdjla tla ixLHd moaO;shlska fjk;aa ixLHd moaO;shlg yerùfï wjYH;dj
1'6
wm úiska mß.Klhg fokq ,nk ish¨ wdodk mß.Klh ;=< oaúuh
wdldrfhka mj;ajd .efka' ;j o mß.Klh ;=< oaúuh wdldrfhka mj;sk o;a;
ilia lr f;dr;=re f,i m%;sodkh lrkq ,nkafka mdG" rEm" Yío" ùäfhda jeks
wdldrj,sks'
mßYS,l úiska h;=re mqjrefjka wdodkh lrkq ,nk ixLHdjla mß.Klh
;=< igyka flfrkqfha tys oaúuh iajrEmfhks' tfy;a th kej; mßYS,lhdg
fmfkk f,i ixo¾Ylfha Èia lrkqfha oYuh f,isks' ^rEmh 1'3&
5
DocumentHome Insert Page Layout Mail Merge
9
9
00001001
9 = 00001001
Processor (CPU)
Binary numberDigit
fudksgrh u; wxl 9 o¾Ykh
ùu3
ilikh
u.ska th
00001001
f,i ìgq
rgdjlska
y`ÿkd
.ekSu
2mßYS,l
h;=re
mqjrefõ
wxl 9
fnd;a;u
tîu
1
rEmh 1'3 - ixLHdjla oYuh f,i wdodkh l< úg oaúuh wdldrhg yerùu
tneúka hïlsis ixLHdjla tla ixLHd moaO;shl isg fjk;a ixLHd
moaO;shlg yerùu wmg jeo.;a fõ'
1'6'1 oYuh ixLHd oaúuh ixLHd njg yerùu
oYuh ixLHdj foflka fnod b;sß w.h igyka lrñka wjidkfha b;sß
w.h f,i 0 ,efnk f;la È.ska È.g u fnokq ,efí' bka miq j wjidkhg ,o
ìgqfõ isg uq,ska u ,o ìgqj olajd igyka lrkq ,efí'
Wod - 1310 ixLHdj oaúuh ixLHdjla njg yerùu
13262
32120
1011
1310 = 11012
fn§u ,íêh fYaIh
13/2 6 16/2 3 03/2 1 11/2 0 1
----
6
Wod - 3410 ixLHdj oaúuh ixLHdjla njg yerùu
12
342172
8242
22
0
010001
3410 = 1000102
fn§u ,íêh fYaIh
34/2 17 017/2 8 18/2 4 04/22/2
21
00
1/2 0 1
------
Wod - 4910 ixLHdj oaúuh ixLHdjla njg yerùu
12
492242
12262
32
0
100011
4910 = 1100012
fn§u ,íêh fYaIh
49/2 24 124/2 12 012/2 6 06/23/2
31
01
1/2 0 1
------
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 1'3 n,kak'
1'6'2 oaúuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHd njg yerùu
oaúuh ixLHdfõ tla tla ìgqjg wkqrEmSj foflys n,fhka tu ìgqfjys
w.h .=K lr ,efnk w.hhka tl;= lsÍfuka oYuh w.h .Kkh lrkq ,nhs'
^rEmh 1'4 n,kak&
oaúuh ixLHdj (binary)
oYuh ixLHdj (decimal)
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1128 0 32 0 8 0 0 0
128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 0
101010002= 16810
= 168
} } } } } } } }rEmh 1'4 - oaúuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHd njg yerùu
ia:dkSh w.h
7
2 ys n,
20 = 121 = 2 22 = 423 = 8
24 = 16 25 = 32 26 = 64
27 = 128 28 = 25629 = 512
210 = 1024
Wod 1 -
24 23 22 21 20
1 0 1 1 1 = 1×24 + 0×23 + 1×22 + 1×21 + 1×20
= 1×16 + 0×8 + 1×4 + 1×2 + 1×1
= 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 2310
101112=2310
Wod 2 -
24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0 = 1×24 + 0×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 0×20
= 1×16 + 0×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 0×1
= 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0
= 1810
100102=1810
Wod 3 -
24 23 22 21 20
1 1 1 1 1 = 1×24 + 1×23 + 1×22 + 1×21 + 1×20
= 1×16 + 1×8 + 1×4 + 1×2 + 1×1
= 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 3110
111112=3110
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 1'4 n,kak'
8
mß.Klh 0 iy 1 Ndú;fhka o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍu
1'7
mß.Klh ''ON'' fyda ''OFF'' hk
wjia:dj,ska iukaú; úoHq;a ix{d Ndú; lrhs'
''ON'' wjia:dj ''1'' u.ska o" ''OFF'' wjia:dj" ''0'' u.ska o ksrEmKh flf¾' ta wkqj mß.Klh
o;a; ksrEmKh lrkafka 0 yd 1 ys wkql%uhla
^ìgq rgdjla& wdldrfhks'
wm úiska mß.Klhg wdodkh lrkq ,nk mdG" Yío yd rEm wdÈ o;a; iy
Wmfoia mß.Kl u;lh ;=< ;ekam;a jkafka oaúuh ìgq wkql%u jYfhks' tneúka
mß.Klh ish¨ u wdldrfha o;a; ieliSug fmr oaúuh wdldrhg yerùu l< hq;=
fõ'
Wod -
ñksid o;a; olsk wdldrh
mß.Klh o;a; olsk wdldrh
1010...10101011...11010101........................
11..1100101.0010111...0101....................
1000001
rEmh oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu
y`v oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu
A wlaIrh oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu
00010019 b,lalu oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu
ta wkqj ish¨ u wdodk mß.Klh ;=<g oaúuh wdldrfhka ,ndf.k oaúuh
wdldrfhka ilid tu f;dr;=re mdG" rEm" Yío yd ùäfhda wdldrhg u wod<
m%;sodk Wmdx. fj; ,nd fohs'
9
mdG" rEm" Yío wdÈ f,i o;a; ,nd.ekSu wdodk
oaúuh wdldrfhka o;a; ieliSuieliSu
oaúuh wdldrfha isg kej;" mdG" rEm" Yío wdÈ f,i ,nd§u m%;sodk
mß.Klh ;=< ish¨ ld¾hhka 0 (OFF) yd 1 (ON) hk wjia:d fol
wkqidrfhka l%shd;aul fõ' o;a; oaúuh wdldrfhka mß.Klfha m%Odk u;lh fj;
,nd .efka' bka wk;=rej tu oaúuh ìgq rgdj ilikh fj; hjd th y`ÿkdf.k
ieliSfuka miq kej; u;lh fj; fhduq flf¾' bka miqj wod< m%;sodk Wmdx.h
fj; fhduq flf¾' ta wkqj mß.Klfha ish¨ wdodk" ieliqu yd m%;sodk ld¾hhkag
wod< oaúuh wdldrfha mj;sk o;a; mß.Klfha ixrplj,g .,d hk wdldrh rEmh
1'5 u`.ska oelafõ'
m%Odk u;lh
(main memory)laIqø ilikh
(microprocessor)
110...101
1110...11
1010...10
010...10äðg,a leurdj
(digital camera)
h;=re mqjrej
(keyboard)
moaO;s tallh
(system unit)
ixo¾Ylh
(monitor)
rEm (image)
mdG (text)
1
2
3
rEmh 1'5 - mß.Kl moaO;sh ;=< oaúuh o;a; yqjudre ùu
10
mß.Klhg h;=re mqjrej" äðg,a leurdj jeks wdodk Wml%u Tiafia o;a;
we;=<;aùu" m%Odk u;lh ;=< ;djld,slj;a" oDV ;eáh ;=< iaÒrj;a ;ekam;a lr
.ekSu" ilikh u.ska o;a; ieliSu iy ilik ,o o;a; ^f;dr;=re& m%;sodk
Wml%u fj; heùu hk ld¾hhka ish,a, 0 yd 1 hk wjia:d fol weiqßka isÿflf¾'
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 1'5 n,kak'
ixLHd
moaO;shoaúuh (binary) oYuh (decimal)
ixfla; 0, 1 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9mdoh (base) 2 10
ixLHd
ksrEmK
WodyrKhla
1110102 36710
hïlsis
ixLHdjla
tla
moaO;shl
isg wfkla
moaO;shg
yerùu
isÿlrkq
,nk
wdldrh
oaúuh isg oYuh olajd
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 11 × 20 = 1 × 1 = 10 × 21 = 0 × 2 = 00 × 22 = 0 × 4 = 01 × 23 = 1 × 8 = 81 × 24 = 1 × 16 = 160 × 25 = 0 × 32 = 01 × 26 = 1 × 64 = 64
1 × 27 = 1 × 128 = 128
1 + 8 + 16 + 64 + 128 = 217
oYuh isg oaúuh olajd
92
782392192
1562
422212
fYaIh
15610 = 100111002
0
- 0 - 0 - 1- 1- 1- 0- 0- 1
idrdxYh
11
fuu tallh yeoEÍfuka Tng"
² mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh (time zone)" fõ,dj" uqo,a tall"
ixLHd iy tajdfha wdlD;s isgqjï lsÍu (format settings) ² mß.Kl f.dkq .=Kdx. úkHdih (file attribute configuration) ² mß.Klhl f.dkq fiùu (file searching) ² mß.Klhl oDVdx. ir, fodaI" fodaIdfõlaIKh lr úi`§u
² mß.Kl uDÿldx. ir, fodaI" fodaIdfõlaIKh lr úi£u
hk lreKq ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,efnkq we;'
mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh" uqo,a tall iy ixLHd wdlD;s isgqjï lsÍu
2'1
uf.a mß.Klfha uqo,a tallh
yeuodu;a fvd,¾ i,l=K' ug
tal remsh,aj,g fjkia lr
.kak úÈhla keoao@
uf.a Trf,daiqfõ fõ,djhs fï
mß.Klfha fõ,djhs fjkia'
uu Bfh;a mß.Klfha fõ,dj
yeÿjd' wo wdfh;a fjkia
fj,d'
Th fokakf.a u
m%Yakj,g úi`ÿï fufyhqï
moaO;sfha ;sfhkjd' wmsg
wjYH jkafka tajd ksjerÈj
isgqjï lr .ekSuhs'
fufyhqï moaO;sh Ndú;fhka mß.Klhla úkHdi lsÍu iy isgqjï lsÍu 2
12
mß.Klhl jvd;a M,odhS l%shdldß;ajhla i`oyd tys Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh"
fõ,dj" uqo,a tall" ixLHd iy tajdfha wdlD;s (formats) wdÈ o;a; th Ndú;
lrkq ,nk rgg .e<fmk f,i isgqjï lr ;eîu jeo.;a h'
2'1'1 mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh" fõ,dj
my; oelafjk ld¾hhj, § we;s úh yels ndOl bj;a lr .ekSug bka
yelsfõ'
² uDÿldx. ia:dmkh lsÍu (install) fyda tajd hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu (update) ² fhÿï uDÿldx. iu. lghq;= lsÍfï § hï uDÿldx.hla kshñ;
fõ,djl § l%shd;aul ùu" jid oeóu" hdj;ald,Sk ùu hk lreKq
i`oyd Wmf,aLk lsÍu (scheduling) ² fufyhqï moaO;sh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu (update) ² uDÿldx. n,m;% il%sh lsÍu (activation)
mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh iy fõ,dj isgqjï lsÍfï jeo.;alu
mß.Klhl Èkh iy fõ,dj
fufyhqï moaO;sh úiska f.dkq iq/lSu"
f.dkq fiùu" isys le`oùu" jHdmdr ,sms heùï
hkdÈfha § mß.Klfha Èkh iy fõ,dj
Ndú; lrk neúka mß.Klfha Èkh iy
fõ,dj ksjerÈ j ilia lr mj;ajd f.k hdu
jeo.;a h'
mß.Klhl fõ,d l,dmh
cd;Hka;r iïu;hg wkqj f,dalfha rgj,a
fõ,d l,dmj,g fnod we;' fõ,d l,dm
kS;suh" jdKsc iy iudc wruqKq i`oyd
wkkH jQ iïu; fõ,djka mj;ajdf.k hhs'
Wod - Y%S ,xldfõ fõ,dj fm'j 6'00 jk úg
tx.,ka;fha fõ,dj fm'j 1'30 fõ'
13
uqo,a tall iy tajdfha wdlD;s
mß.Klhl idudkHfhka isgqjï (default setting) lr we;af;a fufyhqï moaO;sh
ksmojQ rfÜ uqo,a tallhhs'
tu ksid wm rfÜ Ndú;hg wod< uqo,a
tallh wm ilid .; hq;= h'
ixLHd ,sùfï wdlD;s
cd;Hka;r jYfhka Ndú; lrkq ,nk
ixLHd iy uqo,a ,sùfï iïu; wdlD;s
fkd;sîu wka;¾cd,h yryd lrk
lghq;=j, § ndOl njg m;a úh yels h'
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 2'1 n,kak'
2'1'2 mß.Klhl f.dkq .=Kdx.
mß.Klhl we;s iEu f.dkqjlg u wod< jQ .=Kdx. (attributes) lsysmhla
we;' tajd my; rEmh 2'1 ka oelafõ'
rEmh 2'1 - f.dkq .=Kdx.
f.dkq .=Kdx. (file attributes)
f.dkqfõ m%j¾.h"
f.dkq kduh"
f.dkq È.=j
Wod -
text.doc, mypresention.ppt
f.dkqfõ
úYd,;ajh
f.dkqfõ
whs;sjdislï
(rights)
wjika jrg
f.dkqfjys
fjkialï
l< Èkh
f.dkqj
ks¾udKh
l< Èkh
f.dkqj
iq/lS we;s
ia:dkh
14
igyk - f.dkqfõ È.=fjka tys m%j¾.h oelafõ' WodyrKhla f,i
th mß.Klfha l%shd;aul l< yels (executable) f.dkqjlA o pdf f.dkqjla o wdÈ jYfhks'
f.dkq .=Kdx.j, m%fhdack fudkjd o@
² f.dkqj ms<sn`o jeo.;a úia;r f.dkq .=Kdx. u.ska ,nd foa' ;j o
f.dkqfõ whs;sjdislï fjkia lsÍfuka my; oE l< yels h'
◦ f.dkqj o¾Ykh fkdù i`.jd ;nd .ekSu (hidden) l< yels h'
◦ f.dkqj wdrlaId lr .ekSfï l%shdjla f,i wka whg f.dkqj
o¾Ykh jqj o ixialrKh lsÍfï yelshdj je<elaùu (read only) l< yels h'
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 2'2 n,kak'
2'1'3 mß.Klhl f.dkq fiùu (file search)
mß.Klhl iqrlsk ,o f.dkqjla miqj kej; újD; lsÍug
wjYH jQ úfgl tu f.dkqfõ ku fyda iq/ls ia:dkh fyda
wu;l jqj fyd;a tu f.dkqj fidhd .ekSu i`oyd f.dkq
fiùu (file search) fhdod .; yels h'
fï i`oyd úúO l%u fufyhqï moaO;sh ;=< we;s w;r
f.dkqfõ ku (file name)" f.dkq È.=j (file extension)" iqrlsk ,o Èkh jeks Wmldrl u.ska f.dkq fidhd .ekSu
WodyrK f,i oelaúh yels h'
idudkHfhka f.dkqjl m%j¾.h (file type) wmg wu;l
fkdfõ' tf,i u f.dkq kdufha È.=j (file extension) u.ska
f.dkqfõ m%j¾.h olajk neúka tu Wmldrlh Ndú; lr
f.dkqjla fidhk wdldrh l%shdldrlula f,i lr n,uq'
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 2'3 n,kak'
15
mß.Klj, uQ,sl fodaIdfõlaIKh (Troubleshooting) iy kv;a;=j (Maintenance)2'2
mß.Klh iu. lghq;= lrk Tng fndfyda úg uqyqK§ug isÿ jk uQ,sl
.eg¨ j¾. folla we;' wms tajd y÷kd .ksuq'
oDVdx. fodaI
mß.Kl wdY%s; fodaI
uDÿldx. fodaI
fhÿï uDÿldx. fodaI fufyhqï uDÿldx. fodaI
uq,ska u wms oDVdx. wdY%s; fodaI fudkjd oehs úuid n,uq'
mß.Klhl oDVdx. fodaI y`ÿkd .ekSug thg wfkl=;a Wmdx. iïnkaO
lrk flfjks (ports) y`ÿkd .ekSu jeo.;a h ^rEmh 2'2 n,kak&'
1 PS2 flfjksh
h;=re mqjrej$uQislh i|yd
2 VGA flfjksh
VGA iïnkaOlh iys; ixo¾Ylh i|yd
3 DVI flfjksh
DVI iïnkaOlh iys; ixo¾Ylh i|yd
16
4 HDMI flfjkshixo¾Ylh i|yd rEmjdyskshla iïnkaO
lrk úg fhdod .; yels h' fuu /yeka
u.ska Y%jH iy oDYH (audio and video) wdodk iy m%;sodk l< yels h'
5 USB
mß.Klhg iïnkaO l< yels USB j¾.fha
iïnkaOl iys; ish¨ Wmdx. i|yd
6 RJ45 B;¾fkÜ flfjksh
mß.Kl cd,.; lsÍug fhdod .kakd
RJ45 iïnkaOl iys; /yeka i|yd
7 eSata flfjksh
ndysr wdphk (external storage) Wmdx.
