2011 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Part I
Element of Sound
Music: An Appreciation, Brief7th Edition
by Roger Kamien
Session Goals
• Ask “What is Music?”
• Define “Sound”
• Dig deeper into the properties of sound
• Discuss Listening Examples and Outlines
What is Music?
• Vital part of human society
• Recorded music vs live performance
• Evaluating music performance
• What is “music” to you?
What is Sound?
• Sound is brain food
• Music is organized sound in time
• 4 properties of musical sound1. Pitch2. Dynamics3. Tone Color4. Duration
Pitch
How high or low is the sound?
• Determined by Frequency• Fast wave – high sound• slow wave – low sound
• Tone: definite pitch vs indefinite pitch
• Interval
• Range
Dynamics
How loud or soft is the sound?
• Determined by Amplitude• Changes in dynamics for interest• Accents also used for interest
• Italian terms and symbols used
pianissimo pp very soft
piano p soft
mezzo piano mp moderately soft
mezzo forte mf moderately loud
forte f loud
fortissimo ff very loud
Tone Color - Timbre
What does it sound like?
• Quality of tone• Descriptive words used to describe the sound
• Only limited by imagination• Combine instruments to make new colors• Change to created interest• Use same tones to create continuity
• Electronic techniques
Listening Examples
• Listening Outlines & Vocal Music Guides
• Connect Listening Outlines
• Suggestion
Listening
2011 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education
The Firebird, Scene 2 (1910)
by Igor Stravinsky
Brief Set: CD 1:01
Listening Outline: p. 7
Note: Tone Colors through instrumentation
Dynamic contrasts
Listening
2011 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education
C-Jam Blues (1942) by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra
Brief set, CD 1:3Listening Outline: p. 8
Note: Tone Colors
Repeated note melody
Improvised solos
Muted brass instruments
Wrap Up and Questions
What’s Next
Continuing the Conversation
• Connect reading
• Review materials in Blackboard Learn• Tutorial, Presentation, Quiz
• Learning Community
2011 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Have a great day!
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