Download - Env.waste Mgmt

7/25/2019 Env.waste Mgmt

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Waste Management

BYASWATI A

ROLL NO: 510

AYSHA ASHARAF

ROLL NO: 511

BIMS


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INTRODUCTION Since the beginning, human kind has been

generating waste.

It could be in the form of :

Bones

Other parts of animals they slaughter

Wood

With the progress of ciili!ation the wastegenerated became of a more comple"

nature.


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#t the end of $%thcentury&Industrialreolution' there was rise in the world of

consumers.

(he increase in population andurbani!ation was also largely responsible

for the increase in solid waste.


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What are Wastes

Waste &also known as rubbish, trash, refuse,

garbage,junk, litter, and ort' is unwanted or

useless materials. In biology, waste is any of

the many unwanted substances or to"ins that

are e"pelled from liing organisms, metabolic

waste) such as urea and sweat.


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Base! C"n#ent$"n De%$n$t$"n "% Wastes

*substances or ob+ects which are disposed

of or are intended to be disposed of or are

reuired to be disposed of by the proisions

of the law-


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D$s&"sa! means

*any operation which may lead to resource

recoery, recycling, reclamation, direct re

use or alternatie uses nne" I/B of the

Basel conention'-


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'$n(s "% Wastes

S"!$( )astes: wastes in solid forms, domestic,

commercial and industrial wastes

Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers,

bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

L$*+$( Wastes: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals,

oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing

industries and other sources


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C!ass$%$,at$"n "% Wastes a,,"r($ng

t" the$r -r"&ert$es

Bio-degradable :can be degraded &paper, wood, fruits and

others'

Non-biodegradable :

cannot be degraded &plastics, bottles,

old machines , cans, Styrofoam containers

and others'


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C!ass$%$,at$"n "% Wastes a,,"r($ng t"

the$r .%%e,ts "n H+man Hea!th an( the.n#$r"nment

a!ardous wastes :

Substances unsafe to use commercially,

industrially, agriculturally, or economicallyand hae any of the following propertiesignitability, corrosiity, reactiity 0to"icity.


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a!ardous Waste

19

# solid waste, or acombination of solid wastes,

which because of its:

uantity,

concentration,

physical,

chemical,

infectious characteristics may

pose a ha!ard to human health

or the enironment.


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PPT048-01 18

N"#E:

#ll ha!ardous wastes are solid wastes1ot all solid wastes are ha!ardous waste

$roperties of ha!ardous wastes

Based on characteristics

%gnitabilit& Ignitable wastes create fires under certain

conditions or are spontaneously combustible, or hae a

flash point less than 23 45 &$63 47'.

'orrosi(it& 5orrosie wastes are acids or bases &p8 less

than or eual to 9 or greater than or eual to $9.' that are

capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage

tanks, drums, and barrels.


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)eacti(it& ;eactie wastes are unstable under rocedure &(5=>'.


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C!ass$%$,at$"n "% )astes a,,"r($ng t"

the$r "r$g$n an( t/&e

M+n$,$&a! S"!$( )astes:

Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish,

construction 0 demolition debris, sanitation residues,

packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed byany municipality.

B$"me($,a! )astes:

Solid or liuid wastes including containers,

intermediate or end products generated during

diagnosis, treatment 0 research actiities of medical

sciences.


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In(+str$a! )astes:

=iuid and solid wastes that are generated bymanufacturing 0 processing units of arious industries

like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary 0

paper etc.

*isher& wastes: Wastes generated due to fisheryactiities. (hese are e"tensiely found in coastal 0

estuarine areas.

)adioacti(e wastes: Waste containing radioactie

materials. ?sually these are byproducts of nuclearprocesses. Sometimes industries that are not directly

inoled in nuclear actiities, may also produce some

radioactie wastes, e.g. radioisotopes, chemical sludge

etc.


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E-wastes:

@lectronic wastes generated from any modern

establishments. (hey may be described as discarded

electrical or electronic deices.

+gricultural wastes:

Wastes generated from farming actiities. (hese substances

are mostly biodegradable.


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$A

ources of Wastes

ouseholds

'ommerce and %ndustr&


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$%

+griculture

*isheries


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SOLID WAST.S

It is defined as:

Non-liquid , non-soluble materials

ranging from municipal garbage to

industrial wastes that contain complex

and sometimes ha!ardous substances . Solid wastes also includes:

Sewage sludge

#gricultural refuse

emolition wastes

Cining residues


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Solid Waste


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S"!$( Waste $n In($a

D.9 million tonnes of ha!ardous waste

One S km of additional landfill area eeryyear

;s $233 crore for treatment 0 disposal of these wastes

In addition to this industries discharge about $3 million

tonnes of high olume low ha!ard waste eery year,

which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest


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#&pes of solid wastes Broadly there are E types of waste which are as

follows:

ousehold waste is generally classified as/unicipal waste.

%ndustrial wasteas a!ardous waste

Biomedical waste or ospital waste as%nfectious waste


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/0N%'%$+1 "1%2 W+#E

Cunicipal solid waste consists of:

8ousehold waste

5onstruction and demolition

Sanitation residueWaste from streets


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+3+)2"0 W+#E

Industrial and hospital waste is considered

ha!ardous as they may contain to"icsubstances.

8a!ardous wastes could be highly to"ic to

humans, animals and plants . (hey are:5orrosie

8ighly inflammable or e"plosie

;eact when e"posed to certain things.