i|yd
8 HD Audio flfjksh
by< ;;a;ajfha Y%jH i|yd
9 Display flfjksh mß.Klhg äðg,a ixo¾Yl i`oyd
jk VGA iy DVI jeks fjk;a o¾Yl
iïm%odhkag jvd Wiia ld¾h idOkhla
,nd §u i`oyd
rEmh 2'2 - mß.Klhl flfjks
17
by; oelafjk flfjksj,g wu;rj fïi mß.Klj, fuka u Wl=¿
mß.Klj," geí iy cx.u ÿrl;kj, we;s flfjks lsysmhla my; rEmh 2'3 ys
olajd we;' wms tu flfjks o y÷kd .ksuq'
Parallel flfjksh uqølh i|yd fndfyda úg Ndú; fõ' tfy;a
kùk uqølj, we;af;a USB iïnkaOl /yeka
ksid kùk mß.Klj,ska fuu flfjksh bj;a
lr we;'
Micro USB flfjksh
cx.u ¥rl:k" MP 3 Odjl" photo printer" äðg,a leurd jeks iqyqre Wmdx. iïnkaO
lsÍug fhdod.efka'
SD card reader
SD card lshùu i|yd Ndú; flf¾' Wl=¿
mß.Kl geí jeks WmlrKj, olakg ,efí'
rEmh 2'3 - mß.Kl flfjks
mß.Klhg iïnkaO lrk úúO Wmdx. i|yd Ndú; flfrk flfjks
.Kkdjla u wms y÷kd.;suq' úúO Wmdx.j, fodaIdfõlaIKh i|yd fuu oekqu
b;d jeo.;a fõ' oeka wms mß.Klhg iïnkaO lr we;s úúO Wmdx.j, fodaI
.fõIKh lr tajdg úi÷ï fidhuq'
2'2'1 oDVdx. fodaI
oDVdx. ir,
fodaI i`oyd
WodyrK
² mß.Klh l%shd;aul fkdùu
² h;=re mqjrej (keyboard) l%shd;aul fkdùu
² uQislh (mouse) l%shd;aul fkdùu
² ixo¾Ylh (monitor) l%shd;aul fkdùu
² kdol (speakers) l%shd;aul fkdùu
² cd,h yd iïnkaO fkdùu
18
.eg¨j 01 (mß.Klh n, .ekaùfï fnd;a;u (power button) tnQ úg
mß.Klh l%shd;aul fkdùu'
wk;=reodhlhs æææ
fuu mdvug wod< hï hï l%shdldrlï w;r úÿ,sh
iïnkaOj lrk l%shdldrlïj, § oeä wjOdkhlska
hq;=j .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a fyda wëlaIKh
hgf;a lghq;= lrkak'
úÿ,s /yeka mÍlaId lsÍfï § m%Odk úÿ,s iemhqu
úikaê lrkak'
fujeks wjia:djl § l< hq;af;a l=ula o@
úi`ÿu 01 (
mß.Klhg úÿ,sh imhk m%Odk flfjksfha isg mß.Klh olajd úÿ,sh
imhk /yeka iy iïnkaOl ksjerÈj iïnkaO lr we;s oehs mÍlaId lsÍu'
mß.Klhg úÿ,sh imhd we;af;a wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hla (UPS) yryd fyda Rcqj u fyda úh yels h'
ì;a;sfha m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh úikaê lrkak'
mshjr 1
19
wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hg úÿ,sh imhk /yefka fmakqj
(plug) wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hg fyd¢ka iúlr we;s
oehs mÍlaIdlr n,kak' tfuka u wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.fha isg
mß.Klhg úÿ,sh imhk /yefka fmakqj wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hg
fyd¢ka iïnkaO lr ;sfí oehs mÍlaId lr n,d tfia fkdue;s kï fyd¢ka
iïnkaO lrkak'
mshjr 2
wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.fha isg tk /yeka mß.Klhg
iy ixo¾Ylhg fyd¢ka iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lrkak'
iuyr wjia:dj, § mß.Klfha moaO;s tallh (system unit) tflka
ixo¾Ylhg úÿ,sh imhd ;sìh yels h' tjeks wjia:djl kï tu úÿ,s
/yefka fofl<jr fyd¢ka iïnkaO lr we;s oehs mÍlaId lr n,d tfia
fkdue;s kï fyd¢ka iïnkaO lrkak'
mshjr 3
20
by; i|yka ish,a, ksjerÈ kï m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh
ikaê lr wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.h l%shd;aul lrkak'mshjr 4
bka miqj mß.Klh n, .kajkak' fndfyda úg mß.Klh
l%shd;aul úh yels h' ;j ÿrg;a mß.Klh n, .ekaùu l<
fkdyels kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'
mshjr 5
úi`ÿu 02 (
m%Odk iemhqfuka Rcqj u úÿ,sh imhd we;akï my; oelafjk ms<sfj<g
úÿ,s iïnkaO;dj mÍlaId lr n,kak'
ì;a;sfha m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh úikaê lrkak'
mshjr 1
21
m%Odk iemhqfuka tk /yeka" mß.Klhg iy ixo¾Ylhg
fyd¢ka iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lrkak' tfia fkdue;s kï
fyd¢ka iïnkaO lrkak'
mshjr 2
by; i|yka ish,a, ksjerÈ kï m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh ikaê
lrkak'mshjr 3
bka miqj mß.Klh n, .kajkak' fndfyda úg mß.Klh
l%shd;aul úh yels h' ;j ÿrg;a mß.Klh n, .ekaùu l<
fkdyels kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iyh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'
mshjr 4
.eg¨j 02 ( h;=re mqjrej fyda uQislh fyda l%shd;aul fkdùu
úi`ÿu 01 (
mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lrkak' kj werUqfï §" wl%sh ù ;snQ
h;=re mqjrej fyda uQislh fyda l%shd;aul oehs n,kak' fndfyda úg l%shd;aul fõ'
tfia fkdue;s kï my; l%shdldrlï lrkak'
22
úi`ÿu 02 (
mß.Klh shut down lrkak'mshjr 1
h;=re mqjrefõ iy uQislfha fmakq" flfjksj,g ksishdldrj
iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lsÍug my; mshjr wkq.ukh
lrkak'
mshjr 2
iïnkaO lsÍug fhdod we;s flfjksh wkqj h;=re mqjre iy uQisl j¾. folla
we;' tajd kï USB iy PS 2 hk j¾. folls'
i. USB j¾.h kï my; oelafjk wdldrhg USB fmakqj fyd¢ka flfjkshg
iïnkaO lrkak'
ii. PS 2 h;=re mqjrej iy uQislhla kï PS 2 fmakq fyd¢ka flfjksj,g
iïnkaO lrkak'
by; mshjr ksjerÈj wjika lf<a kï mß.Klh kej; mK.kajd n,kak'
fndfyda ÿrg fuu Wmdx. l%shd;aul úh hq;= h' tfia fkdjqKfyd;a Tfí h;=re
mqjrefõ fodaIhla ;sfí oehs oek .ekSu i|yd fjk;a h;=re mqjrejla fyda uQislhlA
fyda iïnkaO lr n,kak' tajd l%shd;aul fkdjkafka kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a
iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'
23
.eg¨j 03 ( ixo¾Ylh (monitor) l%shd;aul fkdùu
úi`ÿu (
ixo¾Ylfha mK.ekaùfï fnd;a;u l%shd;aul lr ;sfí oehs
n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï l%shd;aul lrkak' túg o ixo¾Ylh
l%shd;aul fkdfõ kï my; mshjrg hkak'
mshjr 1
mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lrkak' kj werUqfï §" wl%sh ù
;snQ ixo¾Ylh l%shd;aul oehs n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï iïnkaO
ksjerÈ oehs mÍlaId lsÍug my; mshjr wkq.ukh lrkak'
mshjr 2
Tnf.a mß.Klfha ixo¾Ylhg o;a; imhk /yeka j¾.h
y÷kdf.k ksjerÈ flfjkshg fyd¢ka iïnkaO lrkak' tajd"
VGA, DVI fyda HDMI úh yel' tfiakï my; oelafjk wdldrhg ksjerÈj
iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lr n,kak'
mshjr 3
VGA
DVI
HDMI
24
ixo¾Ylhg úÿ,sh imhk /yek my; oelafjk wdldrhg
ksjerÈj iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lr n,kak'mshjr 4
by; mshjr ish,a, ksjerÈj wjika lf<a kï mß.Klh kej;
mK .ekajQ úg fndfyda ÿrg ixo¾Ylh l%shd;aul jkq we;' tfia
fkdjqKfyd;a Tfí ikao¾Ylfha fodaIhla ;sfí oehs oek .ekSu i|yd
fjk;a ixo¾Ylhla iïnkaO lr n,kak' túg o l%shd;aul fkdjkafka
kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'
mshjr 5
.eg¨j 04 ( kdol (speakers) l%shd;aul fkdùu
úi`ÿu (
kdolj, we;s Yío md,lh u.ska Yíoh wju lr we;s oehs n,d
th Wmßuh foig lrljkak' túg o Yíohla fkdue;s kï
my; mshjrg hkak'
Yío md,lh
mshjr 1
25
mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska Yíoh wju lr fyda wl%sh lr
fyda we;s oehs ne,Sug Tfí mß.Kl ;srfha hg fl<jf¾ we;s Task Bar tflys ol=Kq fl<jf¾ we;s kdolhl rEmh u; fojrla la,sla
lsÍfuka y~ md,lh ,nd.; yels h' tys we;s slider tl tyd fuyd lr
y~ wvq jeä lr.; yels h' tfia y~ jeä l< miq;a y~ ke;s kï my;
mshjrg hkak'
mshjr 2
Digit OutMicrophone In
Analog Line in Front Left/Right & Headphone
Center/SubwooferSurround Left/Right
Surround Back Left/Right
mß.Klh iy
kdol iïnkaO lrk
/yeka kdolj, ;dlaIKh
wkqj fjkia fõ' Tfí
kdol moaO;sh HD Audio ;dlaIKh iys; kï my;
oelafjk rEmfha wdldrhg
j¾K wkqj /yeka ksjerÈj
iïnkaO ù we;s oehs
mÍlaId lr n,kak' tfia
fkdue;s kï ksjerÈj
iïnkaO lrkak'
mshjr 3
Tfí kdol moaO;sh m%ldY wxls; Y%jH (optical digital audio) ;dlaIKh
iys; kï iïnkaO l< hq;af;a tl /yekls' th my; oelafjk rEmfha
wdldrhg ksjerÈ flfjkshg iïnkaO lrkak'
26
fndfyda kdol i|yd úÿ,sh fjk u ,nd Èh hq;= h' ta i|yd
fjk u úÿ,s /yekla kdolhg iú lr we;' th úÿ,s fmakqjlg
iú lr úÿ,sh ,nd § we;s oehs n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï úÿ,sh ,nd
fokak'
mshjr 4
by; mshjr ksjerÈj wjika lf<a kï mß.Klh kej;
mK.kajd n,kak" fndfyda ÿrg kdol l%shd;aul jkq we;s' tfia
fkdjqKfyd;a Tfí kdolj, fodaIhla ;sfí oehs oek .ekSu i|yd fjk;a
kdol lÜg,hla iïnkaO lr n,kak' túg o l%shd;aul fkdjkafka kï
my; mshjr l%shd;aul lrkak'
mshjr 5
mß.Klfha Y%jH Odjl uDÿldx.h (audio device driver) ksjerÈj ia:dms; lr fkdue;s kï" ksjerÈ Odjl uDÿldx.h
ia:dms; l< hq;= h' fï i|yd Tn .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a fyda iydh
,nd .; hq;= fõ'
mshjr 6
by; ish¨ mshjr wid¾:l kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iydh
,nd .; hq;= fõ'mshjr 7
.eg¨j 05 ( mß.Klh cd,h yd iïnkaO fkdùu
igyk - mß.Klhla cd,hla yd iïnkaO jkafka cd,hg wh;a
iaúpfha (network switch) isg tk RJ45 iïnkaOlh iys; cd,
/yeklska h' fuu /yek iïnkaO lsÍug mß.Klfha B;¾fkÜ
w;=re uqyqK;la we;'
27
úi`ÿu (
fuu iïnkaOh ksjerÈ j isÿ ù we;s oehs my; oelafjk wdldrhg
mÍlaId lr n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï kej; ksjerÈj iïnkaO
lrkak' ksjerÈj iïnkaO jQ úg B;¾fkÜ ljq¿fõ l=vd úÿ,s nqnq<la
oe,afjkq we;'
RJ45 iïnkaOlh mß.Klfha w;=re uqyqK;
mshjr 1
by; mshjr wkq.ukh l< úg o cd,hg iïnkaO fkdfõ
kï" Tfí mß.Kl ;srfha hg fl<jf¾ we;s Task Bar tflys
ol=Kq fl<jf¾ we;s mß.Klhl rEmh u; Right la,sla lsÍfuka ,efnk
fukqfõ ''Troubleshoot Problems'' u; la,sla lrkak' túg fufyhqï
moaO;sh u.ska fodaIdfõlaIKh lr cd, iïnkaOh ksjerÈ lr fokq we;'
mshjr 2
igyk - mß.Kl cd,hlg iïnkaO ùug kï /yek iïnkaO
lsÍug wu;rj isgqjï l< hq;= fndfyda foa we;' tu lghq;= i|yd
wjir ,efnkafka mßmd,l .sKqulska cd,hg we;=<;a jqj fyd;a
mu‚' tneúka tu isgqjï ksjerÈ lr .ekSug Tfí .=re;=udf.a fyda
.=re;=ñhf.a fyda iydh ,nd .kak'
28
2'2'2 uDÿldx. fodaI
uDÿldx. fodaI j¾. fohdldrhls' th my; 2'4 rEmfhka oelafõ'
fhÿï uDÿldx. fodaI
uDÿldx. fodaI
fufyhqï moaO;sfha fodaI
rEmh 2'4 - uDÿldx. fodaI
fhÿï uDÿldx.
hï lsis ld¾hhla mß.Klh wdY%s;j bgq lr .ekSu i`oyd fhdod .kakd
uDÿldx. fhÿï uDÿldx. fõ'
Wod - joka ieliSfï uDÿldx. (word processing software) me;=reïm;a uDÿldx.h (spreadsheet software) fjí w;sßlaiqj (web browser) rEm ilia lsÍfï uDÿldx.h (photo editing software)
fhÿï uDÿldx. fodaI
² l%shd;aul lsÍug fkdyelsùu
² újD; jqj o m%;spdr fkdoelaùu
² iïmQ¾K w;=re uqyqK; fkdfmkSu
² újD; ùug fndfyda fõ,djla .ekSu iy b;d ukao.dó ùu
² mßYS,l úOdk u; l%shd;aul fkdùu
² fufyhqï moaO;sh ksishdldrj l%shd;aul fkdùu
úi`ÿu 01 (
fndfyda .eg¨j,g ir, u úi÷u jk uDÿldx.h jid oud (close) kej;
újD; lsÍu isÿ lrkak' tfia lsÍfuka m%;sM,hla fkd,efí kï B<Õ mshjrg
hkak'
úi`ÿu 02 (
uDÿldx.h Tnf.a mß.Klfha msßú;rj,g iy fufyhqï moaO;shg wkql+,
oehs (compatible) úuid n,kak' uDÿldx. wkql+,;ajh (software compatibility) hkq
tl u mß.Klfha fyda mß.Kl cd,hlska fyda iïnkaO jk úúO mß.Klj,
iuyr uDÿldx. tl mß.Kl mßirhlg wkql+, úh yels w;r fjk;a mßirhlg
wkql+, fkdúh yels h' WodyrK f,i Windows fufyhqï moaO;sh ;=< l%shd lrk
iuyr uDÿldx. Mac fufyhqï moaO;sh ;=< l%shd fkdlrhs' tneúka uDÿldx.h
Tfí mß.Klhg wkql+, oehs úuid n,kak' tfia wkql+, kï B<Õ mshjrg hkak'
29
úi`ÿu 03 (
uDÿldx.h n,m;% iys; uDÿldx.hla o hkak úuid n,kak' tfia;a ke;s
kï fkdñf,a Ndú; lsÍug § ;snQ ld,h (trial period) wjidk oehs úuid n,kak'
n,m;% ke;s fyda n,m;% ld,h ksu jQ uDÿldx. Ndú;fha § .eg¨ we;s fõ' tfia
fkdue;s kï B<Õ mshjrg hkak'
úi`ÿu 04 (
fhÿï uDÿldx.h ms<silr (repair) lrkak' bka miq mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lr uDÿldx.h újD; lr n,kak'
úi`ÿu 05 (
mß.Klfha ia:dms; lr we;s wl%sh jQ uDÿldx.h wia:dmkh (uninstall) lr
kej; ia:dmkh (install) lrkak' by; 4 iy 5 úi`ÿï i`oyd Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda
.=re;=ñhf.a fyda iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'
.eg¨j ( fhÿï uDÿldx.j, ks;r isÿ úh yels by; i`oyka fodaI ksjerÈ
lr .ekSug yels jqj o iuyr wjia:dj, § jhsri u.ska we;s
lrk n,mEu u; o tu fodaI we;s úh yels h' th o ie,ls,a,g f.k tu fodaI
bj;a lrkafka flfia oehs n,uq'
úi`ÿu (
m%;sjhsri (anti-virus) uDÿldx.hla u.ska mß.Klh iqmÍlaIKh (scan) lrkak' bka miq mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lr uDÿldx.h újD; lr
n,kak'
igyk - mß.Kl ffjrihla hkq mß.Kl moaO;shg ydks muqKjk"
o;a; úkdY lrk ffjri msgm;a m%;sks¾udKh (replicate) lsÍfï
yelshdjla we;s wksIag fla;hls (malicious code).
fufyhqï moaO;sfha fodaI
mß.Klhl fufyhqï moaO;sfha we;s jk fodaI ksid mßYS,lhdg fndfyda
ÿIalr;d isÿ úh yels h' fïjd kï"
² mß.Klh wdrïN ùug fndfyda fj,djla .;ùu'
² ish¨ u ld¾hhka b;d ukao.dó ùu
² mßYS,l úOdk u; l%shd;aul fkdùu
² wdrïNl ;srh (Desktop) ysiaùu
30
.eg¨j 01 ( mß.Klh ukao.dó ùu
igyk - mß.Klhl wdrïNl jevigyka (startup programs) ixLHdj úYd, ùu;a m%Odk wdphkh wkjYH uDÿldx. iy f.dkq
u.ska msÍ mej;Su;a ksid mß.Klh ukao.dó úh yel' fï i|yd
úi÷ï my; oelafõ' tu úi÷ï i|yd mßmd,l .sKqulska mß.Klhg
mQrKh úh hq;= h' tneúka fï ish,a, Tnf.a .=re;=ud fyda .=re;=ñh fyda
úiska wdo¾Ykh lrkq we;'
úi`ÿu (
wdrïNl jevigyka (startup programs) w;ßka wjYH fkdjk
jevigyka bj;a lrkak' túg mß.Klh wdrïN ùfï fõ.h
jeä fõ'
mshjr 1
wkjYH f.dkq bj;a lrkak' fï i|yd fufyhqï moaO;sfha
we;s (Disk Cleanup) fuj,u Ndú; l< yels h'mshjr 2
by; ish,a, l< miq;a m%;sM,hla fkd,efí kï" fufyhqï
moaO;sh ms<silr (repair) lrkak'mshjr 3
th o wid¾:l kï fufyhqï moaO;sh m%;sia:dmkh (re-install) lrkak'
mshjr 4
.eg¨j 02 ( wdrïNl ;srh ysiaùu
igyk - fufyhqï moaO;sfha hï fodaIhla ksid fyda isgqjïj,
(settings) fjkia ùula fyda ksid fufia (desktop icons) fkdfmkS
hdug mq¿jk'
úi`ÿu 01 (
Windows 10 fufyhqï moaO;sfha desktop ;srh o¾Ykh l< yels wdldr (modes) folla we;' tajd kï"
a. Tablet wdldrh
b. mqoa., mß.Kl (PC) wdldrh fõ'
fuu isgqju Tablet wdldrhg yrjd ;snqK fyd;a desktop icons fkdfmfka'
tneúka tu isgqju i`oyd my; i|yka mshjr wkq.ukh lruq'
31
mß.Kl ;srfha task bar tflys ol=Kq fl<jr we;s ^fj,djg
jfuka& l:k ne¨u (speech balloon) u; la,sla lrkak'mshjr 1
túg Windows action center újD; fõ' tys my; RcqfldaKdi%dldr
fnd;a;ï lsysmhla Èiafõ' tu fnd;a;ï w;ßka Tablet mode fnd;a;u u; la,sla lsÍfuka Tablet wdldrfhka PC wdldrhg udreúh yels
h' tfia PC wdldrhg udre jQ úg desktop icons kej; Èia jkq we;'
mshjr 2
úi`ÿu 02 (
by; l%shdldrlu l< miqj;a desktop icons fkdfmfka kï" iuyr úg desktop icons o¾Ykh ùu wn, (disable) lr ;sìh yels h' tfia kï th kej; n,
.ekaùug (enable) lsÍug my; i|yka mshjr wkq.ukh lrkak'
mß.Kl ;srfha ysia wjldYhl uQislh right la,sla lrkak'
túg ,efnk fukqfõ View u; la,sla l< úg my; rEmfha
oelafjk wdldrhg w;=re fukqjla ,efí'
mshjr 1
View Large icons
Medium icons
Small icons
Auto arrange icons icons
Align icons to grid
Show desktop icons
Sort by
Refresh
Paste
Paste shortcut
NVIDIA Control Panel
New
Display settings
32
tu w;=re fukqfõ ''Show desktop icons'' u; la,sla lrkak'
túg show desktop icons bÈßfhka '' √ '' ,l=K jeà th n,
.ekafõ' oeka Tfí ;srh u; desktop icons Èia jkq we;'
mshjr 2
úi`ÿu 03 (
by; úi÷ïj,ska miqj o Tnf.a mß.Kl ;srh ysia kï fufyhqï moaO;sfha
fodaIhla ksid tfia úh yels h' tu fodaI úi£ug mßmd,l .sKqulska mß.Klhg
mQrKh (log in) úh hq;= ksid Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a fydA iydh
,nd.; hq;= fõ'
l%shdldrlu 2'4 iy 2'5 i`oyd jevfmd; n,kak'
fufyhqï moaO;sh Ndú;fhka mß.Klhl úkHdih (configuration) ieliSu
iy isgqjï (setting) lsÍu isÿ l< yel'
² fufyhqï moaO;sh úiska f.dkq iq/lSu" f.dkq fiùu" isys le`oùï" jHdmdr
,sms heùï hkdÈfha § mß.Klfha Èkh iy fõ,dj Ndú; lrk neúka
mß.Klfha Èkh iy fõ,dj ksjerÈj ilia lr mj;ajd f.k hdu
jeo.;ah'
² cd;Hka;r iïu;hg wkqj f,dalfha rgj,a fõ,d l,dmj,g fnod we;'
fõ,d l,dm kS;suh" jdKsc iy iudc wruqKq i`oyd wkkH jQ iïu;
fõ,djla mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nhs'
² uqo,a tall iy tajdfha ixfla; ;u rfÜ Ndú;h wkqj ilid .; hq;= h'
² cd;Hka;r jYfhka Ndú; flfrk ixLHd iy uqo,a ,sùfï iïu; wdlD;s
we;'
mß.Klhl f.dkq .=Kdx. lsysmhls;
² f.dkqj iq/lS we;s ia:dkh
² wjika jrg f.dkqfjys fjkialï l< Èkh
² f.dkqfõ m%j¾.h
² f.dkqfõ úYd,;ajh
² f.dkqj ks¾udKh l< Èkh
² f.dkqj m%fõY l< yels hï whs;sjdislï
idrdxYh
33
² mß.Klhl iqrlsk ,o f.dkqjla miqj kej; újD; lsÍug wjYH jQ úfgl
tu f.dkqfõ ku fyda iq/ls ia:dkh fyda wu;l jqjfyd;a tu f.dkqj
fidhd .ekSu i`oyd f.dkq fiùu (file search) fhdod .; yels h'
² mqoa., mß.Klhg iïnkaO lrk wfkl=;a Wmdx. mß.Klhg iïnkaO
lrk uqyqK;a flfjks (ports) we;'
² mß.Klh iu. lghq;= lrk Tng fndfyda úg uqyqK§ug isÿ jk uQ,sl
fodaI j¾. folla we;'
◦ oDVdx. ir, fodaI
◦ uDÿldx. ir, fodaI
² oDVdx. ir, fodaI
◦ h;=re mqjrefõ fyda uQislfha fyda fodaI
◦ ixo¾Ylfha fodaI
◦ kdolj, fodaI
◦ mß.Klh cd,hg iïnkaO fkdùfï fodaIh
² uDÿldx. ir, fodaI
◦ fufyhqï moaO;sfha we;s jk fodaI
◦ fhÿï uDÿldx.j, we;s jk fodaI
² mß.Kl ffjrihla hkq mß.Kl moaO;shg ydks muqKqjk" o;a; úkdY
lrk ffjri msgm;a m%;sks¾udKh (replicate) lsÍfï yelshdjla we;s wksIag
fla;hls (melware).
