Farm Manure-to-Energy InitiativePresented by
Kristen H. Evans (Sustainable Chesapeake)Preston Burnette (Farm Pilot Project Coordination, Inc.)
John Ignosh (Virginia Cooperative Extension)Dr. Mark Reiter (Virginia Tech)Mac Curtis (Windview Farm)
Mike Weaver (Mike Weaver Farm)Glenn Rodes (Riverhill Farm)
Drivers• Chesapeake Bay
“pollution diet” (Total Maximum Daily Load)
• High-density animal production = high P loading.
• Cost-effective alternatives to land application.
Farm Manure‐to‐Energy Initiative Partners: National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation, Sustainable Chesapeake, Farm Pilot Project Coordination, Inc., Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Environmental Finance Center at UMD, Lancaster County Conservation District, Chesapeake Bay Commission, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, International Biochar Initiative, Eastern Shore of Virginia Resource Conservation & Development Council, Flintrock Farm, the Mark Rohrer Farm, the Mike Weaver Farm, Riverhill Farm, Wind View Farm, Frye Poultry Farm, and the Double Trouble Farm, Enginuity Energy LLC, Wayne Combustion, Total Energy, Blue Flame, LEI Products.
Project Funders: National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Chesapeake Bay Funders Network, USDA
Conservation Innovation Grant Program, and the U.S. EPA Innovative Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Program
Technical Guidance: Jeff Porter (USDA‐NRCS East National Technology Support Center ), Greg Zwicke (USDA‐NRCS National Air Quality and Atmospheric Change Team), Jane Corson‐Lassiter (USDA‐NRCS Virginia), U.S. EPA Regiona 3, Chesapeake Bay Program, Don McNutt (Center for Dairy Excellence) Dr. Michael Buser (Oklahoma State University), Dr. Paul Patterson (Pennsylvania State University), Mike Czarick (Univeristy of Georgia), Dr. Jonathan Moyle (University of Maryland), Dr. Jactone Arogo (Virginia Tech), Jennifer Timmons (Univeristy of Maryland Eastern Shore), Bill Brown (University of Delaware), James McNaughton (AHPharma, Inc.), Gerald Redden (Maryland Hawk Corporation), Earl Ray Zimmerman Poultry Farm, Dave Lovell (Old Mill Farms), Robert Clark (Virginia Cooperative Extension), Bill Satterfield (Delmarva Poultry Industry), Hobey Bauhan (Virginia Poultry Federation), Stephen Versen (Virginia Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services), Christopher Hopkins (N.C. State Animal & Poultry Waste Management Center), Maryland Dept. of Environment, Pennsylvania Department of the Environment, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Virginia Department of Enviornmental Quality, and the Virginia Waste Solutions Forum.
Disclaimer: The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the project partners, funders or technical advisors. Also, mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute the endorsement by authors, project partners, funders, or technnical advisors.
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
cc: kendoman26 ‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/52443231@N00
cc: Kecko ‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/70981241@N00
Photo by Will Montague - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/36607441@N05 Created with Haiku Deck
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
cc: NASA Goddard Photo and Video ‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/24662369@N07
Common Fertilizer AnalysisCommon Fertilizer Analysis
Fertilizer label: N-P2O5-K2O
Fresh poultry litter: ~3-3-2
Biochar: ~2-8-4
Poultry litter ash: ~0-10-10 to 0-20-20
Superphosphate: 0-20-0
Triple super phosphate: 0-46-0
Muriate of potash: 0-0-60
Fertilizer label: N-P2O5-K2O
Fresh poultry litter: ~3-3-2
Biochar: ~2-8-4
Poultry litter ash: ~0-10-10 to 0-20-20
Superphosphate: 0-20-0
Triple super phosphate: 0-46-0
Muriate of potash: 0-0-60
Triple Super PhosphateTriple Super Phosphate
Poultry LitterPoultry Litter
Poultry Litter AshPoultry Litter Ash
Slide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia Tech
Slide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia Tech
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Corn Grain YieldCorn Grain Yield
Slide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia TechSlide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia Tech
5 Year Avg.: Retail Fertilizer Value5 Year Avg.: Retail Fertilizer Value
N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O Value
--lbs per ton “as-is”-- ---$ per ton “as-is”--- ‐‐$/ton‐‐
Ash10-14-13
0 277 260 0 161 138 299
Ash20-18-24
0 360 480 0 209 254 463
Ash30-16-23
0 320 460 0 186 244 430
PL3-2-3
64 48 53 37 28 28 93
Cost/lb. $0.58 $0.58 $0.53
Slide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia TechSlide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia Tech
Ship “Back” the NutrientsFresh PL
Ship “Back” the NutrientsFresh PL
http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Ag_Atlas_Maps/Livestock_and_Animals/Livestock Poultry and Other Animals/12 M158 php
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Ship “Back” the NutrientsAsh Co-Products
Ship “Back” the NutrientsAsh Co-Products
http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online Resources/Ag Atlas Maps/Livestock and Animals/Live
SpreadingSpreading
Ash = More dust if untreated.Ash = More dust if
untreated.
Slide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia TechSlide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia Tech
Conclusions: PL Ash as Fertilizer Conclusions: PL Ash as Fertilizer
Poultry litter ash will have real fertilizer value. Highly dependent on feedstock.
Number of flocks.
Will need to be reformulated to practically transport and spread.
“Contaminants” are well within traditional fertilizer ranges.
Based on nutrient value alone, will be transportable out of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Poultry litter ash will have real fertilizer value. Highly dependent on feedstock.
Number of flocks.
Will need to be reformulated to practically transport and spread.
