•Evolution

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories of evolution.

Write a paragraph that explains ONE of the following:

• Cheetahs are the fastest land animal. Explain how cheetahs evolved their incredibly fast speed.

• Cave salamanders live in caves and have eyes that do not actually see. Explain how cave salamanders evolved.

Objective: You will be able to identify the mistakes made on the midterm test.

Do Now: Begin looking through the midterm test booklet and identifying your mistakes.

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Do Now:

• Open your notebook to yesterday’s notes.

• Come up with two differences between Lamarck's theory and Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Darwin’s Theory

• Overproduction of offspring – More offspring are made then the environment can support

» Also produces variation

• Competition – Individuals compete to survive

• Natural Selection – Those individuals with the better traits for the environment survive

• Reproduction – Survivors reproduce and send their traits onto the next generation

Reproduction

• This means the individuals with the better traits will most likely pass on their traits

• The individuals without the better traits will most likely NOT pass on their traits

• This is called “Differential Reproductive Success”

Figure 22.10 Camouflage as an example of evolutionary adaptation

Cave Salamanders and Cheetahs

• Turn to a neighbor and discuss how Lamarck would explain how cave salamanders evolved.

• Then write 2-3 sentences about what you discussed

• Turn to a neighbor and discuss how Darwin would explain how cave salamanders evolved.

• Then write 2-3 sentences about what you discussed

How do you think Lamarck would explain how cheetahs evolved? What about Darwin

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the types of evidence that support evolution.

• Take out the sheet with the 2 Regent’s questions from yesterday.

• Complete question 2. keep in mind:

• Overproduction of offspring

• Variation

• Competition

• Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest)

• Reproduction

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the types of evidence that support evolution.

• Read the section called “Homologous Body Structures” on p. 384

• Define Homologous structures

Figure 22.14 Homologous structures: anatomical signs of descent with modification

Table 22.1 Molecular Data and the Evolutionary Relationships of Vertebrates

• Adaption – any trait that allows the organism to survive:

• Can be:

• Structural

• Functional

• Behavioral

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between Darwin’s theory and the Modern theory.

Do Now:

• Read the section called “Sources of genetic Variation” on p. 394-395

• Describe two ways that variation is created in offspring.

Review of Darwin’s Theory

• Overproduction of offspring

• Variations in offspring

• Competition

• Survival of the fittest (Natural Selection)

• Reproduction

Problems with Darwin’s theory?

• Where did the variation come from?

• What is the genetic basis for the variation found in populations?

• How was this variation passed to the next generation?

Modern Theory of Evolution

• This theory includes ALL of the steps of Darwin’s theory

• It also includes the genetic basis for how the variation appears and how it is passed to the next generation.

• What are the ways to create variation? (Do Now)

Giraffes

• Lamarck

• Darwin

• Modern

You Try

• Peppered moths

Objective: You will be able to provide examples of natural selection.

• Read the section called “Descent with Modification” on p. 381-384

• Define common descent

Figure 22.12 Evolution of insecticide resistance in insect populations

Bacterial Resistance

Activity

• Identify a past or current culture/religion

• Ex. Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Hindu

• Search on the internet for how they believe(d) that life began

• Write a paragraph summary

Objective: You will be able to outline how you believe life began on Earth.

Do Now

• Take out the print out from yesterdays visit to the computer lab (If you did not report to the class yet)

• Read the section called “The First Organic Molecules” on p. 424

• What type of molecules were formed in the experiment done by Miller?

How Did Life Begin?

Species Comparisons

• Since all species arose from the “universal ancestor”, then all species have similarities

• Can you think of some similarities?

• The more in common two species have, the more recent their common ancestor

• That is why we compare embryos, proteins, DNA, etc…to see have closely related species are to each other.

Objective: You will be able to categorize new species into taxonomic levels.

Do Now

• Read “Linnaeus’s System of Classification” on p. 449

• Which level of taxonomy is the most specific?

KEEP YOU BOOK OUT WHEN DONEKEEP YOU BOOK OUT WHEN DONE

Taxonomy

• Is the classification of species based on how closely related they are

• Does anyone remember the level order?

KingdomPhylumClassOrder FamilyGenusSpecies

Figure 25.8 Hierarchical classificationPantherapardus

Panthera

Felidae

Carnivora

Mammalia

Chordata

Animalia

EukaryaDomain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

5 Kingdom

Binomial Nomenclature

• Scientific name of a species

• Why not just use its common name?

Binomial Nomenclature

• Lumbricus terrestris

• Panthera leo

• Canis lupis

• Canis domesticus

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Objective: You will be able to categorize new species into taxonomic levels.

Do Now

• Take out the taxonomy sheet from yesterday

• ON YOUR OWN…finish completing the breakdown into Phylum, Genus and Species

• Develop scientific names for each species

How long does evolution take?

• Gradualism – Small changes over a long period of time.

• Punctuated Equilibrium – Small changes over a long period of time, interrupted by large changes in short time periods

Rate of Evolution

• If the environment is changing a lot, then evolution happens faster

• Evolution occurs more quickly in species that reproduce sexually as opposed to asexually

• Evolution will occur faster in a species if they produce a lot of offspring

Review