34
fuu tallh yeoEÍfuka Tng"
² joka ieliSu hkq l=ula o hkak ms<sn`oj yd
² joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla Ndú;fhka
² f,aLkhla ks¾udKh lsÍu" újD; lsÍu" .nvd lsÍu iy jid oeóu
² mdG yeviõ lsÍu
² f.dkq$jia;= we;=<;a lsÍu
² j.=jla we;=<;a lsÍu
² wlaIr úkHdih yd jHdlrK mÍlaId lsÍu yd
² ,ehsia;= ilia lsÍu
ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,efnkq we;'
fujr idys;H Wf<,g
wjYH wdrdOkd m;% ilia
lrkak lsh,d .=re;=ó ug
lsjqjd' Bfha oji u W;aidy
l<d' ta;a" uf.a wl=re
,iaik keye" wms<sfj<hs
lsh,hs ug kï ysf;kafka'
Wf<f,a isysjgk fmd;
ilia lrkafka uuhs' wl=re
w;ska ,sh,d msx;+r wekaod
u ,iaik keye' fïjd
ms<sfj<g" ,iaikg ilia
lr .kak fjk;a l%uhla
keoao@
wehs ke;af;a@ fï ish¨ u
,sms f,aLk" mß.Klhl
ia:dmkh lr we;s joka
ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla
weiqfrka b;du;a ,iaikg;a
ms<sfj<g;a ilia lr .kak
mq¿jks'
joka ieliSu3
35
joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.h u.ska f,aLk ks¾udKh lsÍu joka ieliSu kï
fõ' joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.h fhÿï uDÿldx.hls' fuu uDÿldx.h u.ska ks¾udKh
l< yels f,aLk fndfyda h' WodyrK lsysmhla my; 3'1 rEmfhka oelafõ'
mqj;am;a
m%Yakm;%
,sms
whÿïm;awdrdOkdm;a
iqnme;=ïm;a
i`.rdjoka
ieliqu
rEmh 3'1 - joka ieliqu u.ska ielish yels f,aLk
joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla Ndú; lrñka f,aLk ks¾udKh lsÍfï § fhdod
.kq ,nk fuj,ï /ils' tajdfhys ld¾hhka y`ÿkd .ksuq'
fmdÿ fuj,ï
kj f,aLkhla ,nd
.ekSu - New;ekam;a l< f,aLkhla
újD; lsÍu - Openf,aLkhl uqøs; fmr
oiqk - Print Preview
f,aLkhla ;ekam;a
lsÍu - Savetla jrla ;ekam;a l<
f,aLkhla fjk;a kulska
;ekam;a lsÍu - Save as
f,aLk uqøKh
lsÍug - Print
36
lrk ,o l%shdjla wj,x.=
lsÍug - Undowl=re" mska;+r wdÈh
msgm;a lsÍug - Copy
msgm;a l< fyda lmd.;a
fyda wl=re" mska;+r wdÈh
we,ùug - Paste
wj,x.= lrk ,o l%shdj
kej; lsÍug - Redo wl=re" mska;+r wdÈh
lmd .ekSug - Cutjpkj, iy jdlHj,
wlaIr úkHdih iy
jHdlrK ksjerÈ lr
.ekSug
wl=re yeviõ lsÍfï fuj,ï - Text Formatting Tools
wl=re we, lsÍug
- Italicfma<sfha my<g .ekSug
Subscript - (Wod - CO2)
fma<sfhka by<g
.ekSug
Superscript - (Wod - 22 , 23)
wl=re úfYaI lr
fmkaùug - Highlight
wl=re j¾. - Font
wl=re ;o meye
.ekaùug -
Bold
háka brla we`§ug
- Underline
wl=re mdg lsÍug
- Color
wl=rej, m%udKh
fjkia lsÍug - Sizeud;Dldj
wkqud;Dldj
idudkH wl=re
Times New RomanCambriairmala UI
†BindumAthiTT
37
tfl,a, lsÍfï iy ia:dk .; lsÍfï fuj,ï
Alignment and Positioning Tools
123
jug tfl,a,
lsÍu
Align Left
ol=Kg
tfl,a, lsÍu
Align Right
fma<s w;r mr;rh fjkia
lsÍug
Line and Paragraph Spacing
nq,Ü
Bulletswxlk
Numberingueog tfl,a, lsÍu
Centerfomig tfl,a, lsÍu
Justify
miqìu j¾K
.ekaùug
Shading
l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a l%shdldrlu 3'1" 3'2" 3'3" 3'4
iy 3'5 n,kak'
f,aLkhg tl;= lr .; yels úúO jia;=
Insert Objects
A A
mska;+r
Picturesyev;,
Shapeswl=re fldgq
Text boxes
j.=
Tablesl,d;aul wl=re
Word Artmß.Klfha ia:dms; mska;+r
Clip Art
38
l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a l%shdldrlu 3'6" 3'7" 3'8" 3'9
iy 3'10 n,kak'
² joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla Ndú; lrñka ,sms" iÕrd" iy;sl m;%" whÿï m;%
wdÈ ;j;a fndfyda f,aLk ilia l< yels h' fuh joka ieliSu hkqfjka
ye`Èkafõ'
² kj f,aLk New" újD; lsÍu Open" ;ekam;a lsÍu Save" uqøKh Print" uqøK
fmr oiqk Print Preview" fmr l%shdj Redo" wdmiq l%shdj Undo" lemSu Cut" msgm;a lsÍu Copy" we,ùu paste" Spelling and Grammar wdÈh fmdÿ fuj,ï
h'
² Size, Color, Bold, Italic, Underline, Highlight, Font, Superscript, Subscript wdÈh wl=re yeviõ lsÍfï fuj,ï h'
² Left align, Center, Right align, Justify, Bullets, Numbering, line spacing, shading wdÈh fþo tfl,a, lsÍfï fuj,ï h'
² Pictures, Tables, Shapes, Text boxes, Clip art, Word art f,aLkhg tl;= lr
.; yels foa h'
idrdxYh
39
fuu tallh yeoEÍfuka Tng"
² .eg¨ úYaf,aIKh lsÍu
² f;aÍï md,k jHqy
² tÈfkod .eg¨j,g .e,Sï igyka weiqßka úi`ÿï oelaùu
² Scratch uDÿldx.h weiqßka wkql%uh yd f;aÍï md,k jHqy iys;
jevigyka ieliSu
² cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx.j, fhÿï
ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug yels jkq we;'
.eg¨j úYaf,aIKh lsÍu4'1
úYaf,aIKh hkq hï fohla mÍlaIdjlg ,lalr ir, fldgiaj,g fjka
lsÍuhs' tfia fjka l< miq ta ms<sn`o ú.%yhla lsÍu myiq jkq we;'
ksoiqkla f,i ,smsøjH wf,ú i,lska ksl=;a l< my; oelafjk ì,am; i,luq'
,ÿm;
ABC fmd;ay, Èkh - ''''''''''''''''''''
whs;uh m%udKh tall
ñ,
uqo,
re'
msgq 200 1 150.00 150.00msgq 80 4 55.00 220.00
ldnka mEka 3 15.00 45.00
tl;=j 415.00
wdodk m%;sodk
l%shdj,sh
tla tla whs;uh i`oyd
jk uqo, .Kkh lsÍug whs;uh"
m%udKh iy tall uqo, wjYH
fõ' fuu ì, ieliSfï l%shdj,sh
i`oyd wjYH oE wdodk f,i
ie,fla' tla tla whs;ufhka ñ,
§ .;a uq¿ m%udKh i`oyd jk
uqo,;a" ì,amf;a uq¿ tl;=j;a
fidhd .ekSu l%shdj,sh fõ'
tla tla whs;uh i`oyd uqo, yd
ì,amf;a tl;=j m%;sodkh fõ'
ta wkqj by; ì,am;
úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk" m%;sodk
yd l%shdj,sh y`ÿkd .ksuq'
l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su4
40
wdodkh ( whs;ufha ku" m%udKh" tall ñ,
l%shdj,sh ( ñ,g .;a whs;uhla i`oyd
f.úh hq;= uqo, = m%udKh × tall ñ,
ì,amf;A tl;=j = ì,amf;a i`oyka whs;u i`oyd f.úh
hq;= uqo,aj, tl;=j
m%;sodkh ( f.úh hq;= uq¿ uqo,
l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su i`oyd .eg¨jla úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk (input)" l%shdj,sh (process) iy m%;sodk (output) y`ÿkd .ekSu w;HjYH fõ' ^rEmh 4'1
n,kak'&
.eg¨j
wdodk - [.eg¨j úi`§ug wjYH oE] :- ^Wod - o;a;&
l%shdj,sh - [úi`ÿï lrd t<fUk wdldrh]
m%;sodk - [.eg¨jg wod< úi`ÿï] :- ^Wod - f;dr;=re&
ú
Ya
f,a
I
K
h
rEmh 4'1 - .eg¨j úYaf,aIKh
igyk - l%uf,aLh f.dvke.Su i`oyd .eg¨j úYaf,aIKh l<
hq;= h'
.eg¨jla úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk" l%shdj,sh iy m%;sodk y`ÿkd .ksuq'
WodyrK 1
.eg¨j ( merKs cd;sl ye`ÿkqïm;a wxlh § we;s úg mqoa.,hd Wmka
j¾Ih fidhd .ekSu987654321V wdodkh ( cd;sl ye`ÿkqïm;a wxlh
l%shdj,sh ( cd;sl ye`ÿkqïm;a wxlfha uq,a b,lalï 02 fjka lr .ekSu
m%;sodkh ( Wmka j¾Ih
WodyrK 2 Rs xx
rEmh 4'2 - mEka
.eg¨j ( mEka 5la ñ, § .ekSug f.úh hq;=
uqo, fiùu wdodkh ( mEkl ñ,
l%shdj,sh (
f.úh hq;= uqo, .Kkh lsÍu
^f.úh hq;= uqo, = mEkl ñ, × 5) m%;sodkh ( f.úh hq;= uqo,
41
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 4'1 n,kak'
md,k jHqy4'2
we,af.dß;u u.ska lsishï .eg¨jla
úi`§u i`oyd wkq.ukh l< hq;= mshjr ish,a,
wkqms<sfj<ska olajkq ,efí' we,af.dß;u
f.dv ke.Sug Ndú; lrk md,k jHqy (control structures) ;=kla we;s nj;a tajd wkql%uh (sequence)" f;aÍu (selection) yd mqk¾lrKh
(repetition) f,i y`ÿkajkq ,nk nj;a Tn 7 jk
fY%aKsfha § wOHhkh lr we;' ^7 fY%aKsfha 5 jk
mßÉfþoh n,kak'&
igyk - .e,Sï igykl wdodk yd m%;sodk fldgqjlska
o l%shdj,s fldgqjlska o olajkq ,efí'
4'2'1 wkql%uh
wkql%uh (sequence) hkq we,af.dß;uhl tlla miqmi tlla uq, isg w.
olajd mshjr jYfhka isÿùuhs'
by; fojk WodyrKh u.ska úYaf,aIKh l< .eg¨jg wod< wkql%uh
iys; .e,Sï igyk 1 yd Scratch l%uf,aLh 1 my; oelafõ'
wdrïNh
f.úh hq;= uqo, = mEkl ñ, × 5
mEkl ñ, we;=<;a lrkak
f.úh hq;= uqo,
ksudj
.e,Sï igyk 1 - mEka 5 l ñ, fiùu
Scratch l%uf,aLh 1 - mEkl ñ, § we;s úg mEka
5 l ñ, fiùu
mEkl ñ, price_per_pen hk úp,Hh u.ska o" f.úh hq;= uqo, payment hk úp,Hh u.ska o olajd we;'
md,k jHqy 3 ls'
1' wkql%uh (sequence)2' f;aÍu (selection)3' mqk¾lrKh (repetition)
42
4'2'2 f;aÍu
mqia;ld,hg hkak ?
l%Svdmsáh
hkak
wo jeis iys; ld,.=Khla mj;S o
f;aÍï (selection) md,k jHqyh u.ska
we,af.dß;uhl wvx.= m%ldY w;ßka f;dard.;a
m%ldYhla$m%ldY l%shd;aul ùu fyda l%shd;aul
fkdùu fyda ;SrKh lrk wjia:d olajkq ,efí'
l%shd;aul ùu fyda fkdùu fyda ;SrKh jkafka
ta yd iïnkaO fldkafoaishla ;Dma; ùu fyda
fkdùu fyda wkqj h'
ksoiqkla f,i l%Svd i`oyd fjka l<
ld,Éfþofha § j¾Id Èkhla kï mqia;ld,hg
hk f,i o, j¾Id Èkhla fkdjkafka kï
l%Svdmsáhg hk f,i o isiqkag Wmfoia ,nd fok wjia:dj i,luq'
.e,Sï igykaj, f;aÍï md,k jHqyh oelaùug ;SrK fldgqj (decision box) fhdod .efka ^rEmh 4'3 n,kak&' f;aÍug wod< fldkafoaish i;H jQ úg zzTõZZ
(Yes) ÈYdjg o" wi;H jQ úg zzke;ZZ (No) ÈYdjg o fhduq fõ' ;SrK .ekSu oelaùu
i`oyd 4'4 rEmh fhdod .; yels h'
wo jeis iys;
Èkhla o@
Tõ
ke;
Yes
No
rEmh 4'3 - f;aÍï md,k jHqyh rEmh 4'4 - wo jeis iys; Èkhla o keoao hkak ;SrKh ùu
WodyrK 1 by; wjia:dj .e,Sï igykl ±laùu
wdrïNh
ksudj
ke;
Tõ
wo jeis iys;
Èkhla o@
mqia;ld,hg hk f,i ±kaùu
ld,.=K ;;a;ajh oek.ekSu
l%Svdmsáh hk f,i ±kaùu
.e,Sï igyk 2 - ld,.=K ;;a;ajh wkqj l%Svdmsáh fyda mqia;ld,hg fyda hdu
43
WodyrK 2 kd.hska iy bKsux l%Svdj lrk úg ;SrK .ekSu
rEmh 4'5 - kd.hska iy bKsux
fm;
14
36
25
24
13
12
1
35
26
23
11
2
34
27
22
15
10
3
33
28
21
16
9
4
32
29
20
17
8
5
31
30
19
18
7
6
kd.hska iy bKssux hkq ;ks l%Svlhl=g fydA
lKavdhulg fyda ;r. l< yels ckm%sh l%Svdjls'
fuys wdrïNh (1) isg wjidkh (36) olajd fldgq
ixLHdjla we;' iEu bKsu.l u iy iEu kd.hl=f.a
u fofl<jr lsishï fldgq follg iïnkaO lr we;'
^rEmh 4'5 n,kak'&
odÿ legh Wv ouk iEu jdrhl § u ms<smeÈh hq;=
Wmfoia lsysmhls'
1' odÿ legfha by<g msysá uqyqKf;a we;s w.h n,d
.kak'
2' tu w.hg iudk fldgq .Kkla wkqms<sfj<ska bÈßhg
b;a;d f.k hkak'
3' b;a;d bKsu.l mduq, fldgqjg meñKsfha kï tys by<
fl<jr msysá fldgqj olajd b;a;d by<g f.k hkak'
4' b;a;d kd.hl=f.a ysi iys; fldgqjg meñKsfha kï
tu kd.hdf.a j,s.h ksujk fldgqj olajd b;a;d my<g f.k hkak'
fuu fldkafoais (conditions) Tiafia 36 jk fldgqjg b;a;d .sh úg ch ,efí'
odÿ legh fmrf<k tla jdrhla ;=< isÿ l< hq;= ld¾hhg wod< .e,Sï igyk
my; oelafõ' ^.e,Sï igyk 3 n,kak'&
.e,Sï igyk 3 - kd.hska iy bKsux l%Svdj
odÿ legh fmr<Su
ksudj
Tõ
Tõ
bKsu.l mduq, iys;
fldgqjg meñKsfha o@
kd.hl=f.a ysi iys;
fldgqjg meñKsfha o@
ke;
ke;
w.h ,nd .kak
w.hg iudk fldgq ixLHdjla olajd b;a;d bÈßhg f.k hk f,i oekaùu
bKsu. Èf.a tys
fl<jr fldgqjg
b;a;d f.k hk
f,i oekaùu
kd.hd Èf.a j,s.h
ksujk fldgqjg
b;a;d f.k hk
f,i oekaùu
wdrïNh
b;a;d odÿ legh
44
WodyrK 3 m%Yakhl ksjerÈ ms<s;=r i`oyd ,l=Kq 10 la ,nd §fï wjia:dj
i,luq'
fuys § ,l=Kq msßkeóug fmr ms<s;=r jerÈ fyda ksjerÈ nj fyda ;SrKh l<
hq;= h' ms<s;=r ksjerÈ kï muKla ,l=Kq 10 la ,efí' jerÈ ms<s;=re i`oyd ,l=Kq
ysñ fkdfõ' fujeks wjia:d i`oyd f;aÍï md,k jHqy Ndú; fhdod .kakd wdldrh
úuid n,uq' ^.e,Sï igyk 4 n,kak'&
wdrïNh
ksudj
ke;
Tõ
ms<s;=r ksjerÈ o@
ms<s;=r ,nd .kak
,l=Kq 10la msßkukak
m%Yakh bÈßm;a lrkak
.e,Sï igyk 4 - jerÈ$ksjerÈ ms<s;=re i`oyd ,l=Kq msß^fkd&keóu
WodyrK 4 iudk fkdjk ixLHd folla w;ßka úYd, ixLHdj fiùu
fuys § tlsfkl wiudk ixLHd folla wdodkh f,i ,nd .efka' tu
ixLHd fol ixikaokh lr m<uq w.h fojk w.hg jvd úYd, kï m<uq w.h
úYd, nj o" tfia fkdjk wjia:dj, fojk w.h úYd, nj o m%;sodkh fõ' ^.e,Sï
igyk 5 n,kak'&
wdrïNh
iudk fkdjk ixLHd folla (A, B) we;==<;a lrkak
A úYd, nj fmkajkak
ksudj
B úYd, nj fmkajkak
ke; Tõ A > B o?