“Contaminants” are well within traditional fertilizer ranges.
Based on nutrient value alone, will be transportable out of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Slide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia TechSlide courtsey of Dr. Mark Reiter, Virginia Tech
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
cc: USDAgov ‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/41284017@N08
Comparing Reactive Nitrogen in Air Emissions: Thermal M2E vs. Land Application of Untreated Litter
500 Tons/Yr of Poultry Litter
*Land application emissions rates From Pote, D. H. and J.J. Meisinger. 2014. J. of Soil & Water Cons., Jan./Feb. 2014, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 17‐25
Comparing Potential Reactive Nitrogen Loss: Thermal M2E vs. Land Application of Untreated Litter
500 Tons/Yr of Poultry Litter in Lancaster County, PA
*Land application edge‐of‐stream and delivered phosphorus loss estimated using the Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool with the “manure transport” practice, assuming 500 tons of poultry litter transported out of the watershed from Lancaster County, PA.
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Comparing Estimated Phosphorus Loss: Thermal M2E vs. Local Land Application500 Ton/Yr Poultry Litter in Lancaster County, PA
*Land application edge‐of‐stream and delivered phosphorus loss estimated using the Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool with the “manure transport” practice, assuming 500 tons of poultry litter transported out of the watershed from Lancaster County, PA.
Perceived Challenges: Particulate Matter Emissions Data is still coming in
Once final stack test data is available from all locations, information will be shared in project report and additional outreach materials (e.g., project eXtension website, etc.)
This data will be key in informing next steps for work beyond this project
While still awaiting additional data….
One area of interest is that the tested units emit somewhat similar fine particulate matter, ranging from grey to white, and sticky/moist to dry
Next Steps: Learning More About this White Stuff
What is it? Perform Speciation Analysis to identify compounds Via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
What size of particulate matter is it? Perform Particle Size Distribution Analysis to determine range of particle
diameters Via laser diffraction
Special thanks to Dr. Michael Buser, Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University
Via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
SEM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ash#/media/File:Back‐Scattered_Electron_Micrograph_of_Coal_Fly_Ash_small.tifPSD: sample PSD analysis performed by Beckman Coulter on PM catch from engineering emission test 3/2014
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Enhancing & Exploring Appropriate Emission Control Technologies
Example Emission Control Technologies
Source:IA DNR Air Pollution Control Images, http://www.iowadnr.gov/Environment/AirQuality/HowAirPollutionIsControlled.aspx
Where We’re At Now
Reviewing and interpreting data Please note that additional data collection and
stack sampling is planned
We anticipate learning a lot more about emissions from these units in the coming weeks as all data comes in and is analyzed
Reaching out to consult with experts in combustion engineering and pollution abatement technologies to review options
Some Key Considerations Going Forward How can existing emission controls be improved?
Are there alternative or complementary emission control technologies that are appropriate for scale and setting?
Operation & Maintenance?
Parasitic load?
Time Requirements?
What are the properties and potential markets of recovered material? Could this help offset abatement costs?
Photo by Ken Lund - Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00 Created with Haiku Deck
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
Photo by JefferyTurner - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/40518938@N00 Created with Haiku Deck
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
LINK: http://www.extension.org/pages/68455/
Farm Manure‐to‐Energy Initiative Partners: National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation, Sustainable Chesapeake, Farm Pilot Project Coordination, Inc., Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Environmental Finance Center at UMD, Lancaster County Conservation District, Chesapeake Bay Commission, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, International Biochar Initiative, Eastern Shore of Virginia Resource Conservation & Development Council, Flintrock Farm, the Mark Rohrer Farm, the Mike Weaver Farm, Riverhill Farm, Wind View Farm, Frye Poultry Farm, and the Double Trouble Farm, Enginuity Energy LLC, Wayne Combustion, Total Energy, Blue Flame, LEI Products.
Project Funders: National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Chesapeake Bay Funders Network, USDA
Conservation Innovation Grant Program, and the U.S. EPA Innovative Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Program
Technical Guidance: Jeff Porter (USDA‐NRCS East National Technology Support Center ), Greg Zwicke (USDA‐NRCS National Air Quality and Atmospheric Change Team), Jane Corson‐Lassiter (USDA‐NRCS Virginia), U.S. EPA Regiona 3, Chesapeake Bay Program, Don McNutt (Center for Dairy Excellence) Dr. Michael Buser (Oklahoma State University), Dr. Paul Patterson (Pennsylvania State University), Mike Czarick (Univeristy of Georgia), Dr. Jonathan Moyle (University of Maryland), Dr. Jactone Arogo (Virginia Tech), Jennifer Timmons (Univeristy of Maryland Eastern Shore), Bill Brown (University of Delaware), James McNaughton (AHPharma, Inc.), Gerald Redden (Maryland Hawk Corporation), Earl Ray Zimmerman Poultry Farm, Dave Lovell (Old Mill Farms), Robert Clark (Virginia Cooperative Extension), Bill Satterfield (Delmarva Poultry Industry), Hobey Bauhan (Virginia Poultry Federation), Stephen Versen (Virginia Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services), Christopher Hopkins (N.C. State Animal & Poultry Waste Management Center), Maryland Dept. of Environment, Pennsylvania Department of the Environment, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Virginia Department of Enviornmental Quality, and the Virginia Waste Solutions Forum.
Disclaimer: The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the project partners, funders or technical advisors. Also, mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute the endorsement by authors, project partners, funders, or technnical advisors.
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Webcast Series September 18, 2015
This presentation is archived at: http://www.extension.org/pages/21819/chronological-webcast-archive
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