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> Non Ruminant Nutrition
Irfan djunaidi
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Setting Nutritional Standards
1. NRC, ARC etc2. Take into account current scientific
development3. Bioassay experiment4. Consider vit. & min recommendation
from various suppliers
5. Evaluate field problems to adjust
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Nutrient needs :
Maintenance : to keep its body functioningwithout any gain or loss in body weight or
any productive activity Growth : increase in size of bones,
muscles, internal organs and other part of
the body. Reproduction
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Factors affecting MaintenanceNutrient Requirement
1. Exercise & stress2. Weather & climate
3. Health4. Body size5. Temperament6. Individual variation7. Level of production
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1. Exercise
Exercise lots are provided for confined animal helpkeep their muscle in better condition and toreduced injury to feet and leg
In restricted lots have a smaller maintenancerequirement
Stress (race, show, transport, weaning etc.)increase maintenance requirements
Greater stress, the more exacting nutrient req. Prepared to reduced stress by proper precondition.
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2. Weathers
Maintenace req. increase as t, RH, and airmovement. Its related to heat loss
In summer need less nutrient compared to
winter nutrient convert to heat < comfort zone
< nutrient keep animal cool.
Optimum t : max. production rate, feedeficiency and reproduction
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2. Sex
Differences in nutrient requirement
Male requirement higher than female :
hormonal and gain rate were higher
3. Health Paracite and disease caused poor feedeficiency
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4. Body size As the basis for determining
maintenance requirement (less accuratethan body surface)
Body surface expressed as metabolicsize : BW 0.67 and BW 0.75
5. Temperament Nervous animal require more nutrient
Estrus animal require more energy
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Factors affecting Growth NutrientRequirement
1. Breed2. Sex
3. Age4. Rate of growth
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1. Agea. Younger animal:
- consume more feed/unit BW- utilize feed more efficiently- higher requirement for protein, EM etc per unitBW
- req. more digested diet
b. As the animal grows, its capacity to use othertype of feed increase
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2. breed
Larger breed grow more rapidly and havea higher nutrient requirement
At same age :- faster gaining animal more efficient- Different feed efficiency
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3. Sex
Male gain more rapidly than female andhave higher requirement
Un castrated males use feed moreefficiently for BWG (high water andprotein, and low fat in BWG)
Mature average size is larger in males Maturity faster in female
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4. Growth rate
Fast gains may be fat gains
Rapid gains may impair reproduction in
female Fleshy feeder animal may not desirable :
reach market weight before desirable
market weight
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Factors affecting reproductionNutrient Requirement
1. flushing2. Sexual maturity
3. Nutritional reproductive failure
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Flushing
Practice of having female gain in weightjust prior to breeding
Feeding 15-30% more 2 -3 weeks prior to breeding
After breeding put on limited feed to
prevent embryo mortality
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Nutritional reproductive failure
(partly on the last third pregnancy) Over feeding or under feeding
Low energy and protein level
Low P decrease number of young born
Low Iodine cause impair and reprod.
Low Vit A. cause weak and blind youngbirth.
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TERIMA KASIH
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