ExperienceswithGridIntegra3onofWindPowerinSriLanka
KamaniJayasekeraDeputyGeneralManager(TransmissionandGenera3onPlanning)CeylonElectricityBoardSriLanka
• TotalCapacity3928MW• Hydro 1377MW-35%• Coal 900MW-23%• Oil 1186MW-30%• OtherRenewable465MW-12%PeakDemand2455MW
PresentCapacityofthePowerSystem
Hydro35%
Coal23%
oil30%
OtherRE12%
PresentStatusofDevelopmentofOtherRenewableEnergy(asat31stMarch2016)
ProjectType No.ofProjects
Capacity(MW)
MiniHydroPower 158 315
WindPower 15 129
Biomass-Agricultural&IndustrialWastePower 4 13
Biomass-DendroPower 4 7
SolarPower 3 1.4
Total-Commissioned 184 465
AnnualEnergyContribu3onfromORE
2014SriLankanTransmission
SystemwithWindDevelopmentZones
PuSalam
Hambanthota
Ambewela
Mannar
KilinochchiWind
Exis3ngWindPowerPlantsProjectName Loca3on Capacity(MW)
HambanthotaWPP Hambanthota 3
MampuriWPP PuSalam 10
SeguwanthivuWPP PuSalam 10
VidathamunaiWPP PuSalam 10
WilpitaWPP Balangoda 0.85
NirmalapuraWPP PuSalam 10
AmbewelaWPP NuwaraEliya 3
MadurankuliyaWPP PuSalam 10
UppudaluwaWPP PuSalam 10
KalpiYyaWPP PuSalam 9.8
ErubukkudalWPP PuSalam 4.8
MampuriWPP-II PuSalam 10
MampuriWPP-III PuSalam 10
PuloppalaiWPP Kilinochchi 10
VallimunaiWPP Kilinochchi 10
MusalpiZWPP PuSalam 10
Total 129
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
WindPowerDevelopment
Capacity(MW) NoofProjects
WindSpeedandEnergyVaria3onatPu\alam(20MW)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1 8760
HourlyEnergy(kWh) WindSpeed(m/s)Hourly
LowWindSeason
CapacityFactor:31.4%
HighWindSeason
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 8760
m/s
kW
hours
HourlyEnergy(kWh) WindSpeed(m/s)Hourly
WindSpeedandEnergyVaria3oninHillCountry(10MW)
HighWindSeasonLowWindSeason
CapacityFactor:25.9%
RenewableEnergyIntegra3onStudies
• System studies are being revised in order to idenYfy thesystem impacts on integraYon of intermiSent renewableenergy sources and to idenYfy the necessary transmissionnetwork improvement including the financial and economicimplicaYons.
DevelopmentPlanofOtherRenewableEnergyPowerPlants
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
20152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202920302031203220332034
Capa
city(M
W)
Year
Solar
Biomass
Wind
MiniHydro
ShareofNCREfromTotalGeneraYon%
PresentGridConnec3onCode• Controls
– ThewindfarmshallprovidethecontrollingfacilitytolimitthevariaYonofthewindfarmbyincorporaYngnecessarycontrolstoindividualwindturbines
– TherampratewillbedefinedforthegridsubstaYonandshallnotexceed10MW/minute
• Protec3on§ FrequencyRequirement(47-52Hz)
§ OverFrequency: 1.04pu-ConYnuously§ UnderFrequency: 0.94pu-ConYnuously
§ VoltageRequirement§ OverVoltage: 1.1pu–ConYnuously
>1.1pu,1sec–Shouldremainconnectedtothegridfor1secondandtrip§ UnderVoltage: <0.9pu,3sec–IfLVRTcapabilityapplicable,
Shouldremainconnectedtothegridfor3 secondsandtrip
§ Otherwise: <0.9pu,1sec–Shouldremainconnectedfor 1secondandtrip
PresentGridConnec3onCodeCont.§ PowerFactorandReacYvePowerSupport
§ WindFarmshalloperateintherangeof0.98leadingtoUnityPowerFactor§ ReacYvepowersupportrangeis0.80laggingto0.95leading
§ LowVoltageRideThrough(LVRT)Capability§ If the grid voltage at the point of interconnecYon reduces to 40% of the
nominal voltageand remainat40%of thenominal voltage foraperiod lessthan100msandthenrecovertoavoltageof90%orhigherwithin3seconds,the wind farm shall remain connected to the grid. If voltage during thedisturbancereducesbelowtheaforesaidvoltageprofile,windfarmshalltrip
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Volta
ge(p
u)
Time(s)
VoltageProfile
4.1s
PresentGridConnec3onCodeCont.