@.g. gases


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8ousehold wastes that can be categori!ed

as ha!ardous waste include:Old batteries

Shoe polish

>aint tinsOld medicines

Cedicine bottles


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8ospital waste contaminated by chemicalsused in hospitals is considered ha!ardous.

(hese chemicals include formaldehyde and

phenols, which are used as disinfectants.


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In the industrial sector, the ma+or

generators of ha!ardous waste are themetal, chemical, paper, pesticide, dye,

refining, and rubber goods industries.

irect e"posure to chemicals in ha!ardous

waste such as mercury and cyanide can be

fatal.


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"$%#+1 W+#E

8ospital waste is generated during the

diagnosis treatment or immuni!ation ofhuman beings or animals.

It may include wastes like

Sharps Soiled waste

isposables

#natomical waste

5ultures

iscarded medicines

5hemical wastes


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(hese are in the form of disposable

syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids,human e"creta, etc.

(his waste is highly infectious and can be a

serious threat to human health if notmanaged in a scientific and discriminate

manner.

It has been roughly estimated that of the 6kg of waste generated in a hospital at least

$ kg would be infected.


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Waste can be ...Waste can be ...

#oided 0

reduced5hangeraw

material

5hange

process

5hange

technology

Food

house

keepingSerices

instead

of products

5hange

product

I.

;ecycled

Withinthe process

Inside

the

company

@"ternally

II.

isposed of

;eduction

of olume

eto"i

fication

Stabili!ation

@nergetically

III.

5orrect

segrega

tion


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WAST. MANA.M.NT

(hree ;s to be followed for waste

management are:

)euse

)ec&cle

)educe


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)E0E

o not throw away the soft drink cans or

the bottles) coer them with homemadepaper or paint on them and use them as

pencil stands or small ases.


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E6

W+# "012 BE 2"NE %N )E0E

2onate4Exchange

- old books

- old clothes

- old computers

- excess building materials

- old equipment to local organi!ations


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)E'5'1E

?se shopping bags made of +ute, which can

be used oer and oer again.


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)ec&cling

)ec&cling:>rocessing of a waste item into usableforms

Benefits

Saes money, raw materials, and land.

@ncourages indiidual responsibility.

;educes pressure on disposal systems.

Gapan recycles about half of all household

and commercial wastes. =owers demand for raw resources.

;educes energy consumption and air

pollution.


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$lasticBags

$H of plastic bags are recycled.

# few years ago a study showed that A million

pounds of plastic bags are thrown away each

year. If you dont recycle them, animals can eat them

and get stuck in their throat and they will

suffocate.


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$aper$aper $ ton of recycled paper can sae $D treesJ

;euse paper around the home as scrap paper or

packing material. @nelopes can also be reused.

#nother good way to reduce paper is to read the

news online K this will stop the massie amount

of trees being cut down for newspapers aloneJ


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Re,/,!$ng n"t a s"!+t$"n t" a!! &r"2!ems3

;ecycling is not a solution to managing eery

kind of waste material

7or many items recycling technologies are

unaailable or unsafe

In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.


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)E20'E

;educe the generation of unnecessary waste,

@g . carry your own shopping bag when yougo to the market and pull all your purchases

directly into it.


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6$

E**E'# "* W+#E %* N"#

/+N+6E2 W%E15 +ffects our health

+ffects our socio-economic conditions

+ffects our coastal and marine en(ironment

+ffects our climate


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69

E**E'# "* W+#E7

66s are accumulating in Earth8s atmosphere as a result ofhuman acti(ities, causing global mean surface air temperatureand subsurface ocean temperature to rise9

)ising global temperatures are expected to raise sea le(els andchange precipitation and other local climate conditions9

'hanging regional climates could alter forests, crop &ields,and water supplies9

#his could also affect human health, animals, and man& t&pes

of ecos&stems9

2eserts might expand into existing rangelands, and features ofsome of our national parks might be permanentl& altered9


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+cti(ities that ha(e altered the chemical composition of the

atmosphere:

Buildup of 66s primaril& carbon dioxide '";< methane '=; is emitted during agricultural and industrial acti(ities, as well

as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels9 %n ?@AA, the

0 emitted about one-fifth of total global 66s9

M h ( % W D$ !


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Meth"(s "% Waste D$s&"sa!

=andfills

Incineration

Source reduction

5omposting

;ecycling

( %$!!$


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Lan( %$!!$ng Cost municipal solid

waste in ?S is depositedin landfills

Source of groundwater

pollution 1umber of municipal

landfills is declining.

Some closed foriolations,

1ew landfills are costly

and often resisted .

In,$nerat$"n


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In,$nerat$"n

>rior to $%63,incineration wascommon in 1orth#merica and western

@urope.

Cany incinerators were eliminated because of foul odorsand gritty smoke

5urrently, about $H of ?.S. municipal solid waste isincinerated.


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In,$nerat$"n

>ros:

;educe olume %3H, weight DH

8eat from burning conerted to electricity

5ons:

5reate air pollution

5oncentrates to"ins in ash

Core costly than landfills, as long as space

aailable

C"m&"st$ng


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C"m&"st$ng

8arnessing natural

decomposition totransform organic materialinto compost

#bout EA33 compostingfacilities currently in usein the ?nited States.

S R ( t$


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S"+r,e Re(+,t$"n

Cost fundamental method of reducingwaste is to preent it from being

produced &Waste >reention'.

;educe and reuse K Indiiduals and

Industry

Saes natural resources.

;educes waste to"icity

;educes costs


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