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5/25/2018 Evaluation of Orphanage

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THE EVALUATION OF

MOTIVATIONAL SPACE DESIGN

FOR ORPHANAGEACCOMMODATION IN SELANGOR

Shah Amir Ezham bin Ismail, AidaKesuma binti Azmin


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Abstract

This research aims to derive the criteria needed in order to evaluate amotivational space design especially for orphanages accommodation inorder to create awareness among future architects as well as for theorphansmanagers. The research uses qualitative data through literaturereview studies as the methodology to derive the variables needed formotivational space design, while the combination of both qualitative and

quantitative data are used to affirm the variables through case studies.The outcome of this research signifies that there are seven variablesneeded in evaluating or designing a motivational space. At the end of theresearch, it is hope that the criteria will shift the existing paradigm on howto design a good motivational orphanage in the future.

Keywords: motivation, space, orphanage, orphan, accommodation,motivational space.


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Content

Introduction

Methodology

Literature Review Precedent Study

Data Collection and Analysis

Conclusion


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Introduction

Government children care does not cater the

real number of the orphans in Malaysia (only

9 Rumah Kanak-Kanak in Malaysia)

Most of private orphanages are established

due to urgent need in order to cater the stray

orphans and to help catering other

orphanages which has reached its limit oftaking another orphans


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Unfortunately, some are poor in term of

condition due to lack of budget in building and

maintaining the facilities but some of the private

orphanages are in good condition generally.

Most of the orphanage owners do not really

know how to really build a good shelter that

could give motivationfor the orphans, especiallywith motivational approach in design


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The only mitigation strategy that the caretakerof the orphanages took was to enhance andimprove the programme offered in the

orphanage. In order to improve the condition, this

research is intended to find out the best wayto derive criteria needed to design amotivational space for orphanagesaccommodation in Malaysia.


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Issues and Problems

Issue

There is no any official guideline to design

motivational quality space for orphanages

accommodation.

No profound research done regarding the

issue of motivational space mainly in

Malaysia.


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Problems

Orphans are not motivated during their time

in the orphanages, especially in their

accommodation

Future orphanages will be continuously built

without the consideration of motivational

quality in design


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Aim and Objective

Aims

The aims of this research are:

to evaluate motivational qualityslevel in existing

orphanage accommodation with suitable criteria

and;

to derive the criteria needed for a quality

motivational accommodation for the orphan


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Objectives

To evaluate the level of motivational designsquality in existing orphanages

accommodations; To evaluate the perceptions of the orphan

towards their existing accommodation;

To analyse the best approach for a goodquality of motivational accommodation forthe orphans.


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Research Question

What is the level of motivational designs

quality in existing orphanages

accommodations?

What are the perceptions of the orphan

towards their existing accommodation?

What is the best approach for a good quality

of motivational accommodation for the

orphans?


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Research Methodology


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Literature Review

Reward for treating the orphans

The fifth hadithrecorded in the book of Ethics

with the Single (book 7), it says: Umm Said bintu

Murra al-Fihri related from her father that theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him

peace, said, I and the guardian of an orphan will

be in the Garden like these two (showing his two

fingers closely put)


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Orphans

Islamic definition: According to the KuwaitEncyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence [ ] (1984), the word orphan only can beassociated to a person who lost his or her father

before the person reach the age of puberty (wetdream or menstruation)

Oxford definition: According to Oxford (2013), theterm orphan is used to a child who has lost his orher both parents.


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Unicef: UNICEF (2012) and global partners define

an orphan as a child who has lost one or both

parents

Other: Skinner (2004) discusses the definitionthrough a more detail discussion which separate

the definition of child and orphan, whereby the

orphan himself must be a child, which according to

usual definition of a kid which under 18 years old


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Orphans Psychology

Grief, low self esteemand despairare the

main mental illness that both types of orphans

suffer from


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The findings of the current research suggest all the orphanchildren reported lower self-esteem as compared to thechildren living with their parents probably due to loss of

their parents. These findings are consistent with those ofthe prior researches. Mohanty and Newhills (2005)research findings suggest that international adolescentadoptees have lower self-esteem and are at higher risk fordeveloping severe mental health problems and social

maladjustment than children of the same age living withtheir biological families in the general population. Theirstudy also indicated that many international adoptees areconfused about their racial and ethnic identity and facedifficulties in handling bias and discrimination. They further

argue that the international adoptees may have a betteradjustment if their adoptive parents are sensitive andappropriately responsive to issues related to their adoptedchild's race, ethnicity, and culture(p. 124).