• PowerQuality§ Harmonics
§ RelevantemissionlimitsasperIEC61800-3isgivenbelow
§ Flicker§ FlickeremissionforconYnuousandswitchingoperaYonshouldbewithinthelimitsgiveninIEC60868,IEC61400-21andIEC61000-3-7
HarmonicOrder OddHarmonicCurrent(%ofIrated)
EvenHarmonicCurrent(%ofIrated)
n<11 4.0 1.0
11≤n<17 2.0 0.5
17≤n<23 1.5 0.4
23≤n<35 0.6 0.2
35≤n<50 0.3 0.1
THD≤5%(forn=40)
14
Genera3onExpansionPlan2015-2034
YEAR RENEWABLEADDITIONS
THERMALADDITIONS
2015 - 60MWBargePowerPlant
2016 - -
2017 35MWBroadlandsHPP120MWUmaOyaHPP
-
2018 100MWMannarWindParkPhaseI 2x35MWGasTurbine
2019* - 1x35MWGasTurbine
2020 31MWMoragollaHPP15MWThalpiYgalaHPP100MWMannarWindParkPhaseII
2x250MWCoalPowerPlantsTrincomaleePowerCompanyLimited
2021 50MWMannarWindParkPhaseII -
2022 20MWSeethawakaHPP20MWGinGangaHPP50MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII
2x300MWNewCoalPlant–Trincomalee-2
2023 25MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII 163MWCombinedCyclePlant
2024 25MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII 1x300MWNewCoalplant
2025 1x200MWPSPP25MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII
-
2026 2x200MWPSPP -
PowerSystematPresent
• Installedcapacity -3923MW• PeakDemand -2455MW• OffpeakDemand -950MW
PowerSystematPresentCont.
• Gridissmallandisolated.• PowersystemisoperaYngwithlessspinningreserveandalso
lessreservecapacity.• System frequency is controlledmostly by hydro generators
response Yme of which is not sufficient to respond for amajorsystemdisturbance.
• AutomaYcGovernorControlsarenotinplaceatpresent.• System inerYa is low. Mostly system survives with under
frequencyloadsheddingschemeincaseofadisturbance.
IssuesRelatedtoWindPowerIntegra3on
• To deal with IntermiSency of wind power generaYon,addiYonalspinningreservesarerequired.
• Capacity of transmission infrastructure in wind rich areas islimited.
• Wind power is available mostly during minimum loadcondiYon when major power contribuYon is from coal.Therefore,windpowerhastobeintegratedde-loadingcheapcoalpowergeneraYon.
• WindpowerisalsoavailablemostlyduringwetseasonwhenhydropowergeneraYonishigh.Therefore,windpowerhastobeaccommodated de-loadingcheapgeneraYonfromhydropowerplantsduringlowdemandcondiYon.
IssuesRelatedtoWindPowerIntegra3onCont.
• InerYacontribuYonfromwindpowerplantstothesystemisverysmall.
• Powerqualityissues• Environmental and social issues are encountered in
implemenYngwindpower.• At present, generaYon from wind power plants is not
curtailed as per the Standard Power Purchase AgreementssignedwithCEB.However,inthefuture,windgeneraYonwillhavetobecurtailedduringlowdemandcondiYontomaintainsystemstabilityandovercomeotheroperaYonalissues.
Measuresunderconsidera3ontofacilitategridintegra3onofwindpower
• Develop wind plants as parks and introduce wind forecasYngsystemstodealwithintermiSency.
• ImproveoffpeakdemandbyimplemenYngDSMmeasures.• Improve the system inerYa, by implemenYng planned major
generaYonaccordingtotheLongtermGeneraYonExpansionPlan.• Generatorswithfastresponsesuchasgasturbines,combinedcycle
shouldbeinstalled.• Requiredtoinveston newtransmissioninfrastructuretotransmit
powerfromNorthandNorthWesterntodemandcentres.• Powerqualityissueswillbeaddressedcomplyingwithgridcode.• Feasibility of connecYng Sri Lankan Electricity Grid with Indian
Electricity Grid is also under consideraYon which will definitelyimprovethereliabilityandstabilityofthesystem.
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