.e,Sï igyk 5 - úYd, ixLHdj fiùu
45
l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a 4'2 isg 4'3 olajd n,kak'
igyk - mqk¾lrKh (repetition) keue;s md,k jHqyh ms<sn`oj 9
jif¾ § wOHhkh lsÍug Tng yelshdj ,efnkq we;'
Scratch f;aÍï md,k jHqyh4'3
Scratch hkq l%uf,aLkh (programming) myiq lsÍu i`oyd ks¾udKh lrk
,o ksoyia yd újD; m%Nj oDYH l%uf,aLk NdIdjls' fï u.ska l%Svd" ix.S;" iÔùlrK
(animation)" wka;¾ l%shdldÍ l;d (interactive stories) iy fjk;a ks¾udK isÿ l<
yels h' fï ms<sn`o uQ,sl oekqu 7 fY%aKsfha f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
fmdf;ka ,nd .; yels h'
Scratch hk l%uf,aL f.dvke.Sfï § f;aÍï md,k jHqy uQ,sl wdldr
follska fhdod .; yels h'
1' IF... THEN Wmfoia ldKavh
2' IF... THEN... ELSE... Wmfoia ldKavh
j.=j 1 - f;aÍï md,k jHqyh
IF... THEN Wmfoia ldKavh (block) IF... THEN... ELSE... Wmfoia ldKavh (block)
fldkafoaish (condition) ia:dk.; l< hq;= ;ek
fldkafoaish i;H
jQ úg l%shd;aul
úh hq;= Wmfoia
ia:dk.; l< hq;=
;ek
fldkafoaish (condition) ia:dk.; l< hq;= ;ek
1' fldkafoaish i;H
jQ úg l%shd;aul
úh hq;= Wmfoia
ia:dk.; l< hq;=
;ek
2' fldkafoaish wi;H
jQ úg l%shd;aul
úh hq;= Wmfoia
ia:dk.; l< hq;=
;ek
fldkafoaish i;H jQ úg muKla
Wmfoia l%shd;aul flf¾'
fldkafoaish i;H jQ úg m<uq Wmfoia
ldKavh l%shd;aul flf¾'
fldkafoaish wi;H jQ úg fojk Wmfoia
ldKavh l%shd;aul flf¾'
46
iei`ÿï (Comparison) Wmfoia ldKav j¾.h
l%uf,aL ixj¾Okfha § w.hhka folla iei`§fuka miq ;SrK .ekSug
isÿjk wjia:d o mj;S' fuys § tla w.hla ;j;a w.hlg jvd l=vd o, úYd, o, iudk o wdÈ jYfhka iei`§fuka miq ;SrK .kq ,efí'
w.hhka folla iei`§fï § my; j.=fõ oelafjk Wmfoia ldKav Ndú;
flf¾' fïjd u.ska w.hhka ii`od i;H (true) fyda wi;H (false) f,i ms<s;=re
,nd foa'
j.=j 2 - iei`ÿï ldrl
Wmfoia ldKavh WodyrKh ms<s;=r
jïmi w.h ol=Kqmi w.hg
jvd l=vd o hkak ieif`oa
i;H
wi;H
jïmi w.h ol=Kqmi w.hg
iudk o hkak ieif`oa
i;H
wi;H
jïmi w.h ol=Kqmi w.hg
jvd úYd, o hkak ieif`oa
i;H
wi;H
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 4'4 n,kak'
1
1
1
1
1 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
47
;d¾lsl (Logical blocks) m%ldY iys; Wmfoia ldKav j¾.h
iei`ÿï Wmfoia ldKav tlsfkl ;d¾lsl j iïnkaO lsÍug fuu Wmfoia
ldKav fhdod .kq ,efí' ;d¾lsl Wmfoia ldKav j¾. ;=kls'
1. and
2. or
3. not
j.=j 3 - ;d¾lsl ldrl
Wmfoia ldKavh WodyrKh ms<s;=r
jïmi yd ol=Kqmi m%ldY
fol u i;H fõ kï
muKla ms<s;=r i;H fõ'
i;H
wi;H
jïmi yd ol=Kqmi m%ldY
fol u fyda tlla fyda
i;H fõ kï ms<s;=r i;H
fõ'
i;H
wi;H
m%ldYh wi;H kï ms<s;=r
i;H fõ' m%ldYh i;H
kï ms<s;=r wi;H fõ'
i;H
wi;H
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 4'5 n,kak'
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 4
4
4
4 4
4 4
4 2 2
48
4'3'1 f;aÍï md,k ldKavh iys; Scratch l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su
WodyrK 1 remsh,a 5000 l fYaIhla we;s .sKqulska uqo,la wdmiq ,nd .;a miq .sKqï
fYaIh m%ldY lsÍu
.sKqfuka uqo,a ,nd .ekSfï § .sKqï fYaIh mÍlaId lr th b,a¨ï flfrk
uqo,g jvd jeä kï muKla uqo,a ,nd fokq ,efí' uqo,la ,nd .;a úg fYaIfhka
tu uqo, wvq lr f.jkq ,efí' ^.e,Sï igyk 6 iy Scratch l%uf,aLh 2 n,kak'&
wdrïNh
fYaIh } 5000
fYaIh } fYaIh - b,a¨ï flfrk uqo,
b,a¨ï flfrk uqo, we;=<;a lrkak
fYaIh fmkajkak
ksudj
fYaIh > b,a¨ï
flfrk uqo, o@
Tõ
ke;
.e,Sï igyk 6 - .sKqï fYAIh m%ldY lsÍu
Scratch l%uf,aLh 2 - .sKqï fYaIh m%ldY lsÍu
WodyrK 2 Ok ksÅ, ixLHdjla wdodkh l< úg th T;af;a o brÜfÜ o hkak
m%ldY lsÍu
1310
5
3
2
fYaIh
13 MOD 5 = 3
ixLHdjla ;j;a ixLHdjlska fn¥ úg b;sß jk w.h
fiùu i`oyd MOD kï jQ .Ks; ldrlh fhdod .efka'
WodyrKhla f,i 13 MOD 5 ys w.h 3 fõ' tkï 13, 5ka
fn¥ úg b;sß jk w.h 3 ls'
ta wkqj ixLHdjla 2ka fn¥ úg b;sß w.h 0 kï th
brÜfÜ w.hls' b;sß w.h 1 kï th T;af;a w.hls' ^.e,Sï
igyk 7 iy Scratch l%uf,aLh 3 n,kak'&
49
Scratch l%uf,aLh 3 - T;af;a brÜfÜ nj
m%ldY lsÍu
wdrïNh
b;sßh = ixLHdj MOD 2
ixLHdj wdodkh lrkak
brÜfÜ nj
fmkajkak
ksudj
b;sßh = 0 o@ ke;
Tõ
T;af;a nj
fmkajkak
.e,Sï igyk 7 - ixLHdj T;af;a o brÜfÜ o
hkak ;SrKh lsÍu
WodyrK 3 wkq,laIK m%udKh uqrmohla Yla;su;a fyda ÿ¾j, fyda nj ;SrKh
flfrk tla idOlhls' wkq,laIK m%udKh 8g wvqkï ÿ¾j,
uqrmohla nj o" wkq,laIK m%udKh 8la fyda Bg jeäkï fyda
Yla;su;a uqrmohla nj o fmkaùu' ^.e,Sï igyk 8 iy Scratch l%uf,aLh 4 n,kak'&
.e,Sï igyk 8 - Yla;su;a fyda ÿ¾j, fyda uqrmohla nj fmkaùu
Scratch l%uf,aLh 4 - Yla;su;a fyda ÿ¾j,
fyda uqrmohla nj
fmkaùu
wdrïNh
uqr moh ,nd .kak
uqrmoh ÿ¾j,
nj fmkajkak
ksudj
X < 8 o @ke;
Tõ
uqrmoh
Yla;su;a nj
fmkajkak
wkq,laIK .Kk (X) .Kkh lrkak
50
kd.hska iy bKsux l%Svdjg wod< Scratch jevigyk my; oelafõ' ^Scratch l%uf,aLh 5 n,kak'&
1234567
89
Scratch l%uf,aLh 5 - kd.hska yd bKsux l%Svdj
jevigyk ú.%y lsÍu
1' jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍug u; la,sla lsÍu
2' uq,ska u zzodÿlegh Wv oukakZZ hk m%ldYh lsÍu
3' by<g msysá uqyqKf;a zzw.h lSh oZZ hkak weiSu yd thg ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSu
4' w.h kï úp,Hhg wxl 3 hgf;a ,nd ÿka ms<s;=r mejÍu
5' w.h u.ska oelafjk fldgq ixLHdjlska b;a;d bÈßhg f.k hk f,i ;;amr
4 l ld,hla m%ldY lsÍu
6' zzbKsu.l mduq, iys; fldgqjg meñKsfha o@ZZ hkak m%Yak lsÍu yd thg zzTõZZ
fyda zzke;ZZ fyda f,i ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSu
7' ms<s;=r zzTõZZ kï zzbKsu`. Èf.a tys fl<jr fldgqjg b;a;d f.k hkakZZ f,i
m%ldY lr wjika lsÍu
8' zzkd.hdf.a ysi iys; fldgqjg meñKsfha o@ZZ hkak m%Yak lsÍu yd thg zzTõZZ
fyda zzke;ZZ fyda f,i ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSu
9' ms<s;=r zzTõZZ kï zzkd.hd Èf.a j,s.h ksujk fldgqjg b;a;d f.k hkak
f,i m%ldY lr wjika lsÍu
,kak l%shdldrlï i`oyd 4'6" 4'7" 4'8 iy 4'9 i`oyd jevfmd;
n,kAk'
51
4'3'2 cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. i`oyd fhÿï
cx.u iy iqyqre Wmdx.
.eg¨ úi`od .ekSu i`oyd ixj¾Okh lrk ,o úúO fhÿï" cx.u yd
iqyqre Wmdx.j, (Smart devices) Ndú; fõ' tu fhojqï Ndú;fhka ksjerÈj yd
ld¾hlaIuj .eg¨ úi`od .ekSug yelshdjla mj;S' kQ;k iudch úiska Ndú; lrkq
,nk cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. lsysmhla my; olajd we;' tla tla iqyqre Wmdx.
iqúfYaIS j ksmojd we;s w;r wjYH;dj wkqj tajd mßYS,kh l< yels fõ' ^rEmh
4'6 n,kak&
fødAk leurdj
(Drona camara)Wl=¿ mß.Klh
(Laptop)
iqyqre rEmjdysksh
(Smart TV)iqyqre leurdj
(Smart camera)
iqyqre Trf,daiqj (Smart watch)
iqyqre ÿrl:kh
(Smart phone)iqyqre wõ lKaKdäh
(Smart sunglasses)
geí,Ü
(Tablet)
cx.u yd iqyqre
Wmdx.
rEmh 4'6 - cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. i`oyd WodyrK
by; olajd we;s Wml%u w;ßka geí,Ü iy Wl=¿ mß.Kl idudkH ld¾hhka
i`oyd fhdod .kq ,efí' wfkl=;a Wml%u iqúfYaIS ld¾hhka i`oyd ksmojd we;'
tneúka iqyqre Wml%uhla f;dard .ekSfï § ;u wjYH;djg .e<fma o hkak fidhd
ne,sh hq;= h'
52
j.=j 4 - iqyqre Wmdx. yd fhÿï
iqyqre Wml%uh fhdod .; yels ld¾hhka i`oyd WodyrK
Wl=¿ mß.Klh cx.uj Ndú; l< yels idudkH mß.Kl fhÿï
Ndú;h
geí,Ü mß.Klh wka;¾cd, m%fõYh; PdhdrEm ,nd .ekSu
iqyqre ÿrl:kh ÿrl:k ixjdo meje;aùu; SMS yd MMS heùu; PdhdrEm ,nd .ekSu; Yío yd ùäfhda o¾Yk má.;
lsÍu; wka;¾cd, m%fõYh yd úoHq;a ;eme,a mKsúv
yqjudrej
iqyqre rEmjdysksh rEmjdyskS jevigyka l<ukdlrKh yd má.;
lsÍu; úoHq;a ;eme,a mKsúv heùu; wka;¾cd,hg
m%fõYùu
iqyqre leurdj PdhdrEm ,nd .ekSu; Yío yd ùäfhda o¾Yk má.;
lsÍu yd tajd fjk;a iqyqre Wmdx. fj; fhduq lsÍu
iqyqre w;a Trf,daiqj flá mKsúv heùu; iSkqj ;eîu; wka;¾cd, m%fõYh
iqyqre lKaKdäh ;%sudk o¾Yk keröu; Yío weiSu; PdhdrEm ,nd
.ekSu; ùäfhda o¾Yk má.; lsÍu
Drona leurdj ÿria:j md,kh flfrk" .=jka.; lr ksYap,
PdhdrEm fyda ùäfhda o¾Yk ,nd .ekSu
cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx.j, fhÿï
cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. i`oyd ks¾udKh l< fhÿï uDÿldx. w;súYd,
m%udKhla wka;¾cd,hg uqod yer we;' wjYH fhÿï uDÿldx. w;ßka iuyrla
fkdñf,aa wka;¾cd,fhka nd.; lr .; yels w;r iuyr fhÿï uDÿldx. uqo,a
f.jd ,nd .; yels fõ' tfia ,nd .;A fhÿï uDÿldx. iqyqre Wmdx.j, ia:dmkh
(install) lsÍfuka miq Ndú; l< yels h' tfia ,nd .; yels fhÿï uDÿldx.
lsysmhla my; oelafõ' ^rEmh 4'7 n,kak&
53
wyia is;shu
(Sky map)
y`v frfldavrh
(Voice recorder)
NdId mßj¾;lh
(Translator)
QR fla; lshjkh
(QR Code Reader)
ud,sudj
(Compass)
ud¾. is;shu
(Road map)
Yío fldaIh
(Dictionary)
English isxy,
jkpo;
Dictionary fpia l%Svdj
(Chess game)
cx.u yd iqyqre
Wmdx.j,
fhÿï
rEmh 4'7 - cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx.j, fhÿï i`oyd WodyrK
j.=j 5 - iqyqre Wmdx. iy tajdfha m%fhdack
iqyqre Wmdx. ,nd .; yels m%fhdack i`oyd WodyrK
ud,sudj ´kE u ia:dkhl isg ÈYdj fidhd .ekSu
ud¾. is;shu GPS Ndú;fhka u`. fmkaùu ^ud¾. fidhd .ekSu& yd ia:dk
folla w;r ÿr m%udKh fiùu" ud¾. ;onoh we;s ia:dk y`ÿkd
.ekSu
wyia is;shu wod< fhÿï uDÿldx.h ia:dmkh l< iqyqre Wmdx.h wyfia Èiajk
;drldjlg fyda .%y jia;=jlg kdNs.; lr tys msysàu" ku yd
wfkl=;a úia;r ,nd .ekSu
lsõ wd¾ fla;
lshjkh
lsõ wd¾ fla;h ialEka lr f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu
NdId mßj¾;lh tla NdIdjlska olajk mdG fjk;a NdIdjlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu
fpia l%Svdj mß.Klh tla md¾Yajhla f,i f.k fpia l%Svdfõ kshe,Su
isxy, Yío
fldaIh
bx.%Sis jpkhlg wod< isxy, jpk ,nd .ekSu
y`v frfldavrh y`v má.; lsÍu yd jdokh lsÍu
54
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 4'10 n,kak'
² .eg¨jla úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk" l%shdj,sh yd m%;sodk ,nd .ekSug l%uf,aL
ks¾udKh flf¾' idudkHfhka uq,ska we,af.dß;uhla ,shd bkamiq thg
wod< l%uf,aLh ,shkq ,efí'
² l%uf,aLj, Ndú; jk md,k jHqy ;=kls;1' wkql%uh (sequence)2' f;aÍu (selection)3' mqk¾lrKh (repetition)
² wkql%uh hkq we,af.dß;ufha we;s ish¨ u mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska wdrïNfha
isg wjidkh olajd l%shd;aul ùuhs'
² f;aÍu hkq fldkafoaishla ;Dma; ùu fyda fkdùu fyda wkqj l%shd;aul l<
hq;= mshjr f;dard .ekSu fõ' Scratch j, § f;aÍu i`oyd if then yd if then else md,k ldKav fhdod .efka'
² Scratch ys iei`ÿï Wmfoia ldKav j¾. ;=kls'
² Scratch ys ;d¾lsl Wmfoia ldKav j¾. ;=kls'
² mqk¾lrKh bÈß mdvul § wOHhkh l< yels h'
idrdxYh
55
fuu tallh yeoEÍfuka Tng"
² uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr y`ÿkd .ekSu
² oajdrhkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh uDÿldx. u.ska y`ÿkd .ekSu
² oajdr ixfhdackh lr ir, mßm: ks¾udKh
² oajdr m%dfhda.slj fhdod f.k tys l%shdldÍ;ajh fmkajd §u
ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,efnkq we;'
uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr 5'1
uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr 3ls' tajd AND, OR iy NOT f,i ye`Èkafõ'
AND oajdrh
AND oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh y`ÿkd .ekSu i`oyd my; oelafjk iudldrh
(analogy) i,ld n,uq' ksjil c,h r`ojd ;nd.kakd gexlshl c,h wmf;a fkdhk
wdldrhg th c,fhka msrùug wod< rEmigykla my; olajd we;s w;r" thg
jE,aj folla iú lr we;' ^rEmh 5'1 n,kak'&
A jE,ajh
B jE,ajh
m%Odk c, iemhqu
rEmh 5'1 - AND oajdrh i`oyd iudldrhla
fN!;sl wd.Kkh i`oyd uDÿldx. Ndú;h 5
56
fuys m%Odk c, iemhqfï c,h <`.d jk wjia:dfõ § A jE,ajh yd B jE,ajh újD; fyda újD; ke;s wjia:d i,ld neÆ úg c, gexlshg c,h ,efí o
fkd,efí o hkak my; j.=j 5'1 ys igyka lr we;'
j.=j 5'1 - A yd B jE,aj u.ska c,h ,efnk wdldr
A jE,ajh B jE,ajh gexlshg c,h
újD; ke; újD; ke; fkd,efí
újD; ke; újD; fkd,efí
újD; újD; ke; fkd,efí
újD; újD; ,efí
fuys újD; hkak 1 f,i;a újD; ke; hkak 0 f,i;a fuka u, ,efí
hkak 1 f,i;a fkd,efí hkak 0 f,i;a wdfoaY lr by; j.=j iïmQ¾K l< úg
,efnk 5'2 j.=j n,kak'
j.=j 5'2 - c,h ,efnk wdldrh 0 iy 1 u.ska wdo¾Ykh
A jE,ajh B jE,ajh gexlshg c,h
0 0 00 1 01 0 01 1 1
by; c, iemhqu i`oyd fhdod .kakd jE,aj u.ska c,h .uka lsÍug bv
i,ikjdo keoao hkak ;SrKh jkakd fiau AND oajdrhl úoHq;a ix{djla mj;So
fkdmj;So hkak olajkq ,efí' ix{djla mj;sk nj 1 u.ska o fkdmj;sk nj 0
u.ska o olajhs'
AND oajdrfha iïu; ixfla;h
AB
A.B
A, B wdodk jQ úg
oajdrhl wdodk bx.%Sis lemsg,a wl=rej,ska olajhs' A iy B wdodk f,i we;s AND oajdrfha m%;sodkh A.B f,i olajhs'
AND oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh oelaùu i`oyd my; oelafjk i;H;d j.=j
fhdod .efka'
57
wdodk m%;sodkh
A B A.B0 0 00 1 01 0 01 1 1
AND oajdrhl m%;sodkh 1 ùu i`oyd wdodk folu 1 úh hq;= h'
OR oajdrh
OR oajdrfhys l%shdldÍ;ajh wjfndaO lr.ekSu i`oyd my; iudldrh i,ld
n,uq' ksjilg wLKav c, iemhqula ,nd .ekSu i`oyd m%Odk c, iemhqug wu;rj
c, gexlshla o my; rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg iïnkaO lr we;' fuys A, B hk
jE,aj folla iïnkaO lr we;' ^rEmh 5'2 n,kak'&
A jE,ajhm%Odk c,
iemhqu
B jE,ajh
rEmh 5'2 - OR oajdrh i`oyd iudldrhla
fuys m%Odk c, iemhqfï c,h <`.d jk wjia:dfjys §, A jE,ajh yd B jE,ajh újD; yd újD; ke;s wjia:d i,ld neÆ úg ksjig c,h ,efí o, fkd,efí
o hkak my; j.=fjys igyka lr we;'
58
A jE,ajh B jE,ajh ksjig c,h
újD; ke; újD; ke; fkd,efí
újD; ke; újD; ,efí
újD; újD; ke; ,efí
újD; újD; ,efí
fuys § o újD; hkAk 1 f,i;a újD; ke; hkak 0 f,i;a fuka u, ,efí
hkak 1 f,i;a fkd,efí hkak 0 f,i;a wdfoaY lr by; j.=j iïmQ¾K l< úg;
A jE,ajh B jE,ajh ksjig c,h
0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 1
by; c, iemhqu i`oyd fhdod .kakd jE,aj u.ska c,h .uka lsÍug bv
i,ikjdo keoao hkak ;SrKh jkakd fiau OR oajdrhl úoHq;a ix{djla mj;S o