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Orphanage

is an institution that caters and cares theorphan. Basically, it is built to accommodatethe orphans from any background as long as itmeets the characteristics.

According to wisegeek.com (2013), orphanageis the place for the children who doesnt haveparents and does not able to live on their

own.


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Motivation: Positive and Negative

Radwan (2013) said that positive motivation is

a motivation that motivates a person to gain

some incentives at the end of the action or

effort, while negative motivation is a type of

motivation that moves a person to avoid from

mishap as the end result.


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Motivational Space

a space that is designed to provide incentives

for human through various design approaches

which will positively influence them to react in

a certain or particular way to achieve their

goal


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Motivational Space

the main points to inculcate a motivational

environment through the treatment of the

surrounding and ambience are confidence,

comfort and happy.

Confidence to encounter low self esteem

Comfort and happy to encounter grief and

misery


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Lorena (2013) claims that:

Comfortin architecture can relate to many aspects of

how a building gets designed. Itsnot always just abouttemperature control the issue that gets so muchattention anytime building comfortgets mentioned. Infact, building comfort has a lot to do with how anarchitectural built form engages an occupant through

all of their senses, particularly when considering theharmonization between them like with factors oflighting, materiality, sound, and so on.

In this light, the author has interpreted the variables of

confidence and comfort for motivational quality in aspace through this diagram:


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Precedent Study

Jerusalem Orphanage, South Africa

Figure 23: Jerusalem Orphanage (Source: Inhabitat.com)
http://inhabitat.com/new-jerusalem-orphanage-built-with-recycled-shipping-containers-makes-south-african-kids-feel-loved-again/new-jerusalem-orphanage-by-4d-and-a-architects-lead-a/?extend=1


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Dr. Adrienne Feldner-Busztin of New

Jerusalem has observed drastic improvements

in the children after just the first few weeks of

living in the new house. Almost overnight itseems the childrensself-esteem and sense of

dignity has risen significantly. They are more

interactive, confident and joyful,she stated.


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Room layout

The room layout is simple yet attractive. Allfurniture are well-located and the circulation

is good.

Figure 24: View towards the bed area (Source: Inhabitat.com)


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Figure 25: View towards the bed area (Source: Inhabitat.com)

Natural lighting

All accommodations are exposed to ample

natural lighting. However the approach mustbe differentiated with Malaysiascontext due

to different weather.


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Ventilation

In order to have good ventilation, the

container is raise from ground level. Openingsat the top of the wardrobe will allow natural

ventilation to come in. This design approach

can be adapted to the Malaysian context

Figure 26: the containers are raised from ground level for ventilation purpose(Source: Inhabitat.com)


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Privacy

In term of privacy, each unit is limited to 12

persons with a mother house. However, thesleeping areas are all in small compartmented

rather that a big dormitory style.

Figure 28: huge space for a few people creates sense of serenity in the space(Source: Inhabitat.com)


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Aesthetic

The walls are painted in light pale brown while

the floor is finished by a brown carpet and the

drop ceiling is painted in white colour. The use

of vibrant colour for decoration such as

additional furnishing such as the carpetcreates a welcoming mood.


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Conclusion

Despite its simplicity, the overall design

approach of this accommodation is designedexceptionally tremendous.

The design consideration has created a lively

space and enhancing the ambience throughmany approaches such as adequate size

rooms, appropriate personal space dimension,

colour manipulation, natural lighting,attractive finishes and etc


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Data Collection and Analysis

CASE STUDY 1: RUMAH AMAL LIMPAHAN KASIH, PUCHONG,

SELANGOR


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Rumah Amal Limpahan Kasih (RALK) was founded by Rabaah binti Abdul Aziz and

Md. Zawawi bin Ramli. The orphanage caters for more than 100 orphans at a time,

from primary school level up to the secondary school level. The accommodations

between male orphans and female orphans are separated kilometres away due to

the limitation of the land available. The orphanage is managed by the orphanages

board and supported by the private sector and individuals.


