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LGA 3013EChildren’s literature
FantasyGroup members:
1) Neo 5) Teo2) Mohan 6) Prithi3) Lexley4) Tee
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What is fantasy?
• It is a genre of writing in which the plot couldnot happen in real life.
• Events occur outside the ordinary laws thatoperate within the universe.
• Magic is central to the fantasy genre.•
Fantasy stories often involve journeys andquests.
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Elementsof FantasyLiterature
Plot
Character
SettingTheme
Style
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Plot• Plot is almost always a natural serial sequence.• It is simple, predictable and often patterned on
– The schedule of birth, growth and death – The seasonal cycle – On the hero’s journey of separation and quest – The action is often ritualised – The character’s actions often based on traditional
roles and archetypes rather than on personalmotivation (the heroine always falls in love with theprince)
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Setting
• Usually set in primitively natural surroundings.• Medieval nature is usually magicalised rather
than scientifically explained.• Technology and architecture are also usually
primitive
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Characterisation• Usually a few human beings are surrounded by proto-
people or para-people who represent transformations ofbasic human traits:
– wizards – witches – elves – fairies – angels
• Often these creatures are psychic types such as villains or
stepmothers• Or emblems such as a dragon who represents the ultimate
challenge• Mythological clue the writing may be fantasy
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Style
• The style is often ‘oral’ or ‘folk’ • use simple vocabulary•
lots of repetition• not much simile or metaphor
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Theme
• Fantasy tends to concentrate on thepsychological character of archetypal truthsand experiences
– birth, growth, wisdom, pain, love• The stories lead to statements about human
beings’ encounter with their inner selves
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Types ofFantasy
ModernFolktales
AnimalFantasy
Toy Fantasy
MagicalFantasy
EnchantedJourneys
andAlternative
Worlds
Heroic orQuest
Fantasy(High
Fantasy)
Supernaturaland Mystery
Fantasy
ScienceFiction
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1. Modern Folktales• They are tales told in a form similar to that of a
traditional tale with the accompanying typicalelements:
– little character description – strong conflict – fast-moving plot with a sudden resolution – vague setting – magical elements
• However, these tales were original and writtenby known authors.
• Examples: Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales
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2. Animal Fantasy•
They are stories in which animals behave as humanbeings in that they experience emotions, talk, and havethe ability to reason.
• The animals in fantasies also retain many of their
animal characteristics.• Animal fantasies often have easy-to-follow episodic
plots.• Animal fantasy constitutes a form of literary
symbolism, the animal characters symbolizing humancounterparts, and these fantasies are often vehicles forexploring human emotions, values, and relationship.
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• Examples: The Tale of Peter Rabbit (BeatrixPotter, 1902), The Wind in theWillows (Kenneth Grahame, 1908), Voyages ofDr. Dolittle (Hugh Lofting, 1922), Charlotte’sWeb (E.B. White, 1952)
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3. Toy Fantasy • They are stories in which admired or beloved toys
(e.g., teddy bears, puppets, or dolls) are broughtto life and transformed into animated beings whotalk, think, live, breathe, and love like humans do.
•
Examples: The Adventures of Pinocchio (CarloCollodi, 1881), Winnie-the-Pooh (A. A. Milne,1926).
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4. Magical Fantasy
• The magic itself – whether a magical object ora character with magical powers – becomesthe very subject of the story.
• Examples: Pippi Longstocking (AstridLindgren, 1950), Charlie and the ChocolateFactory (Roald Dahl, 1964)
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5. Enchanted Journeys &Alternative Worlds
• In many fantasies we see the protagonists undertaking journey to some fantasy world or alternative world.
• The great advantage to sending fictional characters on a journey is that the possibilities for plot variations are virtuallyendless. The plots of fantasies are usually quite loose,sometimes episodic, simply stinging together a series ofadventures.
• We rely on the central character to be our touchstone withreality.
• The journey may have some purpose (e.g., Alice wants to findthe Queen’s Garden, Dorothy wants to find the Emerald Cityand ultimately a way back home), but the purpose isusually overshadowed by the thrill and delight offered by theextraordinary events happening in the fantasy world.
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• Examples: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (LewisCarroll, 1865), The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (L. Frank
Baum, 1900),Peter Pan (Sir James Barrie, 1911), HarryPotter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (J. K. Rowlings, 1998).• Another type of alternative world is the land of
miniaturized characters. Young readers are attracted to
these miniature worlds because they can identify withthe diminutive characters and because these storiesoften depict the clever triumph of the small and weakcharacters over the larger, but duller, bullies of theworld.
• Examples: Gulliver’s Travels (Jonathan Swift, 1726), TheBorrowers (Mary Norton, 1953).
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6. Heroic or Quest Fantasy(High Fantasy)
• They are adventure stories with a quest, or search, motif.• The quest may be pursuit for a lofty purpose, such as justice or
love, or for a rich reward, such as a magical power or a hiddentreasure.
• The conflict usually centers on the struggle between good and evil.• The plots of heroic fantasy are usually more tightly woven, with all
the actions directed toward a single purpose – the triumph of goodover evil.
• Heroic fantasy owes a great deal to the ancient myths, legends, andtraditional folktales, from which are derived themes, plot
structures, even characters and settings.• Examples: The Hobbit / The Lord of the Rings trilogy (J.R.R. Tolkien,1937), The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (C.S. Lewis,1950), The Book of Three (Lloyd Alexander, 1964), The Hero and theCrown (Robin McKinley, 1985).
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7. Supernatural and MysteryFantasy
• One common form of supernatural fantasy isthe ghost story.
• Ghosts in children’s books can be fearfulthreats or helpful protectors.
• Examples: The legend of SleepyHollow (Washington Irving, 1917), HarryPotter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (J. K. Rowling,1998).
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8. Science Fiction• Science fiction is a form of imaginative literature
that provides a picture of something that couldhappen based on real scientific facts andprinciples.
• Much of science fiction is devoted to dramatisingthe wonders of technology.
• Science fiction, in fact, closely resembles heroicfantasy, with magic replaced by technology, andthe plots focused on mighty struggles betweenthe forces of good and evil and with the fate ofcivilisation hanging in the balance.
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• Science fantasy presents a world that often mixeselements of mythology and traditional fantasy withscientific or technological concepts, resulting in asetting that has some scientific basis but never hasexisted or never could exist.
• Science fiction seldom contains much humour becausethe science fiction writer usually wants to create the
illusion of reality.• Examples: Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818), The TimeMachine (H.G. Wells, 1895)
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Why writers use the fantasy genre?
• The major advantage of fantasy is that it can openup possibilities; it is not confined to theboundaries of the real world.
•
Writers are able to convey complex ideas on asymbolic level that would be difficult to conveyotherwise.
• Fantasy works can provide a fresh perspective onthe real world.
• Fantasy stories can suggest universal truthsthrough the use of magic and the supernatural.
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The End.Thank You.
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