fkdmj;S o hkak olajkq ,efí' ix{djla mj;sk nj 1 u.ska o fkdmj;sk nj 0
u.ska o olajhs'
OR oajdrfha iïu; ixfla;h
A
BA + B
A, B wdodk jQ úg
by; rEmigyfka olajd we;af;a úoHq;a mßm:j, olakg ,efnk OR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (OR Gate) jk w;r" tys A, B wdodk (Input) jk w;r A + B
m%;sodk (Output) fõ' OR oajdrhg wod< i;H;d j.=j my; oelafõ'
A B A + B0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 1
wju jYfhka tla wdodkhla fyda 1 jk úg OR oajdrfha m%;sodkh 1 fõ'
59
NOT oajdrh
NOT oajdrfhys l%shdldÍ;ajh wjfndaO lr.ekSu i`oyd my; iudldrh
i,ld n,uq' br t<sh ke.S tk úg iajhxl%Sh j ksù hk iy w`ÿr jeà f.k tk
úg iajhxl%Sh j oe,afjk ùÈ ,dïmq iys; ùÈhl rEmhla 5'3 ys oelafõ'
rEmh 5'3 - iajhxl%Sh ùÈ ,dïmq oe,aùu
br t<sh úÿ,s ,dïmqj
we; fkdoe,afõ
ke; oe,afõ
fuys wdf,dalh we; hkak 1 f,i;a wdf,dalh ke; hkak 0 f,i;a .;a
l, úÿ,s myk fkdoe,aùu 0 f,i;a oe,aùu 1 f,i;a oelaúh yel'
br t<sh úÿ,s ,dïmqj
1 00 1
NOT oajdrhl m%;sodkh tys wdodkhg m%;súreoaO l%shdj olajhs'
wdodkh m%;sodkh
wdf,dalh ,eîu n,anh ksùu
wdf,dalh fkd,eîu n,anh oe,aùu
60
NOT oajdrfha ixfla;h my; mßÈ fõ'
A A
A wdodkh jQ úg NOT oajdrfha iïu; ixfla;h
by; rEmigyfka olajd we;af;a úoHq;a mßm:j, olakg ,efnk NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOT Gate) jk w;r" tys A wdodk (input) jk w;r A m%;sodk
(output) fõ' tys i;H;d j.=j my; oelafõ'
A A
1 00 1
fuys 1 u.ska tla fjda,aàh;djla o 0 u.ska fjk;a fjda,aàh;djhla o ksrEmKh
flf¾'
;d¾lsl oajdr ixfhdackfhka mßm: ilia lsÍu
Wod 1 - my; mßm:hg wdodkh 1 fyda 0 ,nd fok wjia:dj, § m%;sodkh ,nd
.ekSu
0 11
wdodkh 1 úg
1 00
wdodkh 0 úg
Wod 2 - my; mßm:hg ,nd § we;s wdodkj,g wod< m%;sodk ,nd .ekSu
11
0
0
OR Gate tflys §" wdodk tlg tl;= ùfuka m%;sodkh ,efnhs' (1 + 0 = 1)
61
l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a 5'1" 5'2" 5'3" 5'4 iy 5'5 n,kak'
igyk - ;¾lk oajdr (Logic gates)
1' mß.Klj, uOH ieliqï tallfha (CPU) iy wfkl=;a fndfyda
wx.j, uQ,sl f.dvke.Sï tallh ;¾lk oajdr (Logic gates) fõ'
úfYaIfhka uOH ieliqï tallfha l%shdldÍ;ajh uQ,slj u isÿjkafka
;¾lk oajdrj, Wmldrfhks'
2' j¾;udk f,dalfha fndfyda f,i Ndú; jk wxls; mß.Klj,
(digital computers) wxls; ix{d (digital) Ndú; fõ' wxls; ix{dj,
úfYaIh kï" ´kE u fõ,djl tys w.h" hïlsis ksYaÑ; w.hhka
l=,lhlska ^idudkHfhka w.hhka follska& tlla ùuhs' ^rEmh 1&
rEmh 1 - ixLHdxl ix{djla
3' wxls; ;¾lk mßm:hla wxls; wdodk ,ndf.k wxls; m%;sodk foa'
wxls; ;¾lk wdodk yd m%;sodk idudkHfhka oaúuh (binary) fõ'
tkï" tajdfha ;sìh yelafla w.hhka follska (0,1) tlla muKs'
4' oaúuh w.hhka oelaùu úê lsysmhlska l< yels h' 1 fyda 0 fh§u
fndfyda m%p,s; l%uhhs' tfia u tajd TRUE/ FALSE f,iska o" HIGH/LOW f,iska o we;eï úg bÈßm;a flf¾' mß.Kl oDVdx. uÜgfï
§ tajd i;H fjda,aàh;d w.hhka u.ska o (5V fyda 0V) oelaúh yel'
^j.=j 2&
j.=j 2 - oaúuh w.hhka bÈßm;a lsÍfï úê
1 0HIGH LOWTrue False
5 V ^fjda,AÜ& 0 V
5' ;u o;a; ieliSfï lghq;= i`oyd mß.Klh AND, OR yd NOT hk
uQ,sl ;¾lk oajdr Wmfhda.S lr .kshs' by; oajdr 1 fyda 0 wdodk
,ndf.k" 1 fyda 0 m%;sodk foa'
62
uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr
1. AND2. OR3. NOT
² fuu oajdrhkag wdodk ,nd Èh hq;= w;r" túg thg wod< m%;sodkh ,nd .;
yel'
² AND oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh
AB
A.B
² OR oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh
A
BA + B
² NOT oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh
A A
idrdxYh
63
fuu tallh yeoEÍfuka Tng"
² fijqï hka;%
² wka;¾cd,h Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re .fõIKh
² fjí msgq ks¾udKh lsÍu
² fjí wvú ixj¾Okh lsÍu
ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,efnkq we;'
fijqï hka;%6'1
wka;¾cd,hg msúfik Tng wjYH oE ^f;dr;=re" mska;+r" ùäfhda wdÈh&
fidhd .ekSu i`oyd fijqï hka;% Ndú; l< yels h ^rEmh 6'1 n,kak&'
m%Odk fijqï hka;% lsysmhla
rEmh 6'1 - m%Odk fijqï hka;% lsysmhla
wka;¾cd,fha ießiruq6
64
wka;¾cd,h Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re .fõIKh
wka;¾cd, Ndú;fhka f;dr;=re .fõIKfha § fkdfhl=;a l%u Ndú; fõ'
bka lsysmhla fufia oelaúh yels h'
fijqï hka;%
fjí wvú fidhd .ekSu i`oyd fijqï hka;%
fhdod .efka' uq, moh (keyword) fiùu
(search) ;Srfha h;=re ,shkh lsÍfuka ta yd
iïnkaê; fjí wvú ,ehsia;= .; fõ'
újD; lrk ,o fjí msgq b;sydih (History)
wka;¾cd, fijqï hka;% uE; ld,fha § újD;
lrk ,o fjí ,smsk .nvd lr .kS'
wka;¾cd, b;sydih Ndú;fhka uE; ld,fha
§ újD; lrk ,o fjí wvú újD; lr .;
yels h'
fmd;a i,l=K Bookmark/ m%sh;u fjí wvú Favourite
fndfyda úg Ndú; jk fjí wvú fmd;a
i,l=K/m%sh;u u; la,sla lsÍfuka ;ekam;a
lr .; yels h'
fufia ;ekam;a lrk ,o fjí wvú ,ehsia;=jla
f,i o¾Ykh fõ' tu.ska wjYH jk fjí
wvúh f;dard .; yels h'
New tab Ctrl + T
Ctrl + N
Ctrl + Shift +N
New window
New incognito window
Always show bookmarks bar
Full screen
History
Bookmark manager
Downloads
Extensions
F11
Ctrl+B
Ctrl+H Ctrl+Shift + B
Ctrl+ J
65
wêikaOdk Hyperlinks
újD; jQ fjí msgqjl we;s wêikaOdk u.ska
tu fjí msgqfõ u fjk;a ia:dkhla yd
iïnkaOùug fyda fjkiaa u fjí msgqjla yd
iïnkaO ùug fyda yels h'
wêikaOdkhla (hyperlink) iys; jdlHhla
fyda jpkhlA háka brla we`o mdg fhdod we;'
uQislh ta u;g f.khdfï § w;l i,l=Kla
Èiafõ'
bÈßhg" msgqmig Forward Backward
fjí msgq w;r .fõIKh lsÍfï § fmr §
o¾Ykh jQ fjí msgqjg wdmiq hdu;a kej;
bÈßhg hdu;a fuu fnd;a;ï u.ska l< yels
h'
fjí msgqfõ by< jï fl<jfrys fïjd oelsh
yels h' msgqmig bÈßhg
má;s Tabs
tla fijqï hka;% ljq¿jla ;=<g wjYH jk fjí msgq /ila tl;= lr .; yels
h' fïjd má;s (tabs) kï fõ'
fufia má;s wdldrhg fjí msgq újD; lr .ekSfuka fjí msgq w;r udreùu
myiq fõ'
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 6'1 n,kak'
I am not a hyperlink.
66
fjí msgqjla ks¾udKh lruq6'2
ks¾udKhg fmr ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= lreKq lsysmhls
1
² wjYH;dj l=ula o@
² Ndú; lrkafkda ljryq o@
2
² ieliqu iy jHqyh Ndú;hg myiqùu
(Layout and structure)
3
² ie,eiau iy fudaia;rh (design) ² fhdod .kq ,nk j¾K" wl=re iy wl=rej,
m%udKh
² wvx.= f;dr;=re lshùug myiqùu iy
meyeÈ,s nj
4
³ ux fijqï (navigation) ² Ndú; lrkakka fjí msgqfjys ießirkafka
flfia o@
² fjk;a fjí msgq iu. iïnkaOùug fhdod
.efkk ux fijqï (navigation)
5
³ Ñ;%l Ndú;h
² Ndú; lrkakkag .e<mSu
² wka;¾.;hg .e<mSu
² wju Ndú;h
67
fjí msgq ks¾udKh lsÍu i`oyd wjYH jk m%Odk wx.
fuj,u - Tool
fjí msgq ks¾udKh i`oyd Ndú; lrkq
,nk jev;,h (platform) fuj,u
f,iska ye`Èkafõ' fuj,ï rdYshla we;s
w;r bka lsysmhla fuys oelafõ'
uDÿldx.h - Software
HTML fuj,u Ndú;fhka fjí
msgq ks¾udKh i`oyd fhdod .; yels
uDÿldx. lsysmhla
Notepad, NetBeans, Microsoft Visual Studio Community, Word Press, Bluefish, Eclipse
Wiq,k - Tags/Elements
² fjí msgq ks¾udKfha § Wiq,k Ndú; lrkq ,nhs'
² Wiq,khla i`oyd < > i,l=Kq fhdokq ,efí'
² fhdod .efkk fuj,ug wkqj Wiq,k fjkia jkafka h'
² fndfyda Wiq,khkag wdrïNhla fuka u wjidkhla o we;'
68
HTML fuj,u Ndú;fhka fjí msgq ks¾udKfha § fhdod .kq ,nk Wiq,k
lsysmhla iy tajdfhys ld¾hhka
fjí msgqj ks¾udKh i`oyd HTML fuj,u Ndú;h
igyka lsÍu <html>…</html>
fjí msgq kduh fh§u i`oyd iSudj<head>…</head>
fjí msgqfjys kduh ^msgqj ;=< wka;¾.; fkdfõ'&<title>…</title>
fjí msgqfjys wka;¾.;h fh§u i`oyd iSudj <body>…</body>
ud;Dld fh§u i`oyd <h>...</h>
;o meye .ekaùu<b>…</b>
we, lsÍu <i>…</i>
msgqfjys ;sriaj uOHhkh lsÍu<centre>…</center>
nq,Ü i,l=Kq iys; ,ehsia;= wdrïN lsÍu <ul>…</ul>
wxl iys; ,ehsia;= wdrïN lsÍu <ol>…</ol>
nq,Ü$wxl iys;j ,ehsia;= fh§ug <li>…</li>
jdlHhl wjidkh fmkaùu <br>
fþohla wdrïN lsÍu <p>
mska;+rhla we;=<;a lsÍu<img src=”….”>
wê ikaOdkhla hyperlink we;s lsÍu <a herf=”…”>…</a>
69
Wonderful Benefits of Banana
Adding a banana to your daily diet has an array of benefits in your body.
Bananas help,
1. loss of weight2. keep your bowels healthy3. provide nutrients that regulate heart rhythm 4. have vitamin compounds for eye health.
Bananas provide a variety of vitamins and minerals:
• Vitamin B6 - 0.5 mg.• Manganese - 0.3 mg.• Vitamin C - 9 mg.• Potassium - 450 mg.• Dietary Fibre - 3g.• Protein - 1 g.• Magnesium - 34 mg.
More about bananas
<h>...</h>
<i>…</i>
<p>
<ol>…</ol>
<ul>…</ul
<a herf=”…”>…</a>
{
{
<img src=”….”>
<br>
<b>…</b>
<title>…</title>
l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a 6'2" 6'3" 6'4" 6'5" 6'6 iy 6'7 n,kak'
70
² wka;¾cd,h Ndú;fhka f;dr;=re .fõIKh i`oyd fijqï hka;% fhdod .kq
,nhs'
² Google, Yahoo, bing, Ask, msn wdÈh tjeks fijqï hka;% lsysmhls'
² wka;¾cd, b;sydih" fmd;a i,l=K wdÈh o f;dr;=re .fõIKh i`oyd
WmldÍ fõ'
² wêikaOdk" bÈßhg wdmiaig" má;s wdÈh fjí msgq w;r .uka lsÍu i`oyd
Ndú; fõ'
² fjí msgqjla ks¾udKfha § tys wjYH;dj" Ndú; lrkakka" tys ieliqu iy
jHqyh fuka u Ndú; lrkq ,nk wx. ms<sn`oj o ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
² fjí msgq ks¾udKfha § fhdod .kq ,nk fuj,ï" uDÿldx. iy Wiq,k fjí
msgq ks¾udKh lsÍu i`oyd wjYH jk m%Odk wx. fõ'
idrdxYh
71 115
English-Sinhala-Tamil Glossary
No English Sinhala Tamil
1. abstract model වියුක්ත තවෘතිය fUj;jpay; khjpup
2. acceptance testing පරතිගරහණ පරීක්ෂොව Vw;Gr; Nrhjid
3. access privilege පරතේශීතේ වරපරසොදය mZfy; cupik
4. agile model සුචකය තවෘතිය RWRWg;G khjpup
5. alternate key විවක්ප යතුර khw;Wr; rhtp
6. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
තතොරතුරු හුවමොරුව සඳහො වූ තමපතවොනු සේමත තක්තය
jfty; ,ilkhw;Wf;fhd mnkupf;f epak tpjpf;Nfhit
7. amplitude විස්තොරය tPr;rk;
8. amplitude modulation විස්තොර මූරඡනොව tPr;rg; gz;Ngw;wk;
9. analog පරතිසම xg;Gik
10. anchor රැඳවුම epiy epWj;jp
11. application layer අනුපරතයෝග ස්ථරය gpuNahf mLf;F
12. architecture නිරියතය fl;likg;G
13. arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)
අාව ගණිත හො තොරකිව ඒවවය
vz;fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;f myF
14. array අරොව mzp
15. artificial intelligence වෘතිම ෙුද්ධිය nraw;if Ez;zwpT
16. Affective computing ෙුද්ධිමත් සහ චිත්තතේග ීපපතගණනය
Ez;zwpT czu;jpwd;kpf;f fzpj;jy;
17. associative law සාඝ්ටන නයොය $l;L tpjp
18. attenuation වැහැරීම/හොයනය neha;ik
19. attribute උපකැකිය /ගුණය/ උපකක්ෂණය gz;Gfs;
20. authoring tool සේපොදන තමවකම gilg;ghf;ff; fUtp
21. Automated Teller Machine (ATM)
ස්වයාවෘත මුදක් ගනුතදනු යන්තරය
jhdpaq;fpg; gzk; ifahs;;; ,ae;jpuk;
bx.%Sis)isxy,)fou< mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj'
bx.%Sis isxy, fou<
72 116
22. autonomous ස්වයාපොකව/ ස්වතන්තර/ස්වොයත්ත
RahjPd
23. axiom ස්වසිද්ධිය/පරතයක්ෂය ntspg;gil cz;ik
24. backups උපස්ථ fhg;ngLj;jy;
25. bandwidth වකොප පළක/ෙඳස් පළක gl;il mfyk;
26. batch processing වොණ්ය සැවසුම njhFjp Kiwtopahf;fk;
27. big data මහො දත්ත ngupa juT
28. binary ද්විමය Jtpjk;> ,Ukk;
29. binary coded decimal (BCD)
ද්ීමය තක්තිව දශමය ,Ukf; FwpKiw jrkk;
30. bio-inspired computing දජව තපර්පතත පපතගණනය/ දජව අනුතපර්පතත පපතගණනය
capupay; cs;sPu;g;Gf; fzpg;G
31. bit coin බිටු වොසි Ez;fld; gzk; nrYj;jy;
32. bitwise බිටු අනුසොපතත gpl; thup
33. bitwise logical operation
බිටු අනුසොපතත තොරකිව තමතහයුේ
gpl; thup jHf;fr; nraw;ghL
34. black box testing වොක මාජුසො පරීක්ෂොව fWg;Gg;ngl;br; Nrhjpg;G
35. blogging තව සටහනය tiyg;gjptply;
36. boot–up පරතේශනය njhlq;Fjy;
37. broadcasting විවොශනය njhiygug;gy;
38. browsing අතපතක්සීම NkNyhly;
39. bubble sort ෙුෙුළු තත්රීම/ යො-සැසුනේ තත්රීම
Fkpop tifg;gLj;jy;
40. built-in තුළෙැඳි / තිළැක ි cl;nghjpe;j
41. business process re-engineering (BPR)
වයොපොර �යොවකිතය් පරති ඉාජිතන්රුවරණය
tzpf nray;Kiw kPs;fl;likg;G
42. candidate key නිරූපය යතුර gpujpepjpj;Jtr; rhtp
43. cardinality ගණනීයතොව vz;zsit
44. cathode ray tube (CRT) වැතතෝය කිරණ නකය fNjhl;Lf; fjpu; Foha;
73 117
45. central processing unit (CPU)
මධ්ය සැවසුේ ඒවවය kj;jpa nraw;ghl;L myF
46. characteristics ගති කක්ෂණ / ස්වකක්ෂණ rpwg;gpay;Gfs;
47. check box සකවුණු තවොටුව rupghu;g;Gg; ngl;b
48. client-server model තස්වො තයෝජව-තස්වො දොයව තවෘතිය
Nritg; gadu; khjpup
49. clock ස්පන්දවය fbfhuk;
50. cloud computing වකොවුළු පපතගණනය Nkff; fzpik
51. coaxial cable සමක්ෂව තක්ෙකය Xur;R tlk;
52. code editor තක්ත සාස්වොරව FwpKiw njhFg;gp
53. comment විවරණය tpsf;ff; Fwpg;G
54. commutative law නයොයතද්ශ නයොය gupkhw;W tpjp
55. compact disc සුසාහිත ඩිස්වය Xspapay; tl;L
56. compatibility ගැළපුම nghUe;Jif
57. compiler සේපොදවය njhFg;ghd;
58. component සාරචවය $W
59. composite key සායුක්ත යතුර $l;Lr; rhtp
60. constant නියතය khwpyp
61. content management system (CMS)
අන්තරගත වළමනොවරණ පද්ධ්තිය
cs;slf;f Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik
62. context switching සන්දරභ සුවිචනය re;ju;g;g epiykhw;wy;
63. contiguous allocation යොෙද විභොජනය mLj;jLj;jhd xJf;fPL
64. control structure පොකන වූහය fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;G
65. control unit (CU) පොකන ඒවවය fl;Lg;ghl;lyF
66. credit card ණයපත fldl;il
67. customization අභිරුචිවරණය jdpg;gadhf;fy;
68. data දත්ත juT
69. data and control bus දත්ත සහ පොකන පථ juTk; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; ghl;ilAk;
74 119
93. distributive law ��ටන න�ාය gq;fPl;L tpjp
94. document flow diagram
ෙල්ඛන ගැල�� සටහන Mtzg; gha;r;ry;
tiuglk;
95. domain වසම Ms;fsk;
96. domain name server (DNS)
වස� නාම ෙස්වාදායකය Ms;fsg; ngau;
Nritafk;
