FACILITIES PLANNING
GRID STATIONPresented by
Habib Ali Khan 17517
Hafiz Muhammad Shakir Panjwani 17643
Muhammad Ahmed Ghias17202
Ammad15882
INSTRUCTOR:DR AMIR IQBAL
WHAT IS A GRID STATION?
• An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers. It consists of generating stations that produce electrical power, high-voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and distribution lines that connect individual customers.
Grid Station Functions
• Voltage Regulation
• Voltage Transformation
• Measure Electrical Power Quantity
• Connect Electrical power generating Plants to the system
• Control Of active and reactive and reactive power
LOCATION SELECTION
• Economic and Technical Feasibility
• Load point & requirement
• Bearable Cost (development, Site distance from existing network, misc. cost)
• Area Required
• Transmission line feasibility
• Near-by Grid Capacity
• Transport Network
TYPES OF GRID STATION LAYOUTS
• AIR INSULATED SUB-STATION LAYOUT
• GAS INSULATED SUB-STATION LAYOUT
• HYBRID INSULATED SUB-STATION LAYOUT
Essential Components of a Grid Station
1. 132 KV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) consisting of:
Circuit Breaker
Isolators
Instrument Transformers
2. Power transformer
3. 11 kV Switchgear
4. PLL (power line carrier communication)
Power Transformer• This is the most important component of a sub-
station.
• The main work of a Grid is to distribute power at a low voltage, by stepping down the voltage that it receives in its incoming lines.
• The Grid use step-down transformers to attain this voltage and then distribute this power.
• All the other equipment in a sub-station works only to facilitate the smooth working of the power transformer.
SWITCHGEAR
• The term switchgear refers to the combination of electrical disconnects, fuses and/or circuit breakers used to isolate electrical equipment.
• Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.
• The very earliest central power stations used simple open knife switches, mounted on insulating panels of marble or asbestos.
Switch Gears Components
• Bus Bars
• Circuit Breakers
• Disconnecting Switches
• Earthing Switches
• Current Transformer
• Potential Transformer
• Cable and box
11 KV Switch gears
• Operated at 12 KV
• Work at 630 A
• Load break switch
• Earthing switch
• O/C and E/F Self powered relay
Power line carrier communication
Need of PLCC
• PLCC uses the same high voltage transmission line connecting two substations for Telecommunication purpose.
• PLCC is used in all power utilities as a primary communication service to transmit speech,
• Telemetry and protection tripping commands. This economic and reliable for inter grid message as well as low bit RTU signal
• Avoid dependence of busy telephone lines.
• To cope up with ever increasing size of power grid
Power line carrier communication
• Voice signal modulated on carrier frequency and transmitted on power line
• No need for lying separate cable for transmission
• Integrates transmission of voice and data through same line
• Allows flow of information through same cording which supplies electrical power.
SERGI Transformer Protection
• This transformer protection concept can be applied to all oil-filled transformers. It serves to:
• Depressurize tanks within milliseconds
• Avoid contact between air (Oxygen) and the evacuated explosive gases (Hydrogen, Acetylene, etc.)
• Separate gases from the oil
• Channel the flammable gases away from the transformer to a remote area
• Evacuate the explosive gases from the transformer tank by injecting an inert gas (Nitrogen) into the tank and associated equipment
• Secure the transformer to let the maintenance staff to quickly repair safely.
FACILITY LAYOUT
The objective of plant layout planning is a more effective work flow at the facility, allowing workers and equipment being more productive
OBJECTIVES OF LAYOUT
1. Sense of unity
2. Safety
3. Flexibility
4. Minimum movement of people material & resources
GRID STATION LAYOUT
• Product-oriented layout: Seeks the best personnel and machine utilizations in repetitive or continuous production: GRID STATION
DISADVANTAGES
1. High volume is required
2. Work stoppage at any point ties up the whole operation
3. Lack of flexibility in product or production rates
LAYOUT OF GRID STATION
132kV AIS FIELD
11kV Switchgear Room
Capacitor Room
Battery Bank Room
AC/DC Room
Control Room
PLC Room
Power Transformer Area Office Toilet Pantry Store Generator Area Auxiliary Transformer Area
FIRE STRATEGY
FOLLOWING ARE THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FIRE IN A GRID STATION:
Overheating of equipment/wires
Flash/Spark
Seismic Events
Short Circuit
Law & order
FIRE STRATEGY
Facility designer prepares a fire strategy to counter, minimize losses & to ensure safety of life and property.
A proper fire strategy is included in our Grid Station design
A proper fire suppression system is installed in our Grid Station.
FIRE STRATEGY
A proper fire suppression system is installed in our Grid Station consisting of following components:
1. Fire smoke detectors
2. Fire Alarm system
3. Fire sprinklers
4. Fire hose cabinets with reels
5. Portable fire extinguishers
6. Fire pumps
FIRE STRATEGY
FIRE ESCAPE
• Evacuation in case of fire is a major concern and therefore the layout keeps in its mind fire exits
• There are normal stairs that can be used as well as emergency exits has been provided
CALCULATION• MAXIMUM OCCUPANTS IN GRID STATION
Max population=40ft*141ft/100sqft per person=56.4=56 people
• MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS=2 from below table
The distance between exits= diagnol /8=146/8=18ft one way
NFPA
• NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION
• ESTABLISHES CODES & STANDARDS
• MAIN AIM IS TO MINIMIZE BURDEN OF WORLD FIRE
• OVER 65000 MEMBERS WORLDWIDE
CLASSES OF FIRE AS DEFINED BY NFPA
• Class A fires: Involves Organic material
• Class B fires: Involves flammable liquids
• Class C fires: Involves energized electrical equipment's
• Class D fires: Involves exotic metals
Electrical fires are Class C fires
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