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Variables Author Perception Orphan Perception

Room layout Inefficient layout in term of

space division, furniture

arrangement and circulation. The design of the door

location does not really

consider a good layout for the

space, which is located at the

middle.

60% like

40% partially like

0% dislike

Natural

lighting

Acceptable, but the glare is

quite disturbing.

Curtain - after thought

solution

Over lighting: 0%

Sufficient: 90%

Insufficient: 10%

Thermal

comfort

Mechanical fan used to keep

the temperature is

comfortable

After thought solution ofusing curtain manage to block

the radiant heat from

entering the room

1st floor corridor becomes

shading device

Hot: 20%

Comfort: 80%

Cold: 0%


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Ventilation Insufficient

Absence of cross ventilation -

no opening at the back of the

room, only at the front side ofthe room

Good: 40%

Bad: 60%

Privacy Curtain gives sense of privacy

from the outside

No privacy within the room

itself - open plan

15 person per room are too

many

More than five person

per room: 70%

Less than five person

per room: 30%

Alone: 90%

Safety All physical conditions are

good

Feeling secured: 60%

Feeling unsecured: 40%

Aesthetic No distinguish feature

Undefined architectural style

White colour all over the

interior - pale, dull andgloomy, does not give sense

of delight

Attractive: 50%

Not attractive: 50%

To change something:

90%Not to change any: 10%


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CASE STUDY 2: RUMAH BAKTI DATO HARUN


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RBDH provides 2 blocks of accommodation for the orphans,which is one for the male and another one is for thefemale. One dormitory can cater up to 10 orphans in onetime. The building has a common rectangular form withreinforced concrete post and beam as the structure andbrick wall. Externally, the wall is finished with cementrender and painted in pale reddish-chocolate.


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Room Layout Layout is clearly defined

However there is no sense of

excitement (linear

arrangement of beds)

80% like

20% partially like

0% dislike

NaturalLighting

Exceptionally good Adequate

Over lighting: 20%Sufficient: 40%

Insufficient: 40%

Thermal

Comfort

Many openings cause radiant

heat to come in

Hot: 50%

Comfort: 50%

Cold: 0%

Ventilation Good consideration of cross

ventilation

Mechanical mean such as fan

helps out to ventilate the air

inside the room

Good: 80%

Bad: 20%

Privacy Typical dormitory - Does not

consider any privacy within

the room

More than five person

per room: 40%

Less than five personper room: 60%

Alone: 100%


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Safety No physical harm Feeling secured: 90%

Feeling unsecured: 10%

Aesthetic No distinguish features

Common government school

block-alike

Timber wardrobe panel - some

sense of contemporary style,act as feature wall

Attractive: 70%

Not attractive: 30%

To change something:

90%

Not to change any: 10%


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Conclusion

Generally, a lot of orphanages have been built with the absence of

motivational sense consideration.

In order to shift the paradigm on how to design a quality motivational

space for the orphanage, this research has come out with the criteria of a

motivational space, which are:

Room layout

Natural lighting

Thermal comfort

Ventilation Privacy

Safety

Aesthetic (wall finish, floor finish and ceiling/soffit)


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These criteria of motivational space are derived and deducted fromthe study regarding to orphanssituation and psychological level, incombination with the impact of architectural approach towards theorphan.

The variables are chosen due to the impact towards cognitive andpsychological development that they have. The criteria then aretested in evaluation case studies which took place in selectedaccommodation of orphanages in Selangor. As the consequences,the relevancy of the criteria has been affirmed.

Therefore, with the criteria derived from this research,hopefully it will create a new paradigm in designing a motivationalspace, specifically for the orphan in order to celebrate, to care andto give a better life and hope for the orphans around the world.


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Jazakumullahu khairan

Thank You