97. domain name system (DNS)
වස� නාම පද්ධත�ය
Ms;fsg; ngau;
Kiwik
98. dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)
ගත�ක ධාරක පාලන නියමාවල�ය khWk; tpUe;Njhk;gp
cs;sikT newpKiw
99. dynamic web page ගත�ක ෙව� ප�ට� ,af;Fepiy
tiyg;gf;fk;
100. e-commerce �ද�ත් වානි��ය kpd; tu;j;jfk;
101. economical feasibility ���ක �ක�තාව nghUshjhur;
rhj;jpag;ghL
102. elementary process description(EPD)
ම�ල�ක �යාවල� �ස්තරය mbg;gilr; nra;Kiw
tpgupg;G
103. e-market place ඉ-ෙවළඳ ෙපාළ ,yj;jpudpay; re;ij
,lk;
104. encryption ග�ප්ත ෙ�තනය kiwFwpahf;fk;
105. enterprise resource planning system (ERPS)
ව�වසාය ස�පත් සැලස�� පද්ධත�ය
epWtd %yts
jpl;lkply; Kiwik
106. entity භ�තා��ය/අභිභ�තත්වය/සත්තාව epiynghUs;
107. entity identifier භ�තා��/අභිභ�තත්වය හ�න්වනය
epiynghUs;;
milahsq;fhl;b
108. entity relationship(ER) diagram
භ�තා�� ස��න්ධතා �පසටහන
epiynghUs;
cwTKiw ml;ltiz
109. executable �යාත්මක කළ හැ� ,af;fj;jF
110. executive support system (ESS)
�ධායක සහාය පද්ධත�ය epiwNtw;W cjT
Kiwik
111. expert system �ෙ�්ෂඥ පද්ධත�ය epGzj;Jt Kiwik
118
70. database management system (DBMS)
දත්ත සමුදාය කළමනාකරණ පද්ධත�
juTj;js Kfhikj;Jt
Kiwik
71. data definition language ( DDL)
දත්ත නි�ව�න භාෂාව juT tiuaiw nkhop
72. data dictionary දත්ත ශ�දෙක�ෂය juT mfuhjp
73. data flow diagram දත්ත ගැල�� සටහන juT gha;r;ry; tiuglk;
74. data flow model (DFM)
දත්ත ගැල�� ආකෘත�ය juT gha;r;ry; khjpup
75. data link layer දත්ත සබැඳ� ස්ථරය juT ,izg;G mLf;F
76. data manipulating language ( DML)
දත්ත හැසු�� බස juT ifahsy; nkhop
77. data migration දත්ත ප�යටනය juT ngau;r;rp
78. debugging නිෙදාස් ��ම tO ePf;fy;
79. decision support system (DSS)
ත�රණ සහාය පද්ධත� jPu;khd cjT Kiwik
80. declarative ප�කාශාත්මක mwptpg;G
81. default values ෙපරනි� අගය ,ay;Gepiy kjpg;G
82. defragmentation ප�ත����නය Jzpf;if ePf;fy;
83. demodulation �මූ��නය gz;gpwf;fk;
84. device උපාංගය / උප�මය rhjdk;
85. device driver උපාංග ධාවක මෘ�කාංග rhjdr;; nrYj;jp
86. digital අං�ත ,yf;f Kiw
87. digital camera අං�ත කැමරාව ,yf;fKiwg; glf;fUtp
88. digital economy අං�ත ආ��කය ,yf;fKiwg;
nghUshjhuk;
89. digitizer සං��ාංකකය ,yf;fkhf;fp
90. direct implementation සෘ��ස්ථාපනය Neub mKyhf;fk;
91. disk formatting තැ�/�සක හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tl;L tbtikg;G
92. distortion �කෘත�ය jpupG
75 119
93. distributive law ��ටන න�ාය gq;fPl;L tpjp
94. document flow diagram
ෙල්ඛන ගැල�� සටහන Mtzg; gha;r;ry;
tiuglk;
95. domain වසම Ms;fsk;
96. domain name server (DNS)
වස� නාම ෙස්වාදායකය Ms;fsg; ngau;
Nritafk;
97. domain name system (DNS)
වස� නාම පද්ධත�ය
Ms;fsg; ngau;
Kiwik
98. dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)
ගත�ක ධාරක පාලන නියමාවල�ය khWk; tpUe;Njhk;gp
cs;sikT newpKiw
99. dynamic web page ගත�ක ෙව� ප�ට� ,af;Fepiy
tiyg;gf;fk;
100. e-commerce �ද�ත් වානි��ය kpd; tu;j;jfk;
101. economical feasibility ���ක �ක�තාව nghUshjhur;
rhj;jpag;ghL
102. elementary process description(EPD)
ම�ල�ක �යාවල� �ස්තරය mbg;gilr; nra;Kiw
tpgupg;G
103. e-market place ඉ-ෙවළඳ ෙපාළ ,yj;jpudpay; re;ij
,lk;
104. encryption ග�ප්ත ෙ�තනය kiwFwpahf;fk;
105. enterprise resource planning system (ERPS)
ව�වසාය ස�පත් සැලස�� පද්ධත�ය
epWtd %yts
jpl;lkply; Kiwik
106. entity භ�තා��ය/අභිභ�තත්වය/සත්තාව epiynghUs;
107. entity identifier භ�තා��/අභිභ�තත්වය හ�න්වනය
epiynghUs;;
milahsq;fhl;b
108. entity relationship(ER) diagram
භ�තා�� ස��න්ධතා �පසටහන
epiynghUs;
cwTKiw ml;ltiz
109. executable �යාත්මක කළ හැ� ,af;fj;jF
110. executive support system (ESS)
�ධායක සහාය පද්ධත�ය epiwNtw;W cjT
Kiwik
111. expert system �ෙ�්ෂඥ පද්ධත�ය epGzj;Jt Kiwik
118
70. database management system (DBMS)
දත්ත සමුදාය කළමනාකරණ පද්ධත�
juTj;js Kfhikj;Jt
Kiwik
71. data definition language ( DDL)
දත්ත නි�ව�න භාෂාව juT tiuaiw nkhop
72. data dictionary දත්ත ශ�දෙක�ෂය juT mfuhjp
73. data flow diagram දත්ත ගැල�� සටහන juT gha;r;ry; tiuglk;
74. data flow model (DFM)
දත්ත ගැල�� ආකෘත�ය juT gha;r;ry; khjpup
75. data link layer දත්ත සබැඳ� ස්ථරය juT ,izg;G mLf;F
76. data manipulating language ( DML)
දත්ත හැසු�� බස juT ifahsy; nkhop
77. data migration දත්ත ප�යටනය juT ngau;r;rp
78. debugging නිෙදාස් ��ම tO ePf;fy;
79. decision support system (DSS)
ත�රණ සහාය පද්ධත� jPu;khd cjT Kiwik
80. declarative ප�කාශාත්මක mwptpg;G
81. default values ෙපරනි� අගය ,ay;Gepiy kjpg;G
82. defragmentation ප�ත����නය Jzpf;if ePf;fy;
83. demodulation �මූ��නය gz;gpwf;fk;
84. device උපාංගය / උප�මය rhjdk;
85. device driver උපාංග ධාවක මෘ�කාංග rhjdr;; nrYj;jp
86. digital අං�ත ,yf;f Kiw
87. digital camera අං�ත කැමරාව ,yf;fKiwg; glf;fUtp
88. digital economy අං�ත ආ��කය ,yf;fKiwg;
nghUshjhuk;
89. digitizer සං��ාංකකය ,yf;fkhf;fp
90. direct implementation සෘ��ස්ථාපනය Neub mKyhf;fk;
91. disk formatting තැ�/�සක හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tl;L tbtikg;G
92. distortion �කෘත�ය jpupG
76 121
135. full adder ප��ණාකලකය KOikf; $l;b
136. function ශ�තිය / කා�යය rhu;G
137. functional dependency කා�ය බද්ධ පරායත්තතාව nray; rhu;Gepiy
138. functional requirement කා�ය බද්ධ අවශ�තාව nray;gL Njit
139. quantum computing �ෙවාන්ට� ප�ගණනය nrhl;L fzpg;G
mbg;gil
140. gateway ෙදාරට� මඟ / වාසල් ද්වාරය /වාහල්ෙදාර
Eiothapy;
141. genetic algorithm සහජ ඇල්ෙගා�දමය kugZ topKiw
142. geographical information system(GIS)
භ�ෙග�ල�ය ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය /�හිතැන් ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය
Gtpapay; jfty;
Kiwik
143. graph plotter ප�ස්තාර ලක�ණ�කරණය gltiuap
144. graphic tablet �ත�කඵලකය tiutpay; tptukhf;fp
145. grid computing ජාලක ප�ගණනය Nfhl;Lr;rl;lff; fzpik
146. guided media නියමු මාධ� topgLj;jg;gl;l Clfk;
147. half adder අ�ධාකලකය miu $l;b
148. hand trace හස්තානුෙ��නය ifr; RtLfs;
149. hard disk දැ� තැ�ය / දෘඪ �ස්කය td;jl;L
150. hardware දෘඪාංග td;nghUs;
151. hexadecimal �� දශමය gjpdWkk;
152. hierarchical model ධූරාවල� ආකෘත�ය gbepiy khjpup
153. host සත්කාරකය tpUe;Njhk;gp
154. hub නාභිය Ftpad;
155. human operator �නිස්�යාක�ෙව� kdpj ,af;Fgtu;
156. hybrid approach ෙදමුහුන් ප�ෙ�ශය fyg;G mZfy;
157. hyperlink අ�ස�බන්ධකය kP ,izg;G
158. Integrated circuits ( IC) අනුකල�ත ප�ප� xUq;fpize;j Rw;W
159. icon නි�පකය rpW glk;
120
112. extended binary coded decimal interchange cod (EBCDIC)
�ස්තෘත ද්�මය ෙ�තක දශම ePbj;j Jtpj FwpKiw
jrk ,lkhw;wf; Fwp
113. extended entity relationship (ER) diagram
�ස්තෘත ��තා�ථ ස��න්ධතා �ප සටහන
tpupthf;fg;gl;l
epiynghUs;
cwTKiw ml;ltiz
114. feasibility study ශක�තා අධ�යනය rhj;jpag;ghL fw;if
115. feedback loop ප�ත�ෙප��ණ �පය gpd;D}l;ly; tisak;
116. fetch-execute cycle ආහරණ-�යාකරව�� ච�ය jUtpg;G epiwNtw;Wr;
Row;rp
117. fiber optic ප�කාශ තන්ත� ,io xspapay;
118. file ෙගානවු Nfhg;G
119. file hierarchy ෙගාන ුධරුාවල�ය Nfhg;G gbepiy
120. firewall ගිනි පව�ර jPr;Rtu;
121. normal form ප�ථම ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;
122. fixed internal hard disk අචල අ��න්තර දෘඪ තැ� epiyahd cs;sf
td;jl;L
123. flash memory සැණ/ ���ක මතකය gspr;rPl;L epidtfk;
124. flash memory card සැණ/ ���ක මතක පත gsPr;rpl;L epidtf
ml;il
125. flat file system ඒක ෙගානු පද්ධත�ය rkjsf; Nfhg;G
Kiwik
126. flip-flop ප�ළ�-ෙපාළ vO-tpO
127. float ඉප�ල�ම/ඉප�ල�ම kpjit
128. floppy disk නම� තැ�ය nefpo; tl;L
129. flow chart ගැල�� සටහන gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glk;
130. folder ෙගානු �හ�ම Nfhg;Giw
131. foreign key ආගන්ත�ක යත�ර me;epar;rhtp
132. formatting හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tbtikj;jy;
133. frame රාමවු rl;lfk;
134. frequency modulation ස���ාත මූ��නය mjpu;ntz; gz;Ngw;wy;
77 121
135. full adder ප��ණාකලකය KOikf; $l;b
136. function ශ�තිය / කා�යය rhu;G
137. functional dependency කා�ය බද්ධ පරායත්තතාව nray; rhu;Gepiy
138. functional requirement කා�ය බද්ධ අවශ�තාව nray;gL Njit
139. quantum computing �ෙවාන්ට� ප�ගණනය nrhl;L fzpg;G
mbg;gil
140. gateway ෙදාරට� මඟ / වාසල් ද්වාරය /වාහල්ෙදාර
Eiothapy;
141. genetic algorithm සහජ ඇල්ෙගා�දමය kugZ topKiw
142. geographical information system(GIS)
භ�ෙග�ල�ය ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය /�හිතැන් ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය
Gtpapay; jfty;
Kiwik
143. graph plotter ප�ස්තාර ලක�ණ�කරණය gltiuap
144. graphic tablet �ත�කඵලකය tiutpay; tptukhf;fp
145. grid computing ජාලක ප�ගණනය Nfhl;Lr;rl;lff; fzpik
146. guided media නියමු මාධ� topgLj;jg;gl;l Clfk;
147. half adder අ�ධාකලකය miu $l;b
148. hand trace හස්තානුෙ��නය ifr; RtLfs;
149. hard disk දැ� තැ�ය / දෘඪ �ස්කය td;jl;L
150. hardware දෘඪාංග td;nghUs;
151. hexadecimal �� දශමය gjpdWkk;
152. hierarchical model ධූරාවල� ආකෘත�ය gbepiy khjpup
153. host සත්කාරකය tpUe;Njhk;gp
154. hub නාභිය Ftpad;
155. human operator �නිස්�යාක�ෙව� kdpj ,af;Fgtu;
156. hybrid approach ෙදමුහුන් ප�ෙ�ශය fyg;G mZfy;
157. hyperlink අ�ස�බන්ධකය kP ,izg;G
158. Integrated circuits ( IC) අනුකල�ත ප�ප� xUq;fpize;j Rw;W
159. icon නි�පකය rpW glk;
120
112. extended binary coded decimal interchange cod (EBCDIC)
�ස්තෘත ද්�මය ෙ�තක දශම ePbj;j Jtpj FwpKiw
jrk ,lkhw;wf; Fwp
113. extended entity relationship (ER) diagram
�ස්තෘත ��තා�ථ ස��න්ධතා �ප සටහන
tpupthf;fg;gl;l
epiynghUs;
cwTKiw ml;ltiz
114. feasibility study ශක�තා අධ�යනය rhj;jpag;ghL fw;if
115. feedback loop ප�ත�ෙප��ණ �පය gpd;D}l;ly; tisak;
116. fetch-execute cycle ආහරණ-�යාකරව�� ච�ය jUtpg;G epiwNtw;Wr;
Row;rp
117. fiber optic ප�කාශ තන්ත� ,io xspapay;
118. file ෙගානවු Nfhg;G
119. file hierarchy ෙගාන ුධුරාවල�ය Nfhg;G gbepiy
120. firewall ගිනි පව�ර jPr;Rtu;
121. normal form ප�ථම ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;
122. fixed internal hard disk අචල අ��න්තර දෘඪ තැ� epiyahd cs;sf
td;jl;L
123. flash memory සැණ/ ���ක මතකය gspr;rPl;L epidtfk;
124. flash memory card සැණ/ ���ක මතක පත gsPr;rpl;L epidtf
ml;il
125. flat file system ඒක ෙගානු පද්ධත�ය rkjsf; Nfhg;G
Kiwik
126. flip-flop ප�ළ�-ෙපාළ vO-tpO
127. float ඉප�ල�ම/ඉප�ල�ම kpjit
128. floppy disk නම� තැ�ය nefpo; tl;L
129. flow chart ගැල�� සටහන gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glk;
130. folder ෙගානු �හ�ම Nfhg;Giw
131. foreign key ආගන්ත�ක යත�ර me;epar;rhtp
132. formatting හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tbtikj;jy;
133. frame රාමවු rl;lfk;
134. frequency modulation ස���ාත මූ��නය mjpu;ntz; gz;Ngw;wy;
78 123
182. least significant අඩුමෙවෙසසි rpWk kjpg;G
183. legend �ස්තර පාඨය Fwp tpsf;fk;
184. life cycle of data දත්ත �වන ��ය juT tho;f;if tl;lk;
185. light emitting diode(LED) display
ආෙල�ක �ෙම��ක ද�ෙය�ඩ සන්ද�ශකය
xspfhYk; ,Uthapj;
jpiu / xsp ckpOk;
,U Kidak;
186. linked allocation සබැඳ� ��ාජනය ,izg;G xJf;fPL
187. linker සන්ධාරකය ,izg;gp
188. liquid crystal display( LCD)
�වස්��ක සන්ද�ශකය jputg;gspq;Ff; fzpdpj;
jpiu
189. list ලැයිස්ත�ව gl;bay;
190. liveware �වා�� capu; nghUs;
191. local publishing ස්ථානීය ප�සිද්ධ ��ම cs;sf ntspaPL
192. local area network (LAN)
ස්ථානීය ප�ෙද්ශ ජාලය ,lj;Jup tiyaikg;G
193. logic gate තා��ක ද්වාරය ju;f;fg; gliy
194. Logical Data Modeling( LDM)
තා��ක දත්ත ආකෘත�කරණය ju;f;fj; juT
khjpupAUthf;fy;
195. logical data structure තා��ක දත්ත ව�හය ju;;f;fj; juTf;
fl;likg;G
196. logical design tools තා��ක සැලසු� ෙමවල� ju;f;f tbtikg;Gf;
fUtp
197. looping �පනය tisa tuy;
198. machine code යන්ත� ෙ�තය ,ae;jpuf; FwpaPL
199. machine-machine coexistence
යන්ත�-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම ,ae;jpu- ,ae;jpu
xUq;fpUj;jy;;
200. magnetic ink character reader( MICR)
���බ�ත ත�න්ත අනු ලක�ණ� �යවනය
fhe;j ik vOj;JU
thrpg;ghd;;
201. magnetic stripe reader ���බක ත�� �යවනය fhe;jg;gl;b thrpg;ghd;
202. magnetic tape ����ක ප�ය fhe;j ehlh
203. malware අනශි්ඨ මා�කා�� jPk;;nghUs;
122
160. identity ස�වසාම� milahsk;
161. image �පය gbkk;
162. imperative �ධානාත්මක fl;lis
163. incremental ව�ධනාත්මක VWkhd> mjpfupg;G
164. indexed allocation අනු��ක ��ාජනය Rl;b xJf;fPL
165. information ෙතාරත�� jfty;
166. inkjet printer ත�න්ත ��� මු�කය ikj;-jhiumr;Rg;nghwp
167. instant messaging ��නික ප�ව�� යැ�ම cldbr; nra;jpaply;
168. integrated development environment(IDE)
සෙම�ධානික
ස�ව�ධන ප�සරය
xUq;fpize;j tpUj;jp
R+oy;
169. integration test අනුකලන ප���ණය xUq;fpize;j Nrhjpg;G
170. intelligent and emotional computing
බුද්�මත් සහ �ත්තෙ��ී ප��ණනය
Ez;zwpTk;
czu;jpwDkpf;f
fzpj;jy;
171. interface අත�� මුහුණ ,ilKfk;
172. internet service provider( ISP)
අන්ත�ජාල ෙස්වය සපයන්නා ,izar; Nrit
toq;Fdu;
173. interpreter අ���න�ාසකය nkhopkhw;wp
174. interrupt අත�� ��ම ,ilA+W
175. intranet අන්ත:ජාලය/ අන්ෙත�ජාල mftpizak;
176. internet of things (IoT) සා�ව �ව� අනත්�ජාලය/ සබැඳ� �ව� අන්ත�ජාලය
nghUl;fspd; ,izak;
177. iteration ප�න�කරණය kPs; nray;
178. karnaugh map කාෙන� සිත�යම fhNdh tiuglk;
179. knowledge management system( KMS)
දැනු� කළමනාකරණ පද්ධත�ය mwpT Kfhikj;Jt
Kiwik
180. large scale integration (LSI)
��ාල ප�මාණෙය් අණ�කලනය ghupa msT
xUq;fpizg;G
181. latency පමාව/��ප්තතාව kiwepiy
79 123
182. least significant අඩුමෙවෙසසි rpWk kjpg;G
183. legend �ස්තර පාඨය Fwp tpsf;fk;
184. life cycle of data දත්ත �වන ��ය juT tho;f;if tl;lk;
185. light emitting diode(LED) display
ආෙල�ක �ෙම��ක ද�ෙය�ඩ සන්ද�ශකය
xspfhYk; ,Uthapj;
jpiu / xsp ckpOk;
,U Kidak;
186. linked allocation සබැඳ� ��ාජනය ,izg;G xJf;fPL
