Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position
Universally accepted Universally accepted standard positionstandard position
Body terminology refers Body terminology refers to itto it
““body is erect, feet body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and slightly apart, head and toes forward, arms toes forward, arms hanging at the sides, hanging at the sides, palms FACING FORWARDpalms FACING FORWARD
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Prone vs. SupineProne vs. Supine
SupineSupine Anatomical position…palms to the frontAnatomical position…palms to the front
ProneProne Palms to the rearPalms to the rear
Fig. 9-4Fig. 9-4
Directional TermsDirectional Terms
PosteriorPosterior BackBack
DorsalDorsal Posterior Posterior
Lab Fig 1-3Lab Fig 1-3
AnteriorAnterior FrontFront
VentralVentral Anterior Anterior
SuperiorSuperior Above or upperAbove or upper
Lab Fig 1-3Lab Fig 1-3
Directional TermsDirectional Terms
Inferior Inferior Below or lowerBelow or lower
Medial Medial Toward the midline of Toward the midline of
the body the body LateralLateral
To the side To the side
Directional TermsDirectional Terms
ProximalProximal Nearest to the midlineNearest to the midline
DistalDistal Farthest awayFarthest away
Superficial Superficial Toward the surface (example: skin)Toward the surface (example: skin)
DeepDeep Toward the inside (example: organs)Toward the inside (example: organs)
Lab Fig 1-3Lab Fig 1-3
Regions of the BodyRegions of the Body
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Cephalic…………..headCephalic…………..head Cervical…………...neckCervical…………...neck Vertebral………….spinal Vertebral………….spinal
columncolumn Caudal…………….toward Caudal…………….toward
tail/posteriortail/posterior
Regions of the BodyRegions of the Body
Appendicular………limbs & their Appendicular………limbs & their attachments to the body axisattachments to the body axis
Axial…………………body axis (head, Axial…………………body axis (head, neck, trunk)neck, trunk)
Body Landmarks: CephalicBody Landmarks: Cephalic
Facial (on the face)Facial (on the face) Nasal………………noseNasal………………nose Buccal…………….cheekBuccal…………….cheek Oral………………..mouthOral………………..mouth Orbital…………….bony eye socketOrbital…………….bony eye socket
Cranial (surrounding the brain)Cranial (surrounding the brain) Frontal……………forehead (anterior)Frontal……………forehead (anterior) Occipital…………back of head (posterior)Occipital…………back of head (posterior) Parietal…………..upper sideParietal…………..upper side Temporal………..lower sideTemporal………..lower side
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: TorsoBody Landmarks: Torso Thoracic (chest)Thoracic (chest)
Sternal…………….sternum/breastboneSternal…………….sternum/breastbone Costal……………..ribsCostal……………..ribs
Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis)Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis) Abdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribsAbdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribs Inguinal…….groinInguinal…….groin Umbilical…..navelUmbilical…..navel Pelvic………pelvisPelvic………pelvis Gluteal……..buttocksGluteal……..buttocks Coxal……….hipCoxal……….hip Pubic……….genitalPubic……….genital
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: TorsoBody Landmarks: Torso
Inferior SpineInferior Spine Lumbar……..back, between ribs and hipsLumbar……..back, between ribs and hips Sacral……….back, between the hipsSacral……….back, between the hips
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: PectoralBody Landmarks: Pectoral
Axillary……………armpitAxillary……………armpit Acromial………….point of shoulderAcromial………….point of shoulder Scapular………….shoulder bladeScapular………….shoulder blade Deltoid……………upper shoulder/armDeltoid……………upper shoulder/arm
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: Superior Body Landmarks: Superior AppendagesAppendages
Brachial…………upper armBrachial…………upper arm Antebrachial……forearmAntebrachial……forearm Olecranal………..elbowOlecranal………..elbow Carpal……………wristCarpal……………wrist Manual…………...handManual…………...hand Palmar……………palm of handPalmar……………palm of hand Digital…………….digits=fingersDigital…………….digits=fingers
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: Inferior Body Landmarks: Inferior AppendagesAppendages
Femoral………..thighFemoral………..thigh Patellar………...anterior kneePatellar………...anterior knee Tibial…………...medial calfTibial…………...medial calf Fibular…………lateral calfFibular…………lateral calf Tarsal………….ankleTarsal………….ankle Calcaneal……..heel of footCalcaneal……..heel of foot Pedal…………..footPedal…………..foot Plantar………...sole of footPlantar………...sole of foot Digital………….digits=toesDigital………….digits=toes
Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2
Planes of SectioningPlanes of Sectioning
Longitudinal sections Longitudinal sections Sagittal planesSagittal planes
Divides into right & Divides into right & leftleft
Midsaggital planeMidsaggital plane Equal right & left Equal right & left
halveshalves Frontal or coronal Frontal or coronal
planesplanes Divides into anterior Divides into anterior
& posterior& posterior
Lab Fig 1-4Lab Fig 1-4
Lab Fig 1-4Lab Fig 1-4
Planes of SectioningPlanes of Sectioning
Cross sections Cross sections Horizontal or transverse planesHorizontal or transverse planes
Divides into superior & inferiorDivides into superior & inferior Oblique planesOblique planes
Divide at an angleDivide at an angle
Helps relate models and figures to the Helps relate models and figures to the body as a wholebody as a whole
Body cavities & Body cavities & organsorgans
Lab Fig. 1-6Lab Fig. 1-6
CranialCranial brain, pituitary glandbrain, pituitary gland
SpinalSpinal spinal cordspinal cord
ThoracicThoracic heart, trachea, lungs, esophagusheart, trachea, lungs, esophagus
AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas,
adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, prostate glandprostate gland
Serous membranesSerous membranes
Produce serous fluidProduce serous fluid Lubricates organsLubricates organs Movement without frictionMovement without friction Compartmentalize organs to help Compartmentalize organs to help
infections from spreadinginfections from spreading
Serous membranesSerous membranes
Double-layered Double-layered membranesmembranes Parietal layerParietal layer
Lines body Lines body cavity wallscavity walls
Visceral layerVisceral layer Covers Covers
external external surface of surface of the organ the organ within that within that cavitycavity
Serous membranesSerous membranes
PericardiumPericardium Surrounds the heartSurrounds the heart
Pleura(e)Pleura(e) Surrounds the lungsSurrounds the lungs
PeritoneumPeritoneum Surrounds abdominopelvic organsSurrounds abdominopelvic organs
Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.
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