187. linker සන්ධාරකය ,izg;gp
188. liquid crystal display( LCD)
�වස්��ක සන්ද�ශකය jputg;gspq;Ff; fzpdpj;
jpiu
189. list ලැයිස්ත�ව gl;bay;
190. liveware �වා�� capu; nghUs;
191. local publishing ස්ථානීය ප�සිද්ධ ��ම cs;sf ntspaPL
192. local area network (LAN)
ස්ථානීය ප�ෙද්ශ ජාලය ,lj;Jup tiyaikg;G
193. logic gate තා��ක ද්වාරය ju;f;fg; gliy
194. Logical Data Modeling( LDM)
තා��ක දත්ත ආකෘත�කරණය ju;f;fj; juT
khjpupAUthf;fy;
195. logical data structure තා��ක දත්ත ව�හය ju;;f;fj; juTf;
fl;likg;G
196. logical design tools තා��ක සැලසු� ෙමවල� ju;f;f tbtikg;Gf;
fUtp
197. looping �පනය tisa tuy;
198. machine code යන්ත� ෙ�තය ,ae;jpuf; FwpaPL
199. machine-machine coexistence
යන්ත�-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම ,ae;jpu- ,ae;jpu
xUq;fpUj;jy;;
200. magnetic ink character reader( MICR)
���බ�ත ත�න්ත අනු ලක�ණ� �යවනය
fhe;j ik vOj;JU
thrpg;ghd;;
201. magnetic stripe reader ���බක ත�� �යවනය fhe;jg;gl;b thrpg;ghd;
202. magnetic tape ����ක ප�ය fhe;j ehlh
203. malware අනශි්ඨ මා�කා�� jPk;;nghUs;
80 125
computing ප�කෘත� අනුෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය fzpg;G
228. nested loop නී�ත �පය ePbj;j tisak;
229. network addresses translating (NAT)
ජාල ෙයාමු ප�ව�තනය tiyaikg;G Kftup
ngau;g;G
230. network architecture ජාල නි��තය tiyaikg;Gf;
fl;likg;G
231. network layer ජාල ස්ථරය tiyaikg;G mLf;F
232. network model ජාල ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;G khjpup
233. neural network ස්නායුක ජාලය euk;gpay; tiyaikg;G
234. non-functional requirement
කා�ය�ද්ධ ෙනාවන අවශ�තාව nray;rhuhj; Njitfs;
235. normalization ප�මතකරණය ,ay;ghf;fy;
236. null අභිශ�න� ntw;W
237. object code වස්ත� ෙ�ත/ nghUs; Fwp
238. object oriented වස්ත� නැඹු� / පා දක nghUs; Nehf;Fila
239. object- relational model
වස්ත�-ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය nghUs; cwTepiy
khjpup
240. octal අෂ්ටමය vz;kk;
241. office automation system (OAS)
කා�යාල ස්වයංකරණ පද්ධත�ය mYtyfj; jd;dpaf;f
Kiwik
242. offline මා�ග අපගත/ මා�ගගත ෙනාවන
njhluW epiy
243. one’s compliment එෙකහි අනුප�රකය Xd;wpd; epug;gp
244. online මා�ගගත njhluwh epiy
245. open source �වෘත මූලාශ� jpwe;j %yk;
246. operational feasibility ෙමෙහයු� ශක�තාව nraw;ghl;Lr;
rhj;jpag;ghL
247. operator category කාරක ප�ව�ගය nrayp tif
248. operator precedence කාරක ප�මුඛතා nrayp Kd;Dupik
249. optical character reader (OCR)
ප�කාශ අණ� ලක�ණ� �යවනය xspapay; vOj;JU
thrpg;ghd;;
124
204. management information system (MIS)
කළමනාකරණ ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය
Kfhikj;Jt jfty;
Kiwik
205. man-machine coexistence
�නිස්-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම kdpjd; - ,ae;jpuk;
xUq;fpUj;jy;;
206. media access control (MAC)
මාධ� ප�ෙ�� පාලක Clf mZfy;
fl;Lg;ghL
207. memory management unit( MMU)
මතක කළමනාකරණ ඒකකය epidtf Kfhikj;Jt
myF
208. mesh topology බැඳ� ස්ථලකය fz;zp ,lj;jpay;
209. microprocessor ���� සකසනය Ez;nrayp
210. microwave ���� තරංග Ez;ziy
211. mini disk ක�ඩා තැ�ය rpW tl;L
212. mobile computing ජංගම ප�ගණනය nry;yplf; fzpik
213. mobile marketing ජංගම අෙළ�කරණය nry;yplr;
re;ijg;gLj;jy;
214. modularization ෙමා�යුලකරණය $W epiyahf;fk;
215. modulation මූ�ජනය gz;Ngw;wk;
216. most significant වැ�ම ෙවෙසසි mjpAau; kjpg;G
217. mother board මව� ප�ව�ව jha;g;gyif
218. multi agent systems බහු කාරක පද්ධත� gy;Kftu; Kiwik
219. multi user-multi task බහු ප��ීලක - බහු කා�යය gw;gadu;-gw;gzp
220. multi-core processors බහු හර සකසන gy;fU nrayp
221. multimedia objects බහු මාධ� වස්ත� gy;Y}lf nghUs;
222. multiplexer බහු පථකාරකය gy;Nru;g;gp
223. multiplexing බහු පථකරණය gy;Nru;g;G
224. multiprocessing බහු සැකසුම gd;Kiwtopahf;fp
225. multitasking බහුකා�ය ��ම gw;gzp
226. multi-threading බහු-අනු�යායනය gy; nray;$W
227. nature inspired ප�කෘත� ෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය/ ,aw;if cs;sPu;g;Gf;
81 125
computing ප�කෘත� අනුෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය fzpg;G
228. nested loop නී�ත �පය ePbj;j tisak;
229. network addresses translating (NAT)
ජාල ෙයාමු ප�ව�තනය tiyaikg;G Kftup
ngau;g;G
230. network architecture ජාල නි��තය tiyaikg;Gf;
fl;likg;G
231. network layer ජාල ස්ථරය tiyaikg;G mLf;F
232. network model ජාල ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;G khjpup
233. neural network ස්නායුක ජාලය euk;gpay; tiyaikg;G
234. non-functional requirement
කා�ය�ද්ධ ෙනාවන අවශ�තාව nray;rhuhj; Njitfs;
235. normalization ප�මතකරණය ,ay;ghf;fy;
236. null අභිශ�න� ntw;W
237. object code වස්ත� ෙ�ත/ nghUs; Fwp
238. object oriented වස්ත� නැඹු� / පා දක nghUs; Nehf;Fila
239. object- relational model
වස්ත�-ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය nghUs; cwTepiy
khjpup
240. octal අෂ්ටමය vz;kk;
241. office automation system (OAS)
කා�යාල ස්වයංකරණ පද්ධත�ය mYtyfj; jd;dpaf;f
Kiwik
242. offline මා�ග අපගත/ මා�ගගත ෙනාවන
njhluW epiy
243. one’s compliment එෙකහි අනුප�රකය Xd;wpd; epug;gp
244. online මා�ගගත njhluwh epiy
245. open source �වෘත මූලාශ� jpwe;j %yk;
246. operational feasibility ෙමෙහයු� ශක�තාව nraw;ghl;Lr;
rhj;jpag;ghL
247. operator category කාරක ප�ව�ගය nrayp tif
248. operator precedence කාරක ප�මුඛතා nrayp Kd;Dupik
249. optical character reader (OCR)
ප�කාශ අණ� ලක�ණ� �යවනය xspapay; vOj;JU
thrpg;ghd;;
124
204. management information system (MIS)
කළමනාකරණ ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය
Kfhikj;Jt jfty;
Kiwik
205. man-machine coexistence
�නිස්-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම kdpjd; - ,ae;jpuk;
xUq;fpUj;jy;;
206. media access control (MAC)
මාධ� ප�ෙ�� පාලක Clf mZfy;
fl;Lg;ghL
207. memory management unit( MMU)
මතක කළමනාකරණ ඒකකය epidtf Kfhikj;Jt
myF
208. mesh topology බැඳ� ස්ථලකය fz;zp ,lj;jpay;
209. microprocessor ���� සකසනය Ez;nrayp
210. microwave ���� තරංග Ez;ziy
211. mini disk ක�ඩා තැ�ය rpW tl;L
212. mobile computing ජංගම ප�ගණනය nry;yplf; fzpik
213. mobile marketing ජංගම අෙළ�කරණය nry;yplr;
re;ijg;gLj;jy;
214. modularization ෙමා�යුලකරණය $W epiyahf;fk;
215. modulation මූ�ජනය gz;Ngw;wk;
216. most significant වැ�ම ෙවෙසසි mjpAau; kjpg;G
217. mother board මව� ප�ව�ව jha;g;gyif
218. multi agent systems බහු කාරක පද්ධත� gy;Kftu; Kiwik
219. multi user-multi task බහු ප��ීලක - බහු කා�යය gw;gadu;-gw;gzp
220. multi-core processors බහු හර සකසන gy;fU nrayp
221. multimedia objects බහු මාධ� වස්ත� gy;Y}lf nghUs;
222. multiplexer බහු පථකාරකය gy;Nru;g;gp
223. multiplexing බහු පථකරණය gy;Nru;g;G
224. multiprocessing බහු සැකසුම gd;Kiwtopahf;fp
225. multitasking බහුකා�ය ��ම gw;gzp
226. multi-threading බහු-අනු�යායනය gy; nray;$W
227. nature inspired ප�කෘත� ෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය/ ,aw;if cs;sPu;g;Gf;
82 127
273. pointing device දැ�ව�� උපාංගය Rl;b rhjdk;
274. port ෙකෙවනිය thapy;> Jiw
275. portable external hard disk
ජංගම/සුවහනීය බාහිර දෘඪ තැ�ය
fhtj;jF Gw td;jl;L
276. portal ද්වාරය/ ආමුඛද්වාරය tiythry;
277. Point of sale (POS) machine
�ක�ණ�� ෙපාල යන්ත� tpw;gid ,l ,ae;jpuk;
278. postulate උපකල්පනය vLNfhs;
279. power supply ��ල� සැපයුම/ජව සැපයුම kpd; toq;fp
280. presence check තථ�තා ප��ෂාව ,Uj;jy; rupghu;j;jy;
281. presentation layer සම�පන/ඉද��පත් ��� ස්ථරය Kd;itg;G mLf;F
282. primary key ප�ාථ�ක/මුල ්යත�ර Kjd;ikr; rhtp
283. primitive data type ප�ාථ�ක දත්ත ව�ගය G+u;tPfj; juT tif
284. privacy ෙපෟද්ගල�කත්වය me;juq;fk;
285. private key ෙපෟද්ගල�ක යත�ර gpuj;jpNafr; rhtp
286. process �යාවල�ය/�යායනය/ සැකසුම nray;/ Kiwtopahf;fy
287. process control block(PCB)
�යායන පාලන ඛ��ය nray; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;
njhFjp
288. process management �යායන කළමනාකරණය nray; Kfhikj;Jtk;
289. process states �යායන තතත්්ව nray; epiy
290. process transition �යායන සං�මණය nray; epiykhwy;
291. product commercialization
නිෂ්පාදන වා�ජ�කරණය jahupg;G
tu;j;jfkakhf;fy;
292. product of sum (POS) �ක�යන්ෙග් ග��තය $l;Lj;njhifapd;
ngUf;fk;
293. program translator �මෙල්ඛ ප�ව�තක nra;epuy;
nkhopngau;g;ghd;
294. proprietary හි�ක� සහිත jdpAupik
295. protocol නියමාවල�ය elg;nghOq;F
126
250. optical mark reader (OMR)
ප�කාශ ලක��� �යවනය fhe;j ik vOj;JU
thrpg;ghd;
251. output ප�ත�දානය ntspaP;L
252. packet switching ෙපාද� හුවමා�ව nghjp kilkhw;wy;
253. paging ප���කරනය gf;fkply;
254. paradigm සුසමාද�ශය/ ප�ත�මානය/ප�ත��පය
Nfhl;ghl;Lr; rl;lfk;
255. parallel implementation
සමාන්තර ස්ථාපනය rkhe;ju mKyhf;fk;
256. parameter passing පරා�ත� ය��ම gukhdf; flj;jy;
257. parity සමතාව rkepiy
258. password මුර පදය flTr;nrhy;
259. payment gateway ෙගව�� වාසල් ද්වාරය gzf; nfhLg;gdT
Eiothapy;
260. periodic refreshing �ව�ත ප�ෙබ�ධකර�ය fhyKiw GJg;gpj;jy;
261. peripheral device ප�යන්ත උපාංගය / උප�මය Gwr; rhjdk;
262. phablet ���ල� ngg;yl;
263. phased implementation �ව�ස්ථාපනය / ප�යවර �යාත්මක��ම
fl;l mKyhf;fy;
264. phase modulation කලා මු��නය epiy gz;Ngw;wk;
265. phishing තත�බෑම topg;gwpj;jy;
266. physical layer ෙභෟත�ක ස්ථරය ngsjPf mLf;F
267. physical memory ෙභෟත�ක මතකය ngsjPf epidtfk;
268. pilot implementation නියාමක ස්ථාපනය / නියාමක �යාත්මක ��ම
Kd;Ndhb mKyhf;fy;
269. piracy ෙචෟරත්වය/ ���නය fsT
270. pirated software ෙචෟර/���ත ම��කාංග jpUl;L nkd;nghUs;
271. plagiarism ග�න්ථ/රචනා ෙචෟ�යය fUj;Jj; jpUl;L
272. point to point connection
ඍජ� ල��� ස�බන්ධතාව Xd;Wlndhd;W
,izg;G
83 127
273. pointing device දැ�ව�� උපාංගය Rl;b rhjdk;
274. port ෙකෙවනිය thapy;> Jiw
275. portable external hard disk
ජංගම/සුවහනීය බාහිර දෘඪ තැ�ය
fhtj;jF Gw td;jl;L
276. portal ද්වාරය/ ආමුඛද්වාරය tiythry;
277. Point of sale (POS) machine
�ක�ණ�� ෙපාල යන්ත� tpw;gid ,l ,ae;jpuk;
278. postulate උපකල්පනය vLNfhs;
279. power supply ��ල� සැපයුම/ජව සැපයුම kpd; toq;fp
280. presence check තථ�තා ප��ෂාව ,Uj;jy; rupghu;j;jy;
281. presentation layer සම�පන/ඉද��පත් ��� ස්ථරය Kd;itg;G mLf;F
282. primary key ප�ාථ�ක/මුල ්යත�ර Kjd;ikr; rhtp
283. primitive data type ප�ාථ�ක දත්ත ව�ගය G+u;tPfj; juT tif
284. privacy ෙපෟද්ගල�කත්වය me;juq;fk;
285. private key ෙපෟද්ගල�ක යත�ර gpuj;jpNafr; rhtp
286. process �යාවල�ය/�යායනය/ සැකසුම nray;/ Kiwtopahf;fy
287. process control block(PCB)
�යායන පාලන ඛ��ය nray; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;
njhFjp
288. process management �යායන කළමනාකරණය nray; Kfhikj;Jtk;
289. process states �යායන තතත්්ව nray; epiy
290. process transition �යායන සං�මණය nray; epiykhwy;
291. product commercialization
නිෂ්පාදන වා�ජ�කරණය jahupg;G
tu;j;jfkakhf;fy;
292. product of sum (POS) �ක�යන්ෙග් ග��තය $l;Lj;njhifapd;
ngUf;fk;
293. program translator �මෙල්ඛ ප�ව�තක nra;epuy;
nkhopngau;g;ghd;
294. proprietary හි�ක� සහිත jdpAupik
295. protocol නියමාවල�ය elg;nghOq;F
126
250. optical mark reader (OMR)
ප�කාශ ලක��� �යවනය fhe;j ik vOj;JU
thrpg;ghd;
251. output ප�ත�දානය ntspaP;L
252. packet switching ෙපාද� හුවමා�ව nghjp kilkhw;wy;
253. paging ප���කරනය gf;fkply;
254. paradigm සුසමාද�ශය/ ප�ත�මානය/ප�ත��පය
Nfhl;ghl;Lr; rl;lfk;
255. parallel implementation
සමාන්තර ස්ථාපනය rkhe;ju mKyhf;fk;
256. parameter passing පරා�ත� ය��ම gukhdf; flj;jy;
257. parity සමතාව rkepiy
258. password මුර පදය flTr;nrhy;
259. payment gateway ෙගව�� වාසල් ද්වාරය gzf; nfhLg;gdT
Eiothapy;
260. periodic refreshing �ව�ත ප�ෙබ�ධකර�ය fhyKiw GJg;gpj;jy;
261. peripheral device ප�යන්ත උපාංගය / උප�මය Gwr; rhjdk;
262. phablet ���ල� ngg;yl;
263. phased implementation �ව�ස්ථාපනය / ප�යවර �යාත්මක��ම
fl;l mKyhf;fy;
264. phase modulation කලා මු��නය epiy gz;Ngw;wk;
265. phishing තත�බෑම topg;gwpj;jy;
266. physical layer ෙභෟත�ක ස්ථරය ngsjPf mLf;F
267. physical memory ෙභෟත�ක මතකය ngsjPf epidtfk;
268. pilot implementation නියාමක ස්ථාපනය / නියාමක �යාත්මක ��ම
Kd;Ndhb mKyhf;fy;
269. piracy ෙචෟරත්වය/ ���නය fsT
270. pirated software ෙචෟර/���ත ම��කාංග jpUl;L nkd;nghUs;
271. plagiarism ග�න්ථ/රචනා ෙචෟ�යය fUj;Jj; jpUl;L
272. point to point connection
ඍජ� ල��� ස�බන්ධතාව Xd;Wlndhd;W
,izg;G
power supply
84 129
319. relational schema ස�බන්ධතා ප�පා�ක සටහන njhlu;G Kiwj; jpl;lk;
320. relationship ස�බන්ධතාවය njhlu;GKiw
321. remote �රස්ථ njhiy> J}u
322. render �දැහු toq;F
323. repeater ප�න�කථකය kPsp> kPl;b
324. repetition ප�න��ත�ය kPs; nray;
325. reset button ප�ත�ාර�� ෙබාත්තම kPsikg;Gg; nghj;jhd;
326. retrieve සමුද්ධරණ kPsg;ngW
327. return value ප�ත�ාගමන අගය jpUk;gy; ngWkhdk;
328. reverse auction ප�ත�ෙවන්ෙද්සිය vjpu;khw;W Vyk;
329. ring topology මු� ස්ථලකය tisa ,lj;jpay;
330. router මං හසු�ව topg;gLj;jp>
topr;nrYj;jp
331. routing මං හැසිර�ම topr;nrYj;jy;
332. scanner සුප���සකය EZF Nehf;fp
333. scheduler නියමකරණය xOq;FgLj;jp
334. scope of variable ��ල� පරාසය khwp nraw;gug;G
335. query �මසුම tpdty;
336. selection ෙත්�ම njupT
337. selector වරකය Nju;tp> Nju;e;njLg;gp
338. sensor සංෙ�දකය czup
339. sequence අන�ුමය njhlu;
340. sequential circuit අනු��ක ප�පථය njhlu;r; Rw;W
341. sequential search අනු��ක ෙසව�ම tupirKiwj; Njly;
342. server ෙස්වාදායකය / අනුග�ාහකය Nritafk;
343. session layer සැසි ස්ථරය mku;T mLf;F
344. sharable pool හුවමා� ප�ංජය gfpujF nghJ ,lk;
345. sign-magnitude ලක�ණ�වත් ප�මාණය / සංල���ත FwpAila tPr;rsT
128
296. prototyping මූලාකෘත�කරණය %ytif khjpup
297. proxy server නිෙය�ජන ෙස්වාදායකය gjpyhs; Nritafk;
298. pseudo code ව�ාජ ෙ�තය Nghypf;Fwp
299. public switch telephone network (PSTN)
ෙපා� ස්�� �රක�න ජාල ය nghJ Mspaplg;gl;l
njhiyNgrp
tiyaikg;G
300. public key ෙපා� යත�ර nghJr; rhtp
301. pulse code modulation ස්පන්ද ෙ�ත මූ�ජනය Jbg;Gf;Fwp gz;Ngw;wk;
302. pulse width modulation ස්පන්ද �තර මු�ජනය Jbg;G mfyg;
gz;Ngw;wk;
303. radio button �කල්ප ෙත්�ම NubNah nghj;jhd;
304. random access memory (RAM)
සස��ා� ප�ෙ�� මතකය jw;Nghf;F mZfy;
epidtfk;
305. range check පරාස ප���ාව tPr;R rupghu;j;jy;
306. rapid application development (RAD)
���� ෙයදව�� ස�ව�ධනය Jupj gpuNahf tpUj;jp
307. read only memory (ROM)
පඨන මාත� මතකය thrpg;G kl;Lk;
epidtfk;
308. real time ත�� කාල�ක epfo;Neuk;
309. record �පලැ�යාන gjpT
310. redo නැවත ��ම kPsr; nra;
311. redundancy සමත���තතාව kpifik
312. reference model ෙයාමු ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;gpd;
fl;likg;G
313. refreshing ප��ු� ��ම Gj;Japu;g;gpj;jy;
314. register memory ෙර�ස්තර මතකය gjptfk;
315. relational ස��න්ධක njhlu;G> cwTepiy
316. relational model ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය cwTepiy khjpup
317. relational database ස��න්ධක දත්ත සමුදාය cwTepiy juTj;jsk;
318. relational instance ස��න්ධතා නිද��නය njhlu;G Kiw
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
85 129
319. relational schema ස�බන්ධතා ප�පා�ක සටහන njhlu;G Kiwj; jpl;lk;
320. relationship ස�බන්ධතාවය njhlu;GKiw
321. remote �රස්ථ njhiy> J}u
322. render �දැහු toq;F
323. repeater ප�න�කථකය kPsp> kPl;b
324. repetition ප�න��ත�ය kPs; nray;
325. reset button ප�ත�ාර�� ෙබාත්තම kPsikg;Gg; nghj;jhd;
326. retrieve සමුද්ධරණ kPsg;ngW
327. return value ප�ත�ාගමන අගය jpUk;gy; ngWkhdk;
328. reverse auction ප�ත�ෙවන්ෙද්සිය vjpu;khw;W Vyk;
329. ring topology මු� ස්ථලකය tisa ,lj;jpay;
330. router මං හසු�ව topg;gLj;jp>
topr;nrYj;jp
331. routing මං හැසිර�ම topr;nrYj;jy;
332. scanner සුප���සකය EZF Nehf;fp
333. scheduler නියමකරණය xOq;FgLj;jp
334. scope of variable ��ල� පරාසය khwp nraw;gug;G
335. query �මසුම tpdty;
336. selection ෙත්�ම njupT
337. selector වරකය Nju;tp> Nju;e;njLg;gp
338. sensor සංෙ�දකය czup
339. sequence අන�ුමය njhlu;
340. sequential circuit අනු��ක ප�පථය njhlu;r; Rw;W
341. sequential search අනු��ක ෙසව�ම tupirKiwj; Njly;
342. server ෙස්වාදායකය / අනුග�ාහකය Nritafk;
343. session layer සැසි ස්ථරය mku;T mLf;F
344. sharable pool හුවමා� ප�ංජය gfpujF nghJ ,lk;
345. sign-magnitude ලක�ණ�වත් ප�මාණය / සංල���ත FwpAila tPr;rsT
128
296. prototyping මූලාකෘත�කරණය %ytif khjpup
297. proxy server නිෙය�ජන ෙස්වාදායකය gjpyhs; Nritafk;
298. pseudo code ව�ාජ ෙ�තය Nghypf;Fwp
299. public switch telephone network (PSTN)
ෙපා� ස්�� �රක�න ජාල ය nghJ Mspaplg;gl;l
njhiyNgrp
tiyaikg;G
300. public key ෙපා� යත�ර nghJr; rhtp
301. pulse code modulation ස්පන්ද ෙ�ත මූ�ජනය Jbg;Gf;Fwp gz;Ngw;wk;
302. pulse width modulation ස්පන්ද �තර මු�ජනය Jbg;G mfyg;
gz;Ngw;wk;
303. radio button �කල්ප ෙත්�ම NubNah nghj;jhd;
304. random access memory (RAM)
සස��ා� ප�ෙ�� මතකය jw;Nghf;F mZfy;
epidtfk;
305. range check පරාස ප���ාව tPr;R rupghu;j;jy;
306. rapid application development (RAD)
���� ෙයදව�� ස�ව�ධනය Jupj gpuNahf tpUj;jp
307. read only memory (ROM)
පඨන මාත� මතකය thrpg;G kl;Lk;
epidtfk;
308. real time ත�� කාල�ක epfo;Neuk;
309. record �පලැ�යාන gjpT
310. redo නැවත ��ම kPsr; nra;
311. redundancy සමත���තතාව kpifik
312. reference model ෙයාමු ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;gpd;
fl;likg;G
313. refreshing ප��ු� ��ම Gj;Japu;g;gpj;jy;
314. register memory ෙර�ස්තර මතකය gjptfk;
315. relational ස��න්ධක njhlu;G> cwTepiy
316. relational model ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය cwTepiy khjpup
317. relational database ස��න්ධක දත්ත සමුදාය cwTepiy juTj;jsk;
318. relational instance ස��න්ධතා නිද��නය njhlu;G Kiw
vLj;Jf;fhl;L
86 131
370. sub-program උප-�මෙල්ඛය Jizr; nra;epuy;
371. sum of products (SOP) ග��තයන්ෙග් �ක�ය ngUf;fq;fspd;
$l;Lj;njhif
372. supply chain management
සැපයු� දාම කළමනාකරණය tpepNahf
rq;fpypj;njhlu;
Kfhikj;Jtk;
373. swapping ප�ත�හරණය ,lkhw;wy;
374. switch ස්��ය Msp
375. syntax කාරක �ත� njhlupay;
376. system development life cycle(SDLC)
පද්ධත� සංව�ධන �වන ��ය Kiwik tpUj;jp
tho;f;if tl;lk;
377. table වග�ව ml;ltiz
378. table check constraint වග� ප���ා සංෙර�ධකය ml;ltiz rupghu;j;jy;
fl;Lg;ghL
379. tag උසුලනය Xl;L
380. Technical feasibility තා���ක �ක�තාව njhopDl;gr; rhj;jpaf;
fw;if
381. telecommuting �රස්ථ සංවාදය / �ර සන්නිෙ�දනය
njhiynray;
382. testing strategy ප���ණ උප�මය guPl;rpj;jy; cghak;
383. text and font පාඨ සහ අ��ර thrfKk; vOj;JUTk;
384. text formatting පාඨ හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම thrf tbtikg;G
385. text input පාඨ ආදාන thrf cs;sPL
386. normal form ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;
387. thumbnail සැෙක� � FWk;glk;
388. time division modulation (TDM)
කාල ෙ��� මූ��නය Neug; gpup;Tg; gz;ghf;fk;
389. time sharing කාල ���නය Neug;gfpu;T
390. timing කාල ගණනය Neuf;fzpg;G
391. top down design මු�න් �� සැලසුම NkypUe;J fPohd
tbtikg;G
130
ප�මාණනය / �ං�ත ප�මාණනය
346. single user-multi task ඒක ප��ීලක-බහු කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-gw;gzp
347. single user-single task ඒක ප��ීලක-ඒක කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-jdpg;gzp
348. smart card සුහු� කා�පත #l;bif ml;il
349. smart phone සුහු� �රකථනය #l;bifj; njhiyNgrp
350. smart system සුහු� පද්ධත�ය #l;bif Kiwik
351. social networking සමාජ ජාලකරණය r%f
tiyaikg;ghf;fy;
352. software මෘ�කාං� nkd;nghUs;
353. software agent මෘ�කාං� කාරක nkd;nghUs; Kftu;
354. sort ෙත්�ම tupirg;gLj;J
355. source ප�භව %yk;
356. spiral model ස�ප�ල ආකෘත�ය RUsp khjpup
357. spooling �ත�ම Rw;Wjy;
358. Star topology තාරකා ස්ථලකය tpd;kPd; ,lj;jpay;
359. stepwise refinement ප�යවරාකාර ප��පහ�ව gbKiw ePf;fy;;
360. storage ආචයනය Nrkpg;G
361. storage allocation ආචයන �භාජනය Nrkpg;G xJf;fy;
362. stored program concept ආ�ත �මෙල්ඛ සංකල්පය Nrkpf;fg;gl;;l nra;epuy;;;
vz;zf;fU
363. structure ව�හය fl;likg;G
364. structure chart ව�හ සටහන fl;likg;G tiuG
365. structured ව�හ�ත fl;likg;Gila
366. structured query language( SQL)
ව�හ�ත �මසු� බස fl;likg;G tpdty;
nkhop
367. submit button ෙයාමු ෙබාත්තම rku;g;gpj;jy; nghj;jhd;
368. subnet mask උප ජාල ආවරණය cgtiy kiwKfk;
369. sub-netting උප-ජාලනය cgtiyaikg;G
87 131
370. sub-program උප-�මෙල්ඛය Jizr; nra;epuy;
371. sum of products (SOP) ග��තයන්ෙග් �ක�ය ngUf;fq;fspd;
$l;Lj;njhif
372. supply chain management
සැපයු� දාම කළමනාකරණය tpepNahf
rq;fpypj;njhlu;
Kfhikj;Jtk;
373. swapping ප�ත�හරණය ,lkhw;wy;
374. switch ස්��ය Msp
375. syntax කාරක �ත� njhlupay;
376. system development life cycle(SDLC)
පද්ධත� සංව�ධන �වන ��ය Kiwik tpUj;jp
tho;f;if tl;lk;
377. table වග�ව ml;ltiz
378. table check constraint වග� ප���ා සංෙර�ධකය ml;ltiz rupghu;j;jy;
fl;Lg;ghL
379. tag උසුලනය Xl;L
380. Technical feasibility තා���ක �ක�තාව njhopDl;gr; rhj;jpaf;
fw;if
381. telecommuting �රස්ථ සංවාදය / �ර සන්නිෙ�දනය
njhiynray;
382. testing strategy ප���ණ උප�මය guPl;rpj;jy; cghak;
383. text and font පාඨ සහ අ��ර thrfKk; vOj;JUTk;
384. text formatting පාඨ හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම thrf tbtikg;G
385. text input පාඨ ආදාන thrf cs;sPL
386. normal form ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;
387. thumbnail සැෙක� � FWk;glk;
388. time division modulation (TDM)
කාල ෙ��� මූ��නය Neug; gpup;Tg; gz;ghf;fk;
389. time sharing කාල ���නය Neug;gfpu;T
390. timing කාල ගණනය Neuf;fzpg;G
391. top down design මු�න් �� සැලසුම NkypUe;J fPohd
tbtikg;G
130
ප�මාණනය / �ං�ත ප�මාණනය
346. single user-multi task ඒක ප��ීලක-බහු කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-gw;gzp
347. single user-single task ඒක ප��ීලක-ඒක කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-jdpg;gzp
348. smart card සුහු� කා�පත #l;bif ml;il
349. smart phone සුහු� �රකථනය #l;bifj; njhiyNgrp
350. smart system සුහු� පද්ධත�ය #l;bif Kiwik
351. social networking සමාජ ජාලකරණය r%f
tiyaikg;ghf;fy;
352. software මෘ�කාං� nkd;nghUs;
353. software agent මෘ�කාං� කාරක nkd;nghUs; Kftu;
354. sort ෙත්�ම tupirg;gLj;J
355. source ප�භව %yk;
356. spiral model ස�ප�ල ආකෘත�ය RUsp khjpup
357. spooling �ත�ම Rw;Wjy;
358. Star topology තාරකා ස්ථලකය tpd;kPd; ,lj;jpay;
359. stepwise refinement ප�යවරාකාර ප��පහ�ව gbKiw ePf;fy;;
360. storage ආචයනය Nrkpg;G
361. storage allocation ආචයන �භාජනය Nrkpg;G xJf;fy;
362. stored program concept ආ�ත �මෙල්ඛ සංකල්පය Nrkpf;fg;gl;;l nra;epuy;;;
vz;zf;fU
363. structure ව�හය fl;likg;G
364. structure chart ව�හ සටහන fl;likg;G tiuG
365. structured ව�හ�ත fl;likg;Gila
366. structured query language( SQL)
ව�හ�ත �මසු� බස fl;likg;G tpdty;
nkhop
367. submit button ෙයාමු ෙබාත්තම rku;g;gpj;jy; nghj;jhd;
368. subnet mask උප ජාල ආවරණය cgtiy kiwKfk;
369. sub-netting උප-ජාලනය cgtiyaikg;G
88 132
392. touch pad ස්ප��ක උපධානය / පාදකය njhL ml;il
393. touch screen ස්ප��ක ත�රය njhLjpiu
394. transaction processing system( TPS)
ගනුෙදනු සැකසු� පද්ධත�ය gupkhw;wr; nrayhf;f
Kiwik
395. transitive dependency සං�ාන්ත� පරායත්තතාව khWk; rhu;G epiy
396. transport layer ප�වාහන ස්ථරය Nghf;Ftuj;J mLf;F
397. transport protocol ප�වාහන නියමාවල�ය Nghf;Ftuj;J
elg;nghOq;F
398. tuple උපලැ�යාන/ෙප්ල�ය gjpT/epiu
399. twisted pair ��� යුගල KWf;fpa Nrhb
400. two’s compliment ෙදෙකහි අනුප�රකය ,uz;bd; epug;gp
401. type check ප��ප ප��ෂාව tif rupghu;j;jy;
402. constraint සංෙර�ධනය fl;Lg;ghL tif
403. ubiquitous computing ස�වව�ත� ආගණනය vq;Fk; tpahgpj;j
fzpik
404. undo අෙහ�සි ��ම nray;jtpu;
405. unguided media නියමු ෙනාවන මාධ� topgLj;jg;glhj Clfk;
406. uni-casting ස��� ස�ෙප�්ෂණය jdpg;gug;gy;
407. unicode යුනිෙක��/ ඒකෙ�ත Xw;iwf;Fwp Kiw
408. unique constraint අනන� සංෙර�ධකය jdpj;Jtf; fl;Lg;ghL
409. unit testing ඒකක ප��ෂණය myFr; Nrhjid
410. universal සා�වත� nghJ
411. updating යාවත්කාල�න ��ම jw;fhyg;gLj;jy;
412. user ප��ීලක gadu;
413. user defined ප��ිලක නි�වා�ත gadu; tiuaiw
414. validation වලංග� ��ම nry;Ygbahf;fy;
415. variable ��ල�ය khwp
416. very large scale integration (VLSI)
ඉතා ��ාල ප�මාණෙය් අනුකල�ත
kpfg; ngupastpyhd
xUq;fpizg;G
133
417. video graphic adapter (VGA)
�ශ� �ත�ක අනුහු�ක��ව fhnzhsp tiuap
nghUj;jp
418. virtual community අත�� ප�ජාව nka;epfu; r%fk;
419. virtual memory අත�� මතකය nka;epfu; epidtfk;
420. virtual storefront අත�� ෙවළඳ ප�ද�ශනාගාරය nka;epfu; filKfg;G
421. waterfall model ද�යඇල� ආකෘත�ය ePu; tPo;r;rp khjpup
422. wave length තරංග ආයාමය miy ePsk;
423. web portal ෙව� ද්වාරය tiy thry;
424. web server ෙව� ෙස්වාදායකය ,iza Nritafk;
425. web service provider ෙව� ෙස්වා සැපයු�ක� ,iza Nrit
toq;Fdu;
426. white box testing ස්ෙ�ත මංජ�සා ප���ාව ntz;ngl;br; Nrhjpg;G
427. world wide web (WWW)
ෙල�ක �සි� �යමන cyfshtpa tiy
428. uniform resource locator (URL)
�කාකා� ස�පත් නි ශ්චායකය rPu;ik ts
,Ug;gplq;fhl;b
429. uniform resource identifier(URI)
�කාකා� ස�පත් හ�න්වනය rPu;ik ts
milahsq;fhl;b
89 132
392. touch pad ස්ප��ක උපධානය / පාදකය njhL ml;il
393. touch screen ස්ප��ක ත�රය njhLjpiu
394. transaction processing system( TPS)
ගනුෙදනු සැකසු� පද්ධත�ය gupkhw;wr; nrayhf;f
Kiwik
395. transitive dependency සං�ාන්ත� පරායත්තතාව khWk; rhu;G epiy
396. transport layer ප�වාහන ස්ථරය Nghf;Ftuj;J mLf;F
397. transport protocol ප�වාහන නියමාවල�ය Nghf;Ftuj;J
elg;nghOq;F
398. tuple උපලැ�යාන/ෙප්ල�ය gjpT/epiu
399. twisted pair ��� යුගල KWf;fpa Nrhb
400. two’s compliment ෙදෙකහි අනුප�රකය ,uz;bd; epug;gp
401. type check ප��ප ප��ෂාව tif rupghu;j;jy;
402. constraint සංෙර�ධනය fl;Lg;ghL tif
403. ubiquitous computing ස�වව�ත� ආගණනය vq;Fk; tpahgpj;j
fzpik
404. undo අෙහ�සි ��ම nray;jtpu;
405. unguided media නියමු ෙනාවන මාධ� topgLj;jg;glhj Clfk;
406. uni-casting ස��� ස�ෙප�්ෂණය jdpg;gug;gy;
407. unicode යුනිෙක��/ ඒකෙ�ත Xw;iwf;Fwp Kiw
408. unique constraint අනන� සංෙර�ධකය jdpj;Jtf; fl;Lg;ghL
409. unit testing ඒකක ප��ෂණය myFr; Nrhjid
410. universal සා�වත� nghJ
411. updating යාවත්කාල�න ��ම jw;fhyg;gLj;jy;
412. user ප��ීලක gadu;
413. user defined ප��ිලක නි�වා�ත gadu; tiuaiw
414. validation වලංග� ��ම nry;Ygbahf;fy;
415. variable ��ල�ය khwp
416. very large scale integration (VLSI)
ඉතා ��ාල ප�මාණෙය් අනුකල�ත
kpfg; ngupastpyhd
xUq;fpizg;G
133
417. video graphic adapter (VGA)
�ශ� �ත�ක අනුහු�ක��ව fhnzhsp tiuap
nghUj;jp
418. virtual community අත�� ප�ජාව nka;epfu; r%fk;
419. virtual memory අත�� මතකය nka;epfu; epidtfk;
420. virtual storefront අත�� ෙවළඳ ප�ද�ශනාගාරය nka;epfu; filKfg;G
421. waterfall model ද�යඇල� ආකෘත�ය ePu; tPo;r;rp khjpup
422. wave length තරංග ආයාමය miy ePsk;
423. web portal ෙව� ද්වාරය tiy thry;
424. web server ෙව� ෙස්වාදායකය ,iza Nritafk;
425. web service provider ෙව� ෙස්වා සැපයු�ක� ,iza Nrit
toq;Fdu;
426. white box testing ස්ෙ�ත මංජ�සා ප���ාව ntz;ngl;br; Nrhjpg;G
427. world wide web (WWW)
ෙල�ක �සි� �යමන cyfshtpa tiy
428. uniform resource locator (URL)
�කාකා� ස�පත් නි ශ්චායකය rPu;ik ts
,Ug;gplq;fhl;b
429. uniform resource identifier(URI)
�කාකා� ස�පත් හ�න්වනය rPu;ik ts
milahsq;fhl;b
fuu mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj ;jÿrg;a iïmdokh fjñka mj;